CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Millions of people travel every day. Going to work, school or just

going to the mall, whatever the reason is, travelling is a necessity for

us. Along with this, traffic has been a part of our daily lives especially

during peak hours. It has been the problem of the country since we

adapted to change and embraced modernization.

Traffic on roads are consist of pedestrians, vehicles, streetcars

and other conveyances while using the public way for purposes of

travel. The occurrence of traffic accidents has a big impact to the

community specifically in the safety of the motorists and passengers

as well as to our economy. Traffic is formally organized in many

jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges,

traffic signals, or signs.

Traffic and congestion has negative impacts to the community in

different aspects. Time of motorists and passengers are wasted. This

delay may result to the late arrival for employment, meetings and

education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action and personal

loses such as salary deduction for employees as well as the stress

brought by the delays. Traffic is also a hindrance during emergencies,

blocked traffic may interfereinthe passage of emergency vehicles

travelling to their destinations. The stopping and starting in traffic jams

burns fuel consumption that costs commuters additional money for

fuel. The emissions released by the vehicles during traffic and

congestion create air pollution which is a contributor in global

warming.

Traffic laws govern traffic and regulate vehicles. Organized traffic

generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic

control at intersections. Organized management in cooperation with

the drivers and passengers typically produces travel safety.

Under Republic Act.No.4136 known as the "Land Transportation

and Traffic Code."Section 2. This act shall control, as far as they apply,

the registration and operation of motor vehicles and the licensing of

owners, dealers, conductors, drivers, and similar matters. This act

intensifies the concern of the government to improve the traffic safety

as well as management in the country.

In Naga City, the Public Safety Office (PSO) is the local agency

which in charge of the transport and traffic. They implement the law

under 93-049 also known as “The Transport and Traffic Code of Naga

City.” It is an ordinance amending section 144, an ordinance governing

all vehicles and public conveyances in Naga City.

The transport department has been entrusted with the

responsibility of providing a smooth public transportation system on

roads. This department functions by implementing traffic rules and

regulations and then monitor and regulate the functioning of the

transport in the city.

Responsibilities for traffic management, however, should not just

be relied upon the government agencies but a collaborative effort

among the policy makers, implementers as well as the ordinary people,

even children in grade school to senior citizens. Every citizen has to be

educated about road traffic safety rules and signs that’s why Rep.

Narciso D. Santiago III has filed House Bill 4745 which aims to have a

separate subject integrated in the grade school and high school

curricula that includes the teaching of road traffic safety rules and

signs since young people are the easiest to train.

Organized traffic management generally has well-established

priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. It

typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency.

Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic are road

construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. A complete

breakdown of organization may result in traffic congestion. To avoid

complete congestion, rules of the road and driving etiquette are the

general practices and procedures that road users should be followed.

These rules are applied to all road users.

The capacity of the researchers to look into the level of

information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga

City is completely significant to come up with an effective measure to

improve it.

Statement of the Problem

This study determined the problems encountered and the level

of implementation of the traffic rules and regulation as well as the

commonly committed traffic violation in Naga City, Calendar year

2013-2014. Specially is answered the following question.

1. What is the traffic accident statistic in Naga City?

2. What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and

regulation in Naga City?

3. What are the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga

City

4. What are the perceived problems encountered by the PSO

in implementing the traffic rules and regulation?

5. What measures can be proposed to improve the level of

implementation of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City?

Assumption

This study assumes that:

1. There is varied traffic accident committed in Naga City from

2013-2014.

2. The perception of the drivers on Traffic Rules and Regulation

are different from one another.

3. There are varied of traffic accident committed in Naga City.

4. There’s a lot of problem encountered by PSO in Implementing

traffic rules and regulation.

5. There are potential measures that can be instituted to improve

the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City.

Importance of the Study

This study is deemed important to the following:

Public Safety Office. This study will enable the PSO to become

more effective and efficient in disseminating the Traffic Rules and

Regulation to reduce traffic accidents and congestion.

Land Transportation Office. This study will give an insight to the

LTO an appropriate measure to utilize for the improvement of the

dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation.

Community. This will provide awareness to the community of the

level of the dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation and

encourage them to participate in increasing the level of information

dissemination to lessen traffic incidents.

