Vernon 170 apr 25 2014 steamboats

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April 25- May 1, 2014 Issue #00170

TIDBITS® REMEMBERS

STEAMBOATSby Janet Spencer

On April 23, 1838, the first steamboat to cross the Atlantic Ocean from England to America arrived in New York City. Come along with Tidbits as we remember the contribution made by steamships.

SIRIUS vs GREAT WESTERN

• The SS Great Western was the first paddle-wheel steamship built with the intention of crossing the Atlantic, and it was the largest passenger ship in the world at the time. Built in Bristol, England, it was launched on March 31, 1838, whereupon a fire broke out in the engine room. Damage was minimal, but fifty passengers cancelled their bookings, leaving only seven passengers to make the trip.

• Taking advantage of the delay, rival steamship Sirius embarked for New York, keen on beating the Great Western across the ocean. The Sirius left on April 4, followed by the Great Western on April 8. Even with the start, the Sirius beat the Great Western by only a single day, arriving on April 23.

• The average speed of the Sirius was 8.03 knots (14.87 km/h) but the Great Western made the trip at 8.66 knots (16.04 km/h). The Great Western went on to make 45 ocean crossings in the next eight years, averaging 16 days west to New York and 13 days going back to Britain, in a day when the journey usually took 40 days on a sail-powered boat.

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CROSSWORD Across

1 Cried one’s eyes out5 Facial expression11 Hang down14 Pre-migraine phenomenon, for some15 Hot wings did him in16 It may need a boost17 *Shopper’s aid19 Barracks bed20 Scattering seed21 Raid the fridge22 Songwriter Bacharach23 Small combo25 Katana-wielding warrior27 Barking sound30 Responsibility32 Choice in a booth33 Evening for trivia buffs36 Disney lioness38 “That __ last year!”39 In the future, or, when spoken with a long starting vowel, what the last word of the answers to starred clues can have41 1492 vessel43 Hoodlum45 Run-down urban buildings47 HST part, say: Abbr.

49 Ex-Yankee Martinez50 “A mouse!”51 Takes care of54 Islands in the stream56 Meringue needs57 Alts.59 Homemade pistol63 Bygone space station64 *Stop-action film technique66 Rock gp. known for its symphonic sound67 Maker of Light & Fit yogurt68 Jungfrau’s range69 Homer’s nice neighbor70 Battery parts71 Push to the limit

Down1 Clowns2 Mark replacement3 Figurehead spot4 Silently understood5 Birth state of four of the first five American presidents6 More than unfriendly7 Word after fire or bake8 Met program details9 Austrian painter Klimt10 Superlative suffix11 *Phone that can’t be

tapped12 Ancient Greek market13 Mob boss John18 Subject of the 2003 TV film “The Crooked E”22 Zippo filler24 Should, with “to”26 Work-wk. start27 Pollution meas.28 Tin Woodman’s trouble29 *Angler’s equipment31 Fitted bedding item34 “Gadzooks!”35 Patty Hearst, in the SLA

37 Kitty builder40 Inhabitants42 Pose44 Miracle Mets manager Hodges46 Recurring theme48 Mideast capital51 Hunks52 Like gymnasts53 Shorthand expert55 Fat-shunning fellow58 Email button60 Storm wind61 Calls the game62 Brooding place64 Govt. Rx watchdog65 Actress Caldwell

STEAMSHIP BEGINNINGS

• Before steamships crossed the ocean, they plied the rivers. In 1819 the first steamboat made its way up the Missouri River as far as the site where Omaha sits today. It was called the Western Engineer and carried surveyors. It was shaped like a dragon monster, with the steam of the engines emitted from its mouth. It was hoped this fearful sight would prevent Indians from attacking the boat. Apparently the ploy was successful, as the boat encountered no trouble.

FULTON’S MONOPOLY

• Robert Fulton is remembered as the father of the steamboat, although John Fitch and John Stevens worked on the invention before him. Fulton adapted ideas of others and put steamboats in the public eye. He applied for a monopoly of steam traffic on the nation’s rivers. The state of New York granted him alone the right to operate steam powered boats within its boundaries. Fulton then asked for similar rights from other states. All turned him down except Louisiana. Controlling steam traffic in Louisiana meant that Fulton ultimately controlled much of the traffic on the Mississippi, because he could prevent all other steamships from reaching New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico.

• A man named Shreve was also interested in steamboats. To challenge Fulton’s monopoly, he took a boat called the Enterprise down the Mississippi to New Orleans. He put up bail for the boat as soon as he landed, before deputies had even attached it. He then returned north to build a better steamboat, called the Washington.

