VERB PATTERN

• The verb patterns are dependent upon the first verb. There are several different types of pattern.

• Sometimes in a sentence, one verb follows another.For example:-They want to buy a book about verb pattern.The first verb is 'want', the second verb is 'buy'.

What is a verb pattern?

What is a verb?

• A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English.

• In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.

• The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity.

VERB - overview

• Verb can be classified into two types:- Finite Verb- Non-finite Verb• Verbs are a class of words used to show the

performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject.

• To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

Verb

Finite

Tense

Voice

Its subject

Helping Verb

Non-finite (function as..)

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Preposition

Finite Verb

What are finite verbs?

• A finite verb is a verb which has a subject and shows tense.Ex: Nana lives in Thailand. [I is the subject, lives describes what the subject does – lives is a finite verb]• In short, it is a verb being a verb (i.e., a doing verb) as

opposed to a non-finite verb (verbal)• Finite verbs are the locus of grammatical information of

gender, person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and/or voice.

• Finite verbs show TENSE and VOICE• 24 Types of TENSE- 12 are in active voice- 12 are in passive voice

Finite VERB

A verb that depends on:

Voice

Its subject

The tense

Helping Verb

For examples:• Sarah told me her secret. (For

active voice)

• I was told about this matter many times. (For passive voice)

Limited by Voice

For examples:• Eye goes to work by car every day. (Singular)

• Many people like going abroad. (Plural)

Limited by its subject

For examples:• I am not playing game, but I am doing

homework.(V.ing - Present continuous tense)

• They have just finished their work.(V.3 - Present perfect tense)

Limited by the Tense

Things to observe:→ Each verb has its subject→ The form of the verb depends on its subject→ Each verb is limited by number, person of the subject and its tense

For examples;- She was playing football.- They are talking in the room.

A finite verb is generally expected to have a subject.

• For examples:- He painted the fence.[In this example, painted is a finite verb]

- I was excited about moving to Thailand.[In this example, was is a finite verb]

- Everyone wanted to go to the amusement park, but we only had four tickets.

[In this example, wanted is a finite verb]

2 TYPES of finite verbs1. Main verbs• Action verb-Intransitive Verbs-Transitive Verbs• Linking Verb

2. Helping Verbs• Main Helping Verb• Modal Verb

Main Verb

1. Action Verb

• An action verb shows action.• It tells what the subject of the sentence doesEx. Bill hit the ball.

• 2 TYPES-Transitive Verbs -Intransitive Verbs→ Express an action passes from → Express an action of the the subject to an object subject without an objectEx: Jan greeted the visitors. Ex: The train stopped.

2. Linking Verb

- A linking verb connects the subject with a word that gives information about the subject

- Also referred to as copulas or copular verbs- Variously called "copulative," "equative," "intensive"

or "linking" verbs."- Common Linking Verb:Ex: am, is, was, been, seems, feels• The most common linking verbs are forms of "to be,"

"to become" and "to seem.“

• These types of verbs:→ Show a relationship between the subject and the part of the sentence following the verb→ Connect or link the subject with more information (words that further identify or describe the subject)→ Identify a relationship or existing condition

Ex: The eggs smell rotten. All the kittens were playful.

2. Linking Verb (cont.)

The different between linking verbs and verbs of perception!

• A linking verb is a copular (or copulative) verb. It is a verb that connects words or clauses linked in sense or connecting a subject to the part of the sentence following the verb

• Verbs of perception are different. These verbs pertain to the senses: see, hear, smell, taste, and feel as well as variants like watch and listen.

Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb)

• Helps a main verb; comes before the main verb

• 2 TYPES1) Main helping verb (Primary Auxiliary Verb)Ex. V. to be, V. to do, V. to have

2) Modal verbs + V.infEx. Can, could, may, might + V.inf

• There are 23 helping verbs (auxiliary verbs). They are always followed by a finite verb.

1. Main Helping verbs (Primary auxiliary verb)

-Verb to be, Verb to do, Verb to have-In making a sentenceFor continuous tense; use be+V.ingFor perfect tense; use have+V.3For passive voice; use be+V.3

2. Modal Verb (Secondary auxiliary verb)

-Give an additional information about something-For examples: can, could, ought to, would, etc.

-It can be used to express: Obligation, Suggestion, Give an advice, etc.

The best way to find a finite verb is by eliminating it as a non-finite verb.

• So, checked:- Is it being used as a noun?- Is it preceded by to?- Is it being used as an adjective?

Non-Finite Verb

Definition• Non-finite verb is also known as a verbal is

the term used to describe a verb that is not showing tense.

Infinitive

• The infinitive is the base form of a verb.

• 2 Types ; 1. Infinitive with to ( to inf.) 2. Infinitive without to/ bare infinitive

Infinitive with to

• Structure : Subject + Verb + to infinitive Ex. I want to go to London.• Negative form of infinitive– formed by putting not in front of any form of

the infinitive. Ex. I decided not to go to London.• Common verbs followed by to infinitive– try, wait, decide, agree, want, ask, and etc.

