Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
-
Upload
beverly-paman -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
0
Transcript of Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
1/29
MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Verghese_AFRL101906-1
S. Verghese 101906
A!alanche "hoto#io#es $or %-&LA&AR an# 'o(()nications*
S. Verghese
*This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard under the Department of the Air Force
contract number FA!"#$%&$'$%%%" pinions interpretations conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not
necessarily endorsed by the +nited States Go,ernment
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
2/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+S. Verghese 101906
,ey Technical 'ontrib)tors
• In" A"&s
• 'MS RI'
,. A. McIntosh . ". &onnelly /. ,. &)err &. '. aley
. M. S(ith L. . Mahoney ". I. 2o3(an '. Vineis
,. /. ensen ,. M. Mol!ar . A!ersa S. 2. ro!es
. M. Mahan 4.-L. Lia) '. &. "arer A. 5a3oleoneF. . &onnell M. ". ,esler /. A. &a)ler ,. 'arbonari
T. . McI!er ". 'ha3ni . /. F)n S. A. 2a(ilton
L. Rether$or# . La(bert &. 'ha3(an &. '. Sha!er
/. . )ellette &. M. 'ohen . ". Frechette '. 5. Ste!enson
. 7. lettler 7. F. A)ll M. Ren8i S. Verghese
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
3/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-%S. Verghese 101906
eiger-Mo#e "hoton-to-&igital 'on!ersion
• Single-3hoton sensiti!ity• Lo: #ar-co)nt rate• All-#igital rea#o)t circ)it• 'o(3act an# lo: 3o:er • S)b-ns ti(ing
APD
Digital
timingcircuit
&igitally enco#e#
3hoton ti(e-sta(3
3hoton
"i;el circ)it
"olyi(i#e
3assi!ation
< µ(LensletArray
InP APDArray
CMOSROIC
I n " S ) b s t r a t e
I n a A s "
a b s o r b e r
I n
" ( ) l t i 3 l i e r
In" A"&
&e!ice "ro$ile
Photons
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
4/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-<S. Verghese 101906
In" A!alanche "hoto#io#es
• Intro#)ction
• A33lications
• A"& Fig)res o$ Merit
• Rea#-)t Integrate# 'irc)it =RI'>
• S)((ary
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
5/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-?S. Verghese 101906
ISA@ Short-range %-& LA&AR i(aging*
rganicAir Vehicle
• Locate and identifyobscured targets withingiven area of 20 x 20 m
• Use angular diversity tomaximize penetration of
foliage• Register and visualizedata
• ID target from single pass
=100-( altit)#e>
"hase 1 AV
La#ar Syste(
Mass 0.%< g
Vol)(e % liters
"o:er ? @
*Slide courtesy Dr. Rich Marino
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
6/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-6S. Verghese 101906
RF &ee3-S3ace Lins are "o:er Li(ite#
5 e 3 t ) n
e
A r a n )
s
S a t ) r n
. ) 3 i t e r
" l ) t o/ Moon
#7 / Lin =R+>
0 10 +0 %0
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
7/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-BS. Verghese 101906
5 e 3 t ) n
e
A r a n )
s
S a t ) r n
. ) 3 i t e r
" l ) t o/ Moon
% 6 0 0 0 (
Ven)s
Merc)ryMars
< 0 0 (
i l l i o n (
?-( Recei!e A3ert)reD
2ale Telesco3e
0.%-( Trans(it A3ert)reD
Mars Teleco(()nications rbiter
Mars Laser 'o(()nications
&e(onstration
• 1.06µ
(D o3tical carrier
• ?-@ trans(it 3o:er
• &ata rates )3 to
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
8/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-CS. Verghese 101906
In" A!alanche "hoto#io#es
• Intro#)ction• A33lications
• A"& Fig)res o$ Merit
– "hoton &etection /$$iciency ="&/>
– Reset Ti(e
– &ar 'o)nt Rate =&'R>
• Rea#-)t Integrate# 'irc)it =RI'>
• S)((ary
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
9/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-9S. Verghese 101906
"&/ an# Reset Ti(e 1.06 µ( A"&s
2er(etic "acage
Fig)res o$ Merit
• "robability o$ &etection =
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
10/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-10S. Verghese 101906
101
10+
10%
10<
10?