Drivers. This will help them to realize the importance of Traffic

Rules and Regulation and be able to increase their cooperation for

their safety and for the passengers.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as basis for future

researchers to expound the level of dissemination of Traffic Rules and

Regulation and be able to arrive to a related variable to improve it.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is centred on the level of implementation of the Traffic

Rules and Regulation of the Public Safety Office in Naga City. There

were 84 personnel in the Public Safety Office; the researcher selected

the personnel who are the field of Traffic Management Section were

chosen to perceived the problems encountered by the agency in the

implementation of it. The researcher also randomly selected tricycle;

jeepney drivers and pedestrian were chosen as respondents to know

the level of implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation.

Definition of Terms

In order to have an understandable view of this study, following

terms are defined conceptually and operationally:

PSO Personnel. They are employees of Public Safety Office who

are responsible in the managing the road traffic system in Naga City.

They are contractual, regular, job order and casual employees.

Dissemination. The act of distribution and spreading the

knowledge on traffic rules and regulation.

Implementation.The process of putting into practice certain rules

and regulation.

Traffic Rules and Regulation. These are the guidelines to be

followed by motorists and pedestrians.

Congestion.The overcrowding of vehicles resulting to vehicle

jamming or traffic.

Traffic.A situation in which large numbers of road vehicles are

prevented from moving or proceeding to their destination freely.

Investigation .A comprehensiveinspection in order to determine

the facts about the present status of the level of information

dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation.

Drivers. This refers to an individual who operates a motor

vehicle.

Pedestrian. This term refers to the people walking along the

road.

Padjak. This refers to a three-wheeled vehicle used as a means of

transportation in some areas in Naga City.

Notes

Sigua, R. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, University of the

Philippines Press

Shopov, M. Assessment of Road Safety in the ASEAN REGION

Tolentino, Francis People Centric Intelligent Cities, Manila Bulletin

Lee, Morgan. The Effects of Traffic Congestion, Demand Media

www.wikipilipinas.com

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the literature and studies significant to

this study. The researchers conducted a thorough search in the

libraries to look for books, magazines, and newspapers to gather

related literature and studies connected to this study. This chapter

presents the theories used in the theoretical framework and also the

conceptual framework.

Causes of Traffic

Kerner wrote that uncontrolled traffic comes in the absence of

lane markings and traffic control signals. On roads without marked

lanes, drivers tend to keep to the appropriate side if the road is wide

enough. Drivers frequently overtake others. Obstructions are common.

Intersections that have no signals or signage, and a particular road at a

busy intersection may be dominant. In some places traffic volume is

consistently, extremely large, either during periods of time referred to

as rush hour. Exceptionally, traffic upstream of a vehicular collision or

an obstruction, such as construction, may also be constrained,

resulting in a traffic jam. Such dynamics in relation to traffic congestion

is known as traffic flow. Traffic engineers sometimes gauge the quality

of traffic flow in terms of level of service.

Based from a speech in Vienna Convention on Road Signs and

Signals. As a general rule, drivers are expected to avoid a collision with

another vehicle and pedestrians. In addition to the rules applicable by

default, traffic signs and traffic lights must be obeyed, and instructions

may be given by a police officer, either routinely or as road traffic

control around a construction zone, accident, or other road disruption.

Signs, signals, markings and other features are often used to make

priority explicit. When there are no signs or markings, different rules

are observed depending on the location. These default priority rules

differ between countries, and may even vary within countries. Trends

toward uniformity are exemplified at an international level by the,

which prescribes standardized traffic control devices (signs, signals,

and markings) for establishing the right of way where necessary.

Effects of Traffic Accidents and Congestion

Based from study conducted by UP Diliman (2012),, Traffic

congestion has cost the economy quite heavily in terms of the

slowdown in the movement of goods and delivery of services,

increased vehicle operating costs, and otherwise productive man-hours

consumed as travel time, which may be quantified. The daily strain on

the quality of life of the urban populace, including the labor force,

students, and other regular commuters, may be difficult to quantify but

they cannot be ignored. Moreover, the negative impact of traffic

congestion on public health and the environment is expected to

translate to economic costs in the long run. Therefore there is a need

to introduce more efficient alternative public transport modes to curb

the increasing number of private cars.

Lim-Quizon( 2003 )revealed in his study that numerous number

of death in the Philippines is attributed to road traffic accidents. This

problem of is expected to be more serious for the other types of

accidents, namely, injuries and property damage only accidents. The

record of road accident fatalities revealed different factors including

the low information dissemination of the traffic rules and regulation.

