Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
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Transcript of Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
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VERMICULTURE
ANG TAMANG PAG-AALAGA NG
MABENEPISYONG BULATE
PRESENTED BY CLUB ECO FARM
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WHY Vermiculture and Vermicomposting
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LOW-COST, LOW-TECH but
SCIENTIFICALLY Based
Technology
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LOW COSTDahil ang
sangkap na pede gamitin ay nasa
paligid lang natin
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LOW TECHDahil ang
proseso ay simple lang
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STEPS1 Gathering
2 Mixing of materials3 Pre-decomposition4 Vermicomposting
5 Harvesting
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Ang “VERMI” ay ibig sabihin bulate
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Ang VERMICULTURE ay pag-aalaga o pagpaparami ng mga bulati para ibenta at aalagaan sa proseso ng vermiculture.
Ito ay pinaka mahusay na paraan gamit ang bulati sa paggawa ng organikong pataba.
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Ano ang VERMICOMPOST?
Pinaka mabisang organikong pataba
galing sa dumi at mga natitirang pagkain ng
mga bulati
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Ano ang VERMICOMPOSTING?
Ito ay isang proseso na gamit ang bulati para kainin ang mga nabubulok na mga bagay tulad ng basura at kanilang ilalabas na kung tawagin “humus like
material” o Vermicast.
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Dumi ng bulati o ‘poop’.
Ano ang Vermicast o Worm Casting?
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AFRICAN NIGHT CRAWLERS (ANC) Ang “African Nightcrawler” (Eudrilus eugeniae) ay isang uri ng bulati na angkop na palakihin sa Pilipinas para sa paggawa ng vermicompost at vermimeal. Ang “African nightcrawler” or ANC, ay mabisa dahil mas malaki ito at mabilis dumami. Ito ay nanggaling ng West Africa at dinala dito noong 1982 mula sa Germany ni Dr. Otto Graff.
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Ano ang VERMITEA o COMPOST TEA o WORM TEA?
Ang vermitea ay katas ng vermicast o tae ng bulate na ibinabad sa tubig at pinahanginan (brewed) gamit ang compost tea brewer. Ito ay isang paraan na pinaparami and mga beneficial micro-organism at magiging epektibo ito.
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Vermi tea Brewer courtesy of Felicidad Orchard Garden & Organics Gen. Santos City
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Ano Ang Micro-organismo?
Gamit ang tamang timpla ng tubig, oxygen, carbon, at nitrogen, ang micro-organismo ay nagbi-breakdown ng mga organikong bagay upang makagawa ng compost. Ang proseso ng composting ay nakasalalay sa mga micro-organismo sa pagbreakdown ng organikong bagay sa compost. May maraming uri ng mga microorganisms na matagpuan sa aktibong pag-aabono o compost kung saan ang pinaka-karaniwang ay:
Bakterya - Ang pinaka-maraming bilang ng mga micro organismo na matagpuan sa compost. Actinomycetes - kinakailangan para sa pag-breakdown ng mga produktong papel tulad ng pahayagan (newspaper) , tumahol (bark), atbp Fungi - Molds at yeast ay tumutulong sa pag-breakdown ng mga materyales na hindi kaya ng bakterya, lalo na ang lignin sa makahoy na materyal. Protozoa - Tumutulong ubusin ang bacteria, fungi at micro organic particulates. Rotifers - makatulong sa pag control ng populasyon ng mga bakterya at maliit na mga protozoans.
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Ano ang Vermimeal o Fish Meal?
Vermimeal o worm meal ay isang mahusay na mapagkukunan ng protina at nutrients. Ito ay isang mayaman na source ng protina ng hayop pati na rin ang mga mahahalagang amino acids, taba, bitamina, at mineral para sa mga baka, mga ibon at isda. Humigit kumulang 5.5 kg ng sariwang ANC biomass (18% dry matter) ay kinakailangan upang makagawa ng 1 kg ng vermimeal. Ito ay maaaring nakaimpake sa plastic bag at naka-imbak sa isang cool at tuyo na lugar at hindi direktang tinatamaan ng araw hanggang sa tatlong buwan.
Ang pagtatasa ng isang ANC vermimeal sa tuyo at durog na form ay inihayag ang mga sumusunod na komposisyon: 68% crude protein, 9.57% fat, 11.05% nitrogen-free extract, and 9.07% ash
Source: (Guerrero 2009b).