-%
-+
-1
0
1;1 A"& array
+;+ A"& array
,28G
A"& 7locing Losses
Reset ti(e 1µs
&ar co)nt rate 10,28
Mitigating Reset-Ti(e 7lin#ing
+;+ Array
"hoton rate 3er
A"& re#)ce# by <
1 +
% <
10E signal loss $ro(
signal-$l); blocage
• III-V eiger-(o#e A"&s ()st rest a$ter $iring $or a hol#-o$$ ti(e =tho>D also calle# the Reset Ti(e.
• S3rea#ing the signal o!er (any 3i;els re#)ces the o##so$ a signal 3hoton striing a blin#e# 3i;el
• /li(inating the tra33e# carriers reH)ires #ra(atic(aterials i(3ro!e(ents
10 M28
thotho thotho
7rea#o:n !oltage
A"& $ire
V bias
thotho thotho
7rea#o:n !oltage
A"& $ire
V bias
7
l i n # e #
- b s e r ! i n g
A"& 3i;el + =ti(e-history>
Tra33e#'arriers
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
11/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-11S. Verghese 101906
2er(etic "acage
Fig)res o$ Merit
• "robability o$ &etection =
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
12/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1+S. Verghese 101906
%0 +? +0 1? 10 ? 00
?0
100
1?0
+00
+?0
%00
%?0
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
13/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1%S. Verghese 101906
10)(
10)(
C)(
C)(
1%)(
''S1%6 ''S19+ ''S+1< ''S+6C ''S+6C
1
10
100
1000
4.0V overbias
5.0V overbias
D C R (
! " #
Meas)re# Res)lts =1.06-)( A"&s>
ReH)ire(ents =J"&R> &'R "&/ Reset
7est &e!ice =ccs1%6>=10'D10)( #ia(eter>
6? 28
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
14/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1<S. Verghese 101906
A"& "er$or(ance =1.06 1.?? )(>/;3ecte#
5ear-ter(
AL
5ear-ter(
AL
an. +006 "er$or(ance
&'R N Reset 0.1+
4ero-bgn# 7locage -0.?
Microlens loss -1.? #7
&'R N Reset 0.0%
4ero-bgn# 7locage -0.1<
Microlens loss -1.? #7
Ob Fiber A(3li$ier co(3atible =λ 1.06 µ(>
"ara(eter ')rrent &e!ice"er$or(ance
'o((ents
"&/ =?V o!erbias>
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
15/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1?S. Verghese 101906
L&/S Recei!er Test 7e#
A!alanche "hoto#io#esSingle-3hoton arri!al ti(ing
Recei!er Sync 7oar#'loc synchroni8ation
Fra(e synchroni8ation
A"& RI' e()lation
Recei!er @orstation""M &e(o#)lation
T)rbo &eco#ing
&is3lay an# &iagnostics
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
16/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-16S. Verghese 101906
')rrent #e!elo3(ent in LA&AR A"&s
• Increase# Array Si8e
• Re#)ce# "i;el Si8e
• /nhance# "rocessingD
F)nctionality
• S3ectral 'o!erage
Metric ReH)ire(ent
• ni$or(ity+?6;6
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
17/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1BS. Verghese 101906
In" A!alanche "hoto#io#es
• Intro#)ction• A33lications
• A"& Fig)res o$ Merit
– "hoton &etection /$$iciency ="&/>
– Reset Ti(e
– &ar 'o)nt Rate =&'R>
• Rea#-)t Integrate# 'irc)it =RI'>
• S)((ary
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
18/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-1CS. Verghese 101906
%& La#ar I(aging at 1.06 µ(
• 1.06
- b s e r ! i n g = K
1 ) s >
= R a n g e a t e >
% + ; % + M - A " & A r r a y 1
+
%
< A r r a