How to Reduce Traffic Accidents and Congestion

According to Sigua (2008 )traffic management is a term used to

embody the activities undertaken by a highway transportation agency

to improve roadway system safety, efficiency, and effectiveness for

both providers and consumers of transportation services. There are

two distinct types of traffic management. The first one utilizes

traditional traffic engineering tools or simple devices to regulate or

control traffic. The second relies more on advanced technology.

According to Derek Jensen,( 1995 )there are ten ways in reducing

traffic fatalities. These are:

a. Improve signage

Every motorist is trying to get somewhere, and many of them

aren't sure how to get there. While interstate signage is more or less

uniformly good in that it is more or less uniform, rural highway and

suburban signage is often quite poor.

b. Raise speed limits on safe roads

This would be cheap and effective. By and large, major

interstates are broad, well-maintained, smooth-flowing, and well-

marked. Raising the speed limit on these roads for cars in daytime and

good weather, would encourage motorists to leave dangerous back

roads where they know they can drive fast because of limited police

patrols. Moving traffic from back roads to major highways was a factor

in the decrease of traffic accidents.

c. Get drunk drivers off the road

Similarly cheap and similarly effective, discouraging people from

driving drunk or otherwise impaired is a proven method of reducing

traffic accidents.

d. Implement better roadway lighting

One major factor in motor accidents is poor visibility especially at

intersections, where most accidents occur. If more rural highway

intersections were lit, accidents at those intersections would go down.

Target intersections with a history of accidents first for best effect and

least cost.

e. Create more turn-only lanes

Every car that is stopped in the road to make a turn is an

accident waiting to happen. An impaired or inattentive driver colliding

with a car preparing for a turn is a major percentage of traffic

accidents. Turn-only lanes require little extra roadway but can reduce

accidents significantly, especially at intersections with poor visibility

for oncoming traffic.

f. Improve driving conditions

Bad weather always causes a spike in traffic accidents and the

cause often gets labelled as "driving too fast for conditions." State

transportation departments could greatly reduce accidents by

improving crumbling and pot-holed roads and clearing roads of debris,

snow, and ice more efficiently.

g. Eliminate stops

Highways are for driving. Any feature that brings all traffic from

70 MPH to 0 MPH is a 10-car pileup waiting to happen as well as a

woefully inefficient use of roadway. On urban and suburban roads,

creating better crosswalks with warning lights that pedestrians can

activate can reduce pedestrian traffic accidents significantly.

h. Create more divided highways

Any road in which a median separates oncoming lanes of traffic

is far safer than ordinary roads. It creates a barrier or buffer that goes

a long way toward keeping inattentive and impaired drivers from

drifting across the center line and creating a head-on collision, which is

nearly always fatal.

i. Redesign bad intersections

If a crosswalk or lighting doesn't do the trick, a troublesome

intersection may simply be designed badly. Paring back vegetation and

signage, changing the angle at which the roads meet, or creating a jug

handle or overpass are all options that can change the dynamics of

traffic at that intersection and save lives.

j. Redesign bad roads

Redesigned whenever there is an opportunity and when traffic

snarls and accidents make it urgent. Just designating a highway as a

limited-access highway can reduce suburban sprawl around them and

avoid the installation of stop lights.

  Improvements to vehicle safety, such as side-impact airbags,

would also help, but are hard to mandate. Teaching young people to

drive earlier using go-karts would also help by enabling them to better

understand the limits of traction and the need for attention to the road.

And vehicle safety inspections, although hard to implement, would

help to reduce dangerous highway breakdowns.

Wenzhe Chen (2012)emphasized that analysis for the road traffic

accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic

accidents. All types of traffic into the causes and recommends a

system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road

traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and

road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co-

ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road

traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of

road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties of a

traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the

dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident

the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution

psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic

accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the

second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black

spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce

pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural

ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious

ecological city transport network.

Dhilemon wrote that nowadays, the rate of road accidents keeps

increasing. This may be due to the increase in the number of people

using cars. This problem can be solved using three steps which are law

enforcement, education and by improving the road. Road accidents

can be reduced and solved by enforcing the law. The authorities should

make the traffic laws stricter. Punishment for those who disobeys the

traffic rule should be more threatening. The reason people keep

disobeying traffic rule is because they do not feel the punishment as a

threat. More policemen should be assigned for the enforcement of

these laws. Other than that, the infrastructure on the road can also be

improved. More overhead bridges should be built. Building overhead

bridges can reduce traffic jams thus reducing the risk of accidents.