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Paano sisimulan ang Vermiculture?
Gumawa ng isang komportableng kahon o bahay para sa inyong bulati tulad ng sako, hollow blocks, plastik, tarpulin o lalagyan (worm bed or worm bin). Mas malaki mas maraming ani. Ang mga kahon ng bulati ay kailangan may butas sa ilalim para labasan ng tubig at butas sa ibabaw para sa pasok ng hangin.
I-pwesto ang worm bed sa patag, malilim, at may drainage na lugar. Kung walang malilim na lugar, magtayo ng talukbong. Di dapat malapit sa maingay at matagtag na makinarya.
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ANO ANGWORMBED , WORMBIN -
LAGAYAN NG MGA BULATE o
KAMA
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Sta. Barbara, Bacolor Pampanga
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Concepcion, Tarlac
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Migration setup with vermitea wormbed Bay, Laguna
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ANC BED WITH VERMITEA
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Wormbin with 1-2 kilos of ANC capacity
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1m x 1m Fiberglass Wormbin with wood shavings substrates
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VERMICOMPOSTING WORMBED
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VERMICULTURE WORMBED
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Sapal ng horse manure o saha ng saging + cow manure ang mainam gamitin sa wormbed para sa mabilisan na setup
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APPLICATION NG VERMICAST AT
VERMICOMPOST
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Ginger applicationvermicompost 50% + garden soil 50%
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Agrilink 2011
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Experiment over tomato plants, variety Miliana. Plants were irrigated with 100ml tap water twice a week.Look the difference when used 10% VERMICOMPOST.
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Experiment over tomato plants, variety Miliana. Plants were irrigated with 100ml tap water twice a week.Look the difference when used 20% VERMICOMPOST.
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Experiment over tomato plants, variety Miliana. Plants were irrigated with 100ml tap water twice a week.Look the difference when used 40% VERMICOMPOST.
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4 kilos pineapple courtesy of Felicidad Orchard Garden Gensan
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Concepcion, Tarlac
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Lubao, Pampanga
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POLOMOLOK, SOUTH COTABATO
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Vermicompost Earthworm Biomass
Aerobic Decomposition (30-45 days)
Anaerobic Decomposition (10-15 days)
Preparation of materials and wormbed
Gathering of materials
Market On farm use
Vermicompost
Vermi-meal Recycle
Earthworm Biomass
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SUBSTRATES• (75% CARBON) market waste o
anumang decomposted waste + (25% NITROGEN) manure (any kind)
• 50% wastes + 50% manure• Manure + ipil-ipil or kakawate
(2:1)• Rice straw + manure (1:1)• Grasses + chicken manure (3:1)• Sawdust (kusot) + ipil-ipil (3:1)• Compost / rice straw + corn barn
(1:1)• Cardboard and paper pulp
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Substrate combinations used by other vermi growers• Hog Manure + Chopped Banana
Trunks• Goat Manure + Pre-decomposed
Rice Straw• Mix Market Wastes + Horse
Manure• Goat Manure + Pre-decomposed
Rice Straw• Chicken Droppings + Paper Mill
and Fiber Sludge• Horse Manure + Sugarcane
Trimmings • Water Hyacinths + Cattle Manure • Fruits & Vegetables Peelings + Hog
Manure
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SUBSTRATES MUST BE TREATED 21 DAYS BEFORE FEEDING TO
THE WORMS TO AVOID SWARMING
1. DELGRO IMO – 1 LITER /TON2. DELGRO VERMI SOLUTION -
250ML + IMO 250ML + 16 LITERS WATER APPLY EVERY FEEDING.
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After 21 days of treatment, substrates can be shredded before introducing to the worms so, they can easily digest it.
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Anaerobic Decomposition (10-15 days)
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Aerobic Decomposition (30-45 days)
Paglalagay ng mga bulati sa
wormbed pagkalipas ng 15 araw para
kainin ang mga
substrates
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MGA PESTE SA BULATI
Ang mga sumusunod ang ilan sa madalas na peste at sakit na mararanasan. Ibon at manok Langam o anay Daga Linta Palaka Japanese beetle Kamaru (cricket) Bug Centipede Mites
Japanese Beetle o White Grubs
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Karne, manok, isdaButo ng hayopLahat ng klase ng itlogKeso at produktong gawa sa gatasMantekilya, margarine at langisMayonnaise at salad dressingPeanut butterMay kulay at makintab na papelPinong karayom at balat ng punoSariwang damo
IWASAN SA LALAGYAN NG BULATI
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INDICATORS OF SYSTEM STRESSWorm activityOxygenTemperature
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HARVEST O
PAG-AANI
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Ang pag-ani ng bulati karaniwang ginagawa para ibenta, sa halip na magsimula uli ng bago. Sa loob ng 30-45 araw, ang sapin ay magiging maitim, amoy lupa; ang mga nabulok ay kadalasang kulay tsokolate.