• On her maiden voyage, the Washington set a speed record for travel from Louisville to New Orleans. The lawsuit against the Enterprise was still unsettled, and the Washington was quickly impounded. Shreve countered by getting a court order holding Fulton responsible for loss of income.

• By now, people realized it was a mistake to let only one company run steamboats on the river. Public sentiment was against Fulton. Seeing the writing on the wall, lawsuits were dropped and the monopoly was broken.

• Later Shreve was appointed U.S. Superintendent of Western River Improvements. He invented the ‘snag

NAUTICAL RACES• In 1851 Prince Albert hosted the Great London

Exhibition to showcase technological advances. In conjunction, Queen Victoria invited all nations to participate in the annual 53-mile regatta around the Isle of Wight. Fifteen British vessels entered, plus one American boat.

• The owner of the American boat, John Stevens, was the first commodore of the New York Yacht Club, and his boat was designed by engineer George Steers, who made his living designing sleek, quick boats. It won by a wide margin. Legend has it that when the Queen asked, “Who has won?” and was told who it was, she replied, “And who is second?” only to be told, “Your Majesty, there is no second.” It was some time before the second place winner showed up.

• The trophy, made of 134 ounces of silver, was called the ‘One Hundred Guinea Cup’ because that’s how much it cost. It was awarded to Stevens and his crew. He donated the trophy to the New York Yacht Club in 1857 with the stipulation that it be awarded to the winner of international boat races held once every three years, in order to stimulate competition between countries.

A GOOD LOSER• As a young man in Glasgow, Scotland, Thomas

helped his parents run their small grocery

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A GOOD LOSER, con’tstore. He spent a few years living in the U.S.

where his work in a New York City grocery store introduced him to the effectiveness of publicity events and advertising.

• Later Thomas returned to Glasgow and opened his own store, which was so successful that he kept opening more. He engaged in innovative marketing techniques including staging parades and hiring brass bands. By 1888 he owned over 300 stores.

• Around the time Thomas opened his 300th grocery store, the price of tea began to fall, and his middle-class customers began drinking more of it. Spotting an opportunity, Thomas opened a tea trading office and established wholesale distribution channels that allowed working-class people to be able to easily afford tea. He bought his tea in such large amounts that he was able to undercut competitor’s prices.

• This was such a successful venture that he began to invest in tea plantations. In Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), coffee plantation owners had recently suffered a coffee blight that ruined their crop, so Thomas convinced them to plant tea instead.

• In a time when most tea was sold by the pound, Thomas pioneered selling it packaged in individual bags.

• Thomas’ hobby was yachting, and he entered the America’s Cup yacht race five times, hoping to bring the trophy home to Britain. He lost every time, but the publicity he got from being ‘the world’s best loser’ caused tea sales to soar.

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A NEW PORT

In 1851 David Denny and John Low built a cabin on the Puget Sound and started a town. Shortly afterwards the first steamboat arrived, looking for lumber to carry to San Francisco. The pioneers had lots of lumber, but there was no easy place where the logs could be loaded on the ship. The settlers decided to relocate their town to a place where boats could more easily be loaded and unloaded. The local Indians helped them find a new townsite. The new town was named for their chief. Today it’s the largest metropolitan area in the Pacific Northwest, and it the 8th largest port in the U.S. What city is it? Answer at the bottom of the page.

RAILROADS vs STEAMSHIPS

When railroads started crossing the continent, people with vested interests in steamships tried to vilify railroads. In posters and ads, railroads were called the work of the devil. But railroads eventually put steamboats out of business.

ANSWER: Seattle.


Canadian Tid-bits▶ Nova Scotia means, of course, “New Scotland.” What percent of residents of Nova Scotia have a Scottish background? Approximately 30 percent. An equal number claim an English background.

▶ Port Morien, Nova Scotia, is the home of the first official Boy Scout troop in all of North America. It was founded in 1908, which was just one year after Robert Baden-Powell published his book “Scouting for Boys” which instigated the boy scout program. Of the ten original members of the troop, the last surviving member died in 1991.

▶ Population of California: 38 million; Population of Canada: 35 million

▶ The Bay of Fundy is home to the highest tides in the world, with an average difference between high and low tide ranging between 14.5 meters (47.5 feet) to 16.3 meters (53.5 feet). Each day, approximately 100 billion tons of seawater flows in and out of the bay, which is more than the combined flow of every freshwater river on the entire planet.

▶ Canada has more doughnut shops per capita than any other country.

▶ About 20% of Canadian citizens were born outside of Canada.

FAMOUS CANADIANS:

SAMUEL CUNARD• Samuel Cunard was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1787, the

son of a successful carpenter. He grew up on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the thriving maritime industries of Halifax.