Roads could be widened. Widening the roads can reduce traffic

congestion.

Francis Tolentino of Manila Bulletin wrote a news report that for

the improvement of traffic management in Manila the MMDA, the

agency primarily responsible in managing the daily concerns of the

metropolis, despite of the modest budget given to us every year, we

still manage to incorporate technology in our services which have

become integral to the daily lives of Metro Manilans. The goal of the

project is to create a people-centric metropolis to benefit as many

people possible through the use of technology that will eventually

result in the increased productivity, inclusivity, and resiliency of the

population. Cities around the world use technology to manage urban

congestion, maximize energy efficiency, enhance public security. The

MMDA launched the country’s first digitized traffic navigator in

partnership with a major TV network. This application provides users

with real time traffic information. Aside from it, it also provides

information of on-going construction activities, road accidents and

flooding that causes heavy traffic congestion in a particular area.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

This study is corresponding to the stated related literature and

studies because they gave stressed on the traffic rules and regulation

and suggestive measures in reducing traffic accidents and congestion

which composed of the study of Dhilemon, Sigua, Shapov, Francis

Tolentino, Wenzhe Chen and Derek Jensen.

The study of Sigua and Shappov pointed out the implementation

of the rules and regulation to make the traffic more organized. These

established direct contact to the driver and help making ride easy and

controlled by delivering information which complements the laws,

guiding directions, speed limits and parking zone.

According to Dhilemon he cited that road safety campaigns

should be organized. By organizing campaigns, the will participate

more and active thus providing them information on how important is

to obey traffic rules and safety.

Gap Bridged of this Study

This study wanted to create a progress in the level of information

dissemination of traffic rules and regulation by suggesting a program

that will enhance it to lessen traffic accidents and congestion.

This study also intended to boost the positive reception of the

community for the efforts of the PSO and the other traffic agencies in

improving the traffic management.

This study also searched for possible measures on the usual

problems encountered by the PSO in disseminating traffic rules and

regulation.

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework of the study is shown in Figure 1. This

study is associated with B.F. Skinner’s Behaviorism theory and Albert

Bandura’s social learning theory.

Behaviorism Theory

B. F.Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is

to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this

approach operant conditioning.

Skinner's theory of operant conditioning was based

onE.Thorndike ‘s theory known as the 'Law of Effect.Skinner introduced

a new term into the Law of Effect - Reinforcement. Behavior which is

reinforced tends to be repeated; behavior which is not reinforced tends

to die out-or be extinguished.

B.F. Skinner coined the term operant conditioning. It means

roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is

given after the desired response.

According to Skinner, positive reinforcement strengthens a

behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding.

The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer can also strengthen behavior.

This is known as negative reinforcement because it is the removal of

an adverse stimulus which is rewarding. Negative reinforcement

strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant

experience. Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement

since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than

increase it.

Like reinforcement, punishment can work either by directly

applying an unpleasant stimulus like a shock after a response or by

removing a potentially rewarding stimulus. There are different types of

positive reinforcements. Primary reinforcement is when a reward

strengths a behavior by itself. Secondary reinforcement is when

something strengthens a behavior because it leads to a primary

reinforce.

Social Learning Theory

In social cognitive/ learning theory of Albert Bandura, human

behavior is extensively motivated and regulated by the ongoing

exercise of self- influence. The major self- regulative mechanism

operates through three principal subfunctions. These include self-

monitoring of one’s behavior, its determinants and its effects;

judgment of one’s behavior in relation to personal standards and

environmental circumstances; and affective self- reaction. Self-

regulation also encompasses the self- efficacy mechanism, which plays

a central role in the exercise of personal agency by its strong impact

on thought, affect, motivation, and action. The same self-regulative

system is involvedin moral conduct.

In social learning system, new patterns of behavior can be

acquired through direct experience or by observing the behaviors of

others. The more rudimentary form of learning is rooted in direct

experience, is largely governed by the rewarding and punishing

consequences that follow any given action. People are repeatedly

confronted with situations wherein they must deal with. It commonly

believed that responses are automatically and unconsciously

strengthened by their immediate consequences. Simple performances

can be altered to some degree through reinforcement without

awareness of the relationship between one’s actions and their

outcomes. However, man’s cognitive skills enable him to profit more

extensively from experience than if he were an unthinking organism.

Within the framework of social learning theory, reinforcement primarily

serves informative functions although it also has response-

strengthening capabilities.