y R e a # o ) t
A r r a
y R e a # o ) t
7 l i n # e # = Q ? 0
) s >
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
19/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-19S. Verghese 101906
C ; C M - A " & A r r a y
1
+
%
<
Laser 'o(()nications at 1.06 µ(
• 1.06 µ( Ob-#o3e# $iber a(3li$ier • InaAs"In" A"&s on 'MS
Mars Laser'o(
• All 3i;els ar(e# asynchronously • 100E #)ty cycle
- b s e r ! i n g
MTMLT
=cancelle#>
L&/S
3tical
&o:nlin
Laser'o( Array 'once3t
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
20/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+0S. Verghese 101906
1 + % < ? 6 B C
1
6 l a n e s J ? 1 + M b s
Fra(e-Store
'loc en
C;C Array
TS_'L,
1+C-?1+ M28 'L,&iags
C l a n e s J 1 + C - ? 1 + M b s
Mars Laser'o( RI' 7loc &iagra(
• Single-cloc in3)t =TS_'L,>• Mo#est area an# 3o:er cons)(3tion• ser $rien#ly =F"A co(3atibleD sel$-testD etc>
• Ar( an# #isar( A"&• Recor# ti(e o$ 3hoton arri!al• Recor# location o$ 3hoton arri!al
RI' ReH)ire(ents &esign )i#elines
APD
Digitaltimingcircuit
/nco#e#3hoton
arri!al ti(e
Lensletarray
RI' "i;el 'irc)it
APDarray
CMOSROIC
Photons
~ 2 Vpp
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
21/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+1S. Verghese 101906
1 + % < ? 6 B C
1 6 l a n e s J ? 1 +
M b s
Fra(e-Store
'loc en
C;C Array
TS_'L,
1+C-?1+ M28 'L,&iags
C l a n e s J 1 + C - ? 1 + M b s
Mars Laser'o( Rea#-)t I'
• Mates to C;C In" A"& array• Re!+ chi3 o3erating in test-be#
"i;el 'ell Layo)t
&e$inition o$ 'hi3 Architect)re
@a$er-"robe Test Str)ct)res
ML'& RI' Mirrore# 'o3y
0.%?-)( 'MS Fab
Teste# on Logic Analy8er at %11 M28
"acaging an# Test Veri$ication =an 0?> Si()lations an# Layo)t
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+1
"i;el B
(S)C/
R%S%(C M28 =#eri!e# on-chi3 $ro( TS_'L,>
6++ M28 =o$$-chi3>
6%
00000010
&ata $$
'hi3
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+0
"i;el 6
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+0
"i;el C
(
S
)
C
/
0
(
S
)
C
/
0
(
S
)
C
/
0
B bits :i#e
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+1
"i;el B
(S)C/
R%S%(C M28 =#eri!e# on-chi3 $ro( TS_'L,>
6++ M28 =o$$-chi3>
6%
00000010
&ata $$
'hi3
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+0
"i;el 6
D'(') D'(')+
R
%
S
%
(
RR,-S) RR,-S)+0
"i;el C
(
S
)
C
/
0
(
S
)
C
/
0
(
S
)
C
/
0
B bits :i#e
'once3t $or Asynchrono)s A"& "i;els =an 0
7 O " A S S
/ &
7 O " A S S
/ &
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
22/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-++S. Verghese 101906
"acage# Laser'o( RI'
Al)(ina Inter3oser Al)(ina Inter3oser
'MS RI''MS RI'
"acage =li# re(o!e#>"acage =li# re(o!e#>
0
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
23/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+%S. Verghese 101906
Micro Lens Array Align(ent
• A"& acti!e area =s(all 10 )( #ia(.>
• &e(onstrate# K +)( align(ent error
• S)b(icron align(ent in #e!elo3(ent
1?0 )( 1?0 )(
1 0 0
) (
3 i t c h
a" In"
n1
n+
1?0 )( 1?0 )(
1 0 0
) (
3 i t c h
a" In"
n1
n+
a" Lens
R ay - t r ac e
"hoto
Absorber
In" A"&APDarray
CMOSROIC
Lenslet array C;C 100-µ( 3itch