Huwag basain ang lalagyan o worm bed 1 linggo bago anihin ang mga bulati para sa gayon madali ang paghiwalay ng compost sa bulati.
Bago anihin dapat meron nang panibagong lalagyan ang mga bulati. Gawin ito 2 linggo bago anihin para may sapat na panahon mabulok ang mga materyales.
Pag inilipat ang bulati sa bagong worm bed kailangan meron kasamang compost mula sa dating lagayan nila at dahan-dahan ipatong ang mga bulati sa ibabaw ng mga materyales. Kung maaari i-puwesto sila sa isang kanto lamang. Kusa lilipat ang mga bulati sa iba’t ibang lugar ng lalagyan.
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1. GAMIT ANG MGA KAMAY
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Paraan pag-ani ng Vermicast Granules. The moisture level is maintained 60-75%
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lilipat
2. MIGRATION
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3. GAMIT ANG MEKANISMO
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AUTOMATED WORM HARVESTER
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4. PYRAMID OF EGYPT
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Maglagay ng isang dakot na vermicompost sa palad. Pigain ito sa palad hanggang maging parang bola;
Ibukas ang palad at obserbahan:
Kung nakati ito ng dalawa o tatlo; ang vermicompost ay 30% ang basaKung buhaghag ito; ang vermicompost ay mas mababa sa 30% ang basaKung may bakas ang kamay sa vermicompost at hindi nabasag; ang vermicompost ay may mahigit na 30% na basa
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BUHAY NG BULATI
• Sa isang ektarya ng lupa, may higit sa isang milyong bulati.• Gaano katagal silang mabubuhay? Anim na taon.• Ang ibang uri ay nabubuhay ng sampung taon.• Gumagawa ang mga bulati ng ‘cocoon’ o lalagyan ng itlog
kung saan ang itlog ay mapipisa. • Pagpisa ay 3 linggo hanggang 5 buwan depende sa uri.• Makakagawa ng 80 ‘cocoon’ kada taon o 240 maliit na
bulati.• Depende sa uri ang mga bulati na malalim ang pinagmulan
ay makakagawa ng kaunti na ligtas sa mga sasalakay.
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PAGPAPARAMI
Bawat bulati ay may parte sa katawan ng pagpaparami tulad ng babae at lalaki. Kapag ang bulati ay nahikayat at naghanap ng angkop na kasama, sila ay magtatabi na ang mga ulo ay nakaturo sa magkasalungat na direksyon, ididikit ang katawan sa isa’t isa na madulas ang katawan at magdedeposito ng semilya sa mga butas sa katawan ng kanilang kasama.
Pagkatapos ng kanilang ginawa na tumatagal ng isang oras, pareho silang gagawa ng maliit na ‘cocoon’ sa pamamagitan ng semilya ng kasama at ng kanilang itlog. Magtatapos ang semilya at itlog sa loob ng ‘cocoon’. Pagkalipas ng ilang linggo ay lalabas sa ‘cocoon’ ang ilang bulati. Sa pangkalahatan, ang mga bulati ay malakas ang semilya o itlog habang hindi pa nakakakita ng kasama.
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Juveniles (Young) and Adult
Breeder (1-3 grams)
Cocoons (eggs)
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Life Cycle of the ANC Earthworms
Mating or self
fertilization
Pagpisa 1-3 bulati
Pag-itlog ng bulati kada ika-7 araw pagkatapos ng mating na tumatagal 1-7 oras, at sa loob ng 48 oras mabubuntis na naman sya dapat, ang itlog ng bulati ay mapipisa sa loob ng 21 araw matapos maiitlog.