As used in this study,negative reinforcement strengthens

behavior. Traffic rules and regulation are implemented to avoid traffic

accidents and congestion. People are ought to follow these rules or

else they will be consequences for the violations they will commit. As a

result, for them not to do such consequences, they will follow the rules

and regulations mandated by the law. Another thing is positive

reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence to

an individual who finds it rewarding and as for the Public Safety Office

personnel, it is their duty disseminate traffic rules and regulations.

Good implementation of traffic rules and regulation and high level of

information dissemination will reduce traffic accident and congestion.

This will be rewarding on their part and they will continue to effectively

do their job.

People learn by direct experience or by social observation as

stated in Albert Bandura’s theory. Drivers and Traffic enforcers learn

the causes of congestion and traffic accidents through direct

experience in driving and observation of what things are needed to

avoid such results. Following rules or disregarding it may cause

responses in punishing or rewarding way.

These theories gave the researchers the ideas to come up with a

theory about the level of information dissemination of the traffic rules

and regulation.

Behaviorism Theory

(B. F Skinner)(1905)

Positive and Negative Reinforcement

Level of implementation of traffic rules and

regulation in Naga City

Participation in the suggested implementing measures to

improve the level of

implementation of traffic rules and

regulation

Social Learning Theory

(Albert Bandura)(1977)

Direct experience and Social Observation

Figure.1

THEORETICAL PARADIGM

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework present the analytical tool used in the

study and shows the possible result of this study.

Input This study seeks to identify the level of information

dissemination of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City. There are

some factors that the researchers thought of in order to attain the

objective. One of these is the identification of the level of information

dissemination of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City to lessen

traffic accidents and congestion. Next is how the drivers see the traffic

rules and regulation. And lastly is the identification of problems

encountered of the PSO in implementing the traffic rules and

regulation.

Process The procedure startedwith a letter sent to the head of the

PSO for the approval of conducting the study, followed by gathering

the data using a questionnaire, observations and unstructured

interviews. Gathered information was calculated through percentage

technique and weighted mean. The data gathered was interpreted.

Output The result of the interpreted data was used to arrive to a

suggestive measure will be given to improve the implementation of

traffic rules and regulation

Input Process

Output1. The level of

information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation by the PSO

2. How drivers and pedestrian perceive the traffic rules and

1. Gathering of data

Questionnaire

Unstructured interview

Observation 2. Processing of

data Percentage

technique Weighted

mean3. Interpretation

Program that will improve the level of implementation

of Traffic Rules and Regulation in

Naga City

FEEDBACK

Figure 2

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

Notes

Sigua, R. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, University of the

Philippines Press

Shopov, M. Assessment of Road Safety in the ASEAN REGION

Sigua, R.Generation and dissemination of Traffic Information

University of the Philippines Press

Jensen, Derek ,How to Reduce Traffic Accidents

Tolentino, Francis People Centric Intelligent Cities, Manila Bulletin

UP Diliman, Economic Impact of Traffic Congestion in Metro

Manila

Lee, Morgan. The Effects of Traffic Congestion, Demand Media

www.albert.bandura.com

www.behaviorist.skinner

CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter presents the research methodology used in

this study.

Methods used

Descriptive method is used to interpret the data of this study.

Descriptive in the sense that the present condition related to the level

of information dissemination of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City

is presented in descriptive form.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the personnel of the Public

Safety Office of Naga City. There are 47 casual employees 3

contractual, 11 regular employees and 23 job order personnel in their

department. The researcher randomly selected 30 drivers which are 15

tricycle 15 jeepneydrivers and 15 pedestrians. All of these personnel

were selected as respondents to this study.

Table 1Distribution of the Study

Respondents Frequency PercentageCasual 47 37.30Regular 11 8.73

Job order 23 18.25Tricycle Driver 15 11.90Jeepney Driver 15 11.90

Pedestrians 15 11.90Total 126 100%

Procedure of Investigation

A letter was sent to seek for the approval of the head of the

Public Safety Office for the researchers to conduct the study. A

questionnaire was constructed by the researchers and given to the

respondents to answer. The researchers were not able to conduct a

sampling procedure because of the insufficient time they have in

conducting the study. However, the distribution of questionnaire was

personally done by the researchers to retrieve the data immediately.

This gave the opportunity to the researchers to conduct an observation

and the unstructured interview to support the data from the

questionnaires. The questionnaires were gathered to get the result of

the procedure. The result was treated and interpreted with an

appropriate statistical tool.