• At the age of 17, he took over management of his father’s large lumber yard. He then spent three years studying the shipping industry in Boston. When Samuel returned to Halifax from Boston at the age of 21, his father built a wharf and bought a schooner, and together they established the firm of A. Cunard & Son as they engaged in trading up and down the coast of Canada. Soon, a second ship was added in order to engage in river trade.

• When the War of 1812 broke out, A. Cunard & Son was one of the few shipping outfits authorized to operate in American waters while flying a neutral flag. When the war ended, Samuel went to England where be obtained the contract to carry mail from Britain to Bermuda once a month. By 1814, Bermuda enjoyed the most reliable mail delivery of any of the British colonies. In 1816, Samuel Cunard was also granted the contract to carry mail from England to Boston.

• When his father died, the company was re-named S. Cunard & Co as several of Samuel’s brothers joined the firm. By now the company owned thirty ships, all of them powered by sail which was the only option at the time. Next Samuel landed the contract to carry tea for the East India Company of London. Then he bought a coal mine in Nova Scotia and started shipping coal.

• By 1825, the Cunard brothers were becoming interested in a new invention, the steamship. They commissioned the construction of their first steamer, the Royal William.

• The Royal William ran between Halifax and Quebec. When a cholera outbreak forced the Royal William into quarantine, the company nearly went bankrupt, but Samuel Cunard was convinced that transatlantic steamship service was feasible. To test his theory, in 1833, he took the Royal William across the Atlantic from Canada to England, making the trip in only 17 days. While in England, he sold the ship.

• Five years later, Samuel Cunard was in England when he saw several side-wheel paddle steamships under construction in the race to be the first steamer to travel across the Atlantic from England to America. He followed the story of the race between the Sirius and the Great Western with interest.

• Back in Canada, he saw an ad in the London Times: “Steam vessels required for conveying Her Majesty’s Mails and Dispatches between England and Halifax, N.S., and also between England, Halifax and New York.” Cunard set sail for England at once, where he won the contract. He commissioned the construction of three steamers, knowing that this venture would make or break him. The new firm was called Cunard’s Company, shortened to simply Cunard’s. By 1940, Samuel Cunard had three steamers making regular ocean crossings in only 12 days.

• After establishing an unbeatable reputation for safety, Cunard began investing in ocean liners, dominating the Atlantic passenger trade with ships such as the RMS Queen Mary, the RMS Queen Elizabeth, and the Queen Elizabeth II.


Q: Our dog was attacked in our own driveway by another dog, and now she’s afraid to set foot in the driveway to take a walk. She’s excited to see the leash, but won’t go out the front door. As a result, she’s gaining weight. What should I do?

A: Who can blame your dog? I assume she was traumatized by the encounter you describe, but is at least physically OK. Chicago dog trainer Laura Monaco Torelli has a great idea which should work if you can get your dog into the car. “Drive to a nearby park, or simply drive several blocks from home and stop. Then take your walk,” she suggests. Monaco Torelli, a Karen Pryor Academy for Animal Training and Behavior Faculty member, adds simply, “Walk home from there.” Once you get near the dreaded driveway, take out a toy or offer treats to distract your dog. You can even make a run for the house, speeding right past the driveway. Use a tennis ball, squeaky toy, cheese, or piece of hot dog to motivate your dog.

Q: My cat was diagnosed with asthma, which I didn’t even know cats could get. Is this caused by environmental factors, as I’ve read asthma can be in people? Could I really train my cat to use an inhaler? If you’d ever meet my cat, you’d understand why I’m skeptical about this.

A: While more is being learned about what triggers human asthma attacks, the three most common causes are a protein found on cats, dust mites and cockroach feces, according to veterinary pulmonologist Dr. Philip Padrid. “We don’t know for certain what triggers asthma in cats,” he notes. “We know pollution or secondhand smoke are not primary factors, though.” It could be that some cats have a genetic predisposition. In any case, the current best treatment (which Padrid helped develop) is, indeed, a kitty inhaler, which contains a steroid. Previously, steroids were given to cats via injection, and over time, adverse side effects could occur. “This is a much safer option,” Padrid says. With positive reinforcement training, most cats can be conditioned to tolerate the mask which the delivers the steroid. In fact, Padrid, of Corrales, NM, says that in one study 85 percent of cats readily took to the inhaler. If your veterinarian (or a technician at the veterinary clinic) isn’t able to offer advice about how to acclimate your cat to an inhaler, ask your veterinary for a referral to a feline specialist. A superb reference, which includes videos, is at www.fritzthebrave.com.