Temp: 25°C (0-35°C)
Moisture: 80% (70-90%)
3.6 cocoons per week
Mating or self-fertilization
Cocoon
Matured ANC
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
LEGEND:
Paglalagay ng mga Breeder sa worm bedsPagtiyak ng tamang moisture ng worm beds kada ika-3 na araw at monitoring ng pestePag-itlog ng mga bulati kada ika-7 arawPaghaharvest ng mga breeder at pagtiyak ng earation sa worm beds at upang mamonitor kung may mga peste sa mga bulatiPagpisa ng mga itlog ng mga bulati kada ika-21 arawPaglalagay ng mga hinarvest na breeder sa inihandang panibagong worm bedsTatlong araw na preparasyon para sa paghahanda ng mga panibagong dagdag na
mga worm bedsPaghihiwalay ng mga matured at batang bulati sa Vermicompost
MGA
GAWAIN
ARAW
45 Araw na Progreso sa
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SCHEDPRODSTOCKNGDATE
AGEMONTHS
BIOMASS(KGS)
FLOOR AREA (SQM)
CARBON
NITROGEN
TOTALDAILY
MONTHLY
VERMI CASTING YIELD
MONTHLY
AUG 0 10 2 7.5 2.5 10 300 150
SEPT-OCT
2 20 2 15 5 20 600 300
NOV-DEC
4 40 4 30 10 40 1200 600
JAN-FEB 6 80 8 60 20 80 2400 1200
MAR-APR
8 160 16 120 40 160 4800 2400
MAY-JUN 10 320 32 240 80 320 9600 4800
JUL-AUG 12 640 64 480 160 640 19200 9600
FEEDSTOCK CONSUMPTION
VERMI COMPOSTING PROJECTIONS (PARAMETERS AND STOCKING DENSITY)
INITIAL STOCK MINIMUM: 5 KGS/SQ MMAXIMUM DENSITY: 10 KGS/SQ MFEEDSTOCK CONSUMPTION RATIO (BIOMASS : FEEDSTOCK) 1:1POPULATION (BIOMASS INCREASE) DOUBLE EVERY 2 MONTHSVERMI CASTING YIELD OUTPUT = 50%
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CROP TOTAL QUANTITY NEEDED
TIME TO APPLY
Rice 1.5 tons/ha = (30 sacks) Half after last ploughing Half before flowering stage
Corn, sugarcane, cotton, sunflower
2 tons/ha = (40 sacks) Half during last ploughing & half before flowering stage, vermitea monthly
Leafy vegetable 1 ton/ha = (20 sacks) At planting only, vermitea weekly
Fruit vegetables: tomato, eggplant, pepper, etc.
3 tons/ha = (60 sacks) 1 ton at planting & 1 ton per month, last application before flowering, vermitea weekly
Root crops: sweet potato, white potato, radish, carrots, etc.
2 tons/ha At planting only
Legumes: mungbean, soybean, peanut, pole sitaw, etc.
1.5 tons/ha At planting only
APPLICATION OF VERMICOMPOST FERTILIZER TO VARIOUS CROPS
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CROP TOTAL QUANTITY NEEDED
TIME TO APPLY
Ornamental plants 0.5 kg/pot/application At planting time & before flowering, vermitea monthly
Orchids Vermitea only
Turf (bermuda,fairways only)
1 ton/ha/application At planting, twice a year
Large Tree Application: Mango, coconut, lanzones, rambutan, pommelo, durian, mangosteen & other large fruit trees
5 kg/tree/application 3-5 years old, twice a year before flowering & after rainy season, vermitea twice monthly
10 kg/tree/application 6-9 years old, twice a year before flowering & after rainy season, vermitea twice monthly
20 kg/tree/application Trees more than 10 years old, twice a year before flowering & after rainy season, vermitea twice monthly
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CROP TOTAL QUANTITY NEEDED
TIME TO APPLY
Small Tree Application: Kalamansi, sintunis, guava, etc.
2 kg/tree/application At planting time & before flowering in 1-2 year old trees, vermitea twice monthly
3 kg/tree/application 3 year old tree, vermitea twice monthly
Forest Trees 2 kg/tree/application At planting time for 1-2 year old trees
3 kg/tree/application For 3 year old trees, twice a year
Source: Application table courtesy of Kahariam and Felicidad Orchard Farms
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Maraming salamat po!
"Ang lupa ang pakainin, hindi ang halaman. Pakainin ang lupa at ang lupa
ang magpapakain sa halaman".