Infinitive with to

• Function of Infinitive with too The to-infinitive as a nounEx. To forgive is to set a prisoner free.o Use as an adjectiveEx. This is the plan to follow.o Use as an adverbEx. The Advengers must reunite to stop Ultron.o put it after the Ordinal number or SuperlativeEx. Barack Obama is the first African-American to win the U.S. presidency.

Infinitive with to

• Structure : Subject + verb + object + to infinitive Ex. The doctor told me to give up smoking.

• Common verbs followed by to infinitive– advise, allow, ask, tell, instruct, get, etc.

Infinitive with to

• Function of Object + Infinitive with to ;o Use with Perfect or Past meaning and Past Unreal

→ to have + V.3 Ex. I expect to have baked oatmeal cookies by tonight. Ex. I meant to tidy up the house, but the guests arrive earlier.

Infinitive without to

• 3 TYPES- Helping verb (modal verb) + v.inf without to- Causative verb + something + v.inf without to- Verb of Perception

Helping Verb

• Also called Auxiliary Verb• Already mentioned

Causative verb + something + v.inf

HAVE, MAKE, LET, GET, HELP are called causative verbs because they cause something else to happen.• Have- This construction means give someone the responsibility to do something-ex. I have all my dishes washed.• Get- This construction means something is NEED to do-ex. You need to get your car fixed.

Causative verb + something + v.inf

• Make- This construction means to force someone to do something.-ex. She made her children do their homework.

• Let- This construction means to allow someone to do something.-ex. Karn let me drive her new car.

• HELP = Assist Someone In Doing Something

After “help”, you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct.BUT THEY DO HAVE THE DIFFERENT IN MEANING

Grammatical structure:- HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form) = directly doneEx: I help my mother wash a car - I wash a car by myself

- HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB (base form) = indirectly doneEx: I help my mother to wash a car - I do not wash the car by myself, I just help my mother to pick an equipment in order to help her wash the car easier.

Gerund

• is a term for a verb form that functions as a noun.• Function of Gerund- Subject- Object- Complement- Object of preposition

Verb of Perception

• Refer to those verbs which are used to talk about sensing:Ex. See/look/watch/notice/observe, hear/listen to, taste, smell, touch/feel, sense in general• Can be followed by:- VERB OF PERCEPTION + infinitive without toThe infinitive is used after these verbs when we want to say that we hear or see the whole of an action or eventEx. I saw him cross the road.- VERB OF PERCEPTION + -ing formThe –ing form is used to suggest that we hear an action or event in progress.Ex. I saw him crossing the road.

Gerund• Position of Gerund in the sentence→Gerund usually followed ;- Preposition Ex. I stopped the child from running into the street.- Verb (only some group that have to follow with V.ing)

avoid, begin, finish, keep, miss, practice, risk, start, stop, etc. Ex. Some people avoid confronting reality.- Some expressions = have fun, have a (adj.) time, have trouble, have

difficulty Ex. She had a hard time recollecting her childhood memories. The patient has trouble keeping his balance.

Gerund

• spend/waste + time/money + v.ing Ex. Girl waste so much money buying new clothes.

• sit/stand/lie + (place) + v.ing Ex. Eye is lying in bed wondering what she should do tomorrow.

• Reject/Deny + v.ing Ex. I deny spreading the rumor.

Used “To inf. or Gerund”?

• Some verb when followed by to.inf have the same meaning with verb that followed by gerund.

→ start, begin, continue, plan, propose, intend, neglect, dread, prefer, love, like, hate, can’t bear, can’t stand Ex. I prefer to stay home rather than go to school. I prefer staying home to going to school.• Some verb when followed by to.inf have different meaning

from verb that followed by gerund. Ex. I’m trying to cool down the room temperature I tried opening the window, but that didn’t help.

Participle

Present Participle

Past Participle

Perfect Participle

Active

Passive

Participle

Present Participle - V.ing

• Used in Continuous tense Ex. Students are painting the wall.

• Used when two actions occur at the same time Ex. Emma was doing ballet when she broke her ankle.

Participle

Past Participle - V.3

• Used in Past Participle Ex. The old building has collapsed.

• Used in Passive Voice Ex. A new strategy will be developed soon.

Participle

Perfect Participle - (Having + V.3 / Having been + V.3)

- indicates completed action. You form the perfect participle by putting the present participle having in front of the past participle.

Active voice → Having + V.3Ex. After he had gone through a rehab, he was no longer alcoholic.Change the sentence to → Having gone through a rehab, he was no longer alcoholic.Passive voice → Having been + V.3Ex. She trusted no one after she had been betrayed by her friend.Change the sentence to → Having been betrayed by her friend, she trust no one.

In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted verb is finite or non-finite.

• Tim gave Paul a menacing look.

• They have run away together.

• The dog will have to be trained well.

EXERCISES

Finite

Non-finite

Finite

• Fill in the blank → to inf. / -ing ?

1. I would like ________ outside. (go)

2. Julia wants __________ it with an English boy. (share)

3. He enjoys ________ on exotic holidays

EXERCISES

to go

to share

going

Thank youBy:

Pimpisa Phatrapunpong M.4/1 No.5Tanasorn Pajchim M.4/1 No.7