FULTON’S MONOPOLY (cont’d)

boat’ which cleared some 300 miles of the Mississippi River of obstacles. Shreveport, Louisiana was named after him.

—Fact—

One of Shreve’s tasks was to dismantle a floating, living raft made of logs and live trees, weeds and shrubs. This huge tangled mass of vegetation was 26 miles (42 km) long. Each time the Mississippi River flooded, the raft would be lifted and moved to some other location, blocking shipping lanes where ever it went. It took Shreve five years and $311,000 merely to blast a channel through the center of the raft. It wasn’t until some 30 years later when, with the help of a new invention called nitroglycerin, U.S. Engineers were able to blast away the last of the Great Raft.

BUGS IN THE SYSTEM

• Shreve built many steamboats but his favorite was always the Washington. When a boiler exploded on June 9, 1819, Shreve was injured and 8 others died. This was the first in a long string of steamboat accidents. Besides exploding boilers, another problem was the incredible heights of the boats. At first steamboats were only double-deckers, then a third and fourth deck were added. These towering boats could not hold their own against crosswinds and were often blown into shoals. Another danger was the fact that the entire boats were made of wood and were extremely flammable.

• 70% of the steamboats that were destroyed on the Missouri River met their end by striking snags. Nearly 300 ships were lost this way. Shreve’s snag boats removed 2,245 snags and 1,710 overhanging trees in 300 miles.

A LANDMARK COURT CASE

In 1853 the Rock Island Railroad built a drawbridge over the Mississippi River in order to let trains cross the river. When a steamboat called the Effie Afton smashed against the bridge and sunk with the loss of many lives, the owner hired a young lawyer who argued that the railroad was at fault and should be forced to remove the bridge. Although the steamboat company spent $20,000 on litigation, the case was lost. Soon railroad bridges were popping up along the length of the river. The young lawyer, however, went on to greater things. His name was Abe Lincoln.

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Community Events

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Up from the Depths pool party Ages 10 to 14. Friday, April 25, 2014 from 10pm to mid-night at Vernon Recreation Centre, 3310 37 Ave, Ver-non. Up from the Depths is an after-hours pool party for ages 10 to 14 at the Vernon Recreation Complex, hosted by Vernon Christian School students. The set up is live DJ’s, crazy fun, large & small group activities, free shaved ice stand and more. This is a fundraiser event and tickets are $10 each. All proceeds will be divided & donated to Eagle Bay Camp, Faith Mission Camp & Young Life to be used to send local kids to camp. For ticket details ... use this link http://www.vcs.ca/depths-event/

Swap Meet & Garage Sale Saturday, April 26, 2014 from 9am to 3pm and Sunday, April 27, 2014 from 9am to noon.At O’Keefe Ranch, 9380 Hwy 97N, Vernon. Historic O’Keefe Ranch is holding a spring garage sale to raise funds for the Bal-moral School roof. If you are looking for that unique collectible or piece of yard art, check out the items at the O’Keefe Ranch Garage Sale. Antiques, farm implements and so much more! Cost: Admission is free! For more info: (250) 542-7868 [email protected] www.okeeferanch.ca

Vernon’s Repair Café Saturday May 3rd from 11am - 3pm at The Okanagan Science Centre parking lot, 2704 Hwy 6, Vernon. What do you do with a bicycle when the chain has broken, with a book that has fallen apart or that favorite sweater that needs mending? Toss it? No way! Back by popular demand, Vernon’s Repair Café will be held once again. Bring your broken books, things that need gluing, dull knives and tools, musical instruments, torn or moth eaten clothing, dysfunctional bicycles, small appliances, and we’ll help you fix them! There will even be a food vendor on site for munchies and beverages. For more information contact us at: [email protected] For updates: www.facebook.com/VernonTransi-tion Why a Repair Café?We throw away vast amounts of stuff in Canada. Things that are barely used get tossed when a simple repair could fix it. The trouble is, lots of people have forgotten that things can be repaired or how to repair them them-selves. Society doesn’t always show much appreciation for the people who still have this “fix-it” knowledge. The Repair Café is changing that! Some of Vernon’s handy people will be available to help fix stuff and share this practical knowledge. The result is things won’t be thrown away and they will be used longer. This reduces our CO2 emissions, the volume of raw materials and energy needed to make new products and the amount of stuff going into our landfill. This event is proudly brought to you by Vernon In Transition, in cooperation with the The Okanagan Science Centre and the Region-al District of the North Okanagan.

New & Used Fishing equipment. Lures, Gang Trolls, Plugs, Flashers, etc. Call for more info: (250) 832-2855 (S. Arm)

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Vernon 170 apr 25 2014 steamboats

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