'MS RI''MS RI'
Al)(ina Inter3oser Al)(ina Inter3oser
A"& :ith )-lensA"& :ith )-lens
Acti!e Align(ent
&io#es
Acti!e Align(ent
&io#es I;y8-stageA"&
)-lens
1.06< )( colli(ate#
so)rce
I
;y8-stageA"&
)-lens
1.06< )( colli(ate#
so)rce
Acti!e Align(ent $or Lo: Loss
Microlens-Align(ent 'hallenge
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
24/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+<S. Verghese 101906
"acage $or Mars Laser'o( RI'
• MITLL #esignU ,yocera $ab
• 2er(etic :ith integrate# T/'
• B0 high-s3ee# 3ins =K 6 28si()late#>
')@ 2eat sin
7e8el
Al)(ina
A"&RI'
,o!ar
2o)sing
C0E Ar +0E2e
Sa33hire @in#o:
T/'
MLA
2eat sin attache# to col#
3late thro)gh col# stra3
')@ 2eat sin
7e8el
Al)(ina
A"&RI'
,o!ar
2o)sing
C0E Ar +0E2e
Sa33hire @in#o:
T/'
MLA
')@ 2eat sin
7e8el
Al)(ina
A"&RI'
,o!ar
2o)sing
C0E Ar +0E2e
Sa33hire @in#o:
T/'
MLA
2eat sin attache# to col#
3late thro)gh col# stra3
,o!ar
ho)sing
'era(ic
3acage')@
heatsin
,yocera =160 "A> ML'& "acage : Re!+ RI' A"&
160-3in "in-ri#-Array "acage
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
25/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+?S. Verghese 101906
')rrent &e!elo3(ent in A"& Rea#-)t I's
10 28 100 28 1000 28
"i;el re$resh rate or "RF =28>
A r r a y s i 8 e = 3 i ; e l s >
100
1000
10D000
100D000
%+;%+
1+C;%+
+?6;6<
C;C
S&_%+;%+
1 0 9 3 h o t o n s s e c
1 0 B 3 h o t o n s s e c
1 0 ? 3 h s e c
S a t ) r a t i o n F l ) ; L 1 0 1 1 3 h o t o n s s e c
5b5
• Lo: "RF =KK 1 M28> – 2igh 3ea 3o:er
– 7acgro)n# reWection
– Large 3i;el co)nt
– Most LA&AR a33lications
• 2igh "RF =Q 1 M28> – A!erage 3o:er =energy on
target>
– Mo#est bacgro)n# reWection
– S(aller 3i;el co)nt
– Most Laser'o( a33lications
"RF ")lse Re3etition FreH)ency
RI' Rea#-)t Integrate# 'irc)it
T:o styles o$ RI' #esign
Fabricate# RI'
"lanne# RI'
Ma33ing LA&ARMa33ing LA&AR
ther LA&ARther LA&AR
Laser'o(Laser'o(
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
26/29
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
27/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+BS. Verghese 101906
In" A"&s S)((ary
• @e b)ilt an# #e(onstrate# integrate# In" A"& arrays $orLaser'o( an# LA&AR
– InaAs"In" $or 1.06-)( :a!elength
– InaAs $or 1.??-)( :a!elength =less (at)re>
• ')rrent $oc)s – Increasing "hoton &etection /$$iciency
– &ecreasing &ar 'o)nt Rate
• 2ybri#-asse(bly o$ In" arrays :ith Si 'MS enables – 2igh $ill-$actor 3hoton co)nters =)3 to
– 'o(3actD lo:-3o:er sensor =3l)gs into a 3c boar#>
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
28/29
-
8/9/2019 Verghese APD for 3D Cleared
29/29
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryVerghese_AFRL101906-+9S V h 101906
Recei!er &e!elo3(ent /;a(3le =Mars'o(>
"hysics
Syste( Analysis
Mars
InaAs
ro:th
In" :a$er
$abrication
A"& #esign
(o#eling
ML'& "rogra( $$ice
'an#ellD 7orosonL&/S
1.06-)( test-be#
1.??-)( test-be#
@a$er-3robe
"acageD Test
'MSD "'7
M a r s L a s e r ' o ( L
& / S
&i!C
C%
C%
&i!6D9
2o3(anD 2a(ilton
&)errD McIntoshD 2o3(an
S(ith&onnelly
/3i Ven#or
"hoto#io#e
Ven#or
'ontract M$g
Syste( Integrator
In#)stryMIT-LL
aleyD Vineis