Data Gathering Tools

There were three tools used the data gathering. These are the

questionnaire, observation and unconstructed interview.

Questionnaire. This primary tool in data gathering asked for the

level of information dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation.

Observation. This method was used to study and take note of the

physical and mental behavior of the respondents.

Unstructured Interview. These were the attention-grabbing facts

that were used by the researchers to supplement the data from the

questionnaire.

Statistical Tool

There were two statistical tool used in this study, the percentage

technique, and the weighted mean.

Percentage Technique. The frequency of each item is multiplied

by 100 and then divided by the total number of respondents. The

formula is:

P= f X 100n

where:

P= is the percentage

f= is the frequency

n= is the total number of respondents

Weighted Mean. This tool was used to find out the level of

information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation through

the responses of the respondentsThe formula is:

MW= ∑fxnwhere:

MW= is the weighted mean

∑= is the summation

f= frequency

x= is the total number of the responses

n=is the total number of respondents

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the result of this study, as well as the

interpretation derived from the products of the document analysis,

questionnaire, to the respondents.

Profile of Traffic Accident in Naga City

Table 2

“Vehicular Incident in Naga City C/Y 2013-2014”

PeriodBarangay

2013 2014 Total

% R

Frq % Frq %

Pacol 58 17.42 36 9.78 94 13.41

1

San Felipe 34 10.21 28 7.61 62 8.84 2Concepcion Pequeña 19 5.71 40 10.87 59 8.42 3

Carolina 22 6.60 29 7.88 51 7.28 4.5Concepcion Grande 20 6.06 31 8.42 51 7.28 4.5

Cararayan 20 6.06 30 8.15 50 7.13 6

Bagumbayan Sur 21 6.31 21 5.71 42 6.10 7Del Rosario 20 6.06 17 4.62 37 5.28 8Peñafrancia 22 6.61 10 2.72 32 4.56 9

Mabolo 12 3.60 17 4.62 29 4.14 10Balatas 13 3.90 13 3.53 26 3.71 11Tabuco 13 3.90 8 2.17 21 3.00 12

Panicuason 4 1.20 13 3.52 17 2.42 13Dayangdang 9 2.70 6 1.63 15 2.14 14

Abella 4 1.20 10 2.72 14 2.01 15Sta. Cruz 4 1.20 8 2.17 12 1.71 16.

5Liboton 3 0.90 9 2.45 12 1.71 16.

5San Insidro 5 1.50 4 1.08 9 1.28 18.

5Trianglo 6 1.80 3 0.82 9 1.28 18.

5San Francisco 2 0.60 6 1.63 8 1.14 20

Calauag 7 2.10 0 0.00 7 1.00 21.5

Igualdad 2 0.60 5 1.36 7 1.00 21.5

Sabang 1 0.30 4 1.09 5 0.71 23.5

Tinago 2 0.60 3 0.82 5 0.71 23.5

Dinaga 1 0.30 3 0.82 4 0.57 25Lerma 0 0.00 2 0.54 2 0.28 26TOTAL 333 100 368 100 701 100

Pacol was the accident prone area in Naga City with ninety four

(94) vehicular accidents was recorder in the year 2013-2014 Pacol was

the upper barangay in Naga City with the percentage of thirteen point

forty one (13.41%). Bagumbayan Sur had also forty two (42) vehicular

accident was recorded with the percentage of six point ten (6.10%).

Del Rosario was also an upper barangay but less vehicular accident

was recorded than Pacol with thirty seven (37) with the percentage of

five point twenty eight (5.28). Then Tinago, Dinaga and Lerma is the

least vehicular accident barangay in Naga City with almost five to two

were recorded traffic accident by the Public Safety office in Naga City.

Table 3

Level of Implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation

Indicators Tricycle

Jeep Pedes.

AWM

Inte.

R.

Driver’s License Suspension for serious offenders

3.17 3.90 3.33 3.47 VSI 1

Penalties for Traffic Offenders

3.07 3.57 3.07 3.24 SI 2

Alcohol Breathalyzer test

3.17 3.33 3.2 3.23 SI 3

Enforcing Speed Limits

3.10 3.20 3.33 3.21 SI 4

Bicycle lanes 3.20 3.40 2.93 3.18 SI 5Enforcing tail gating 3.00 2.83 3.53 3.12 SI 6Pedestrian path 2.97 3.17 3.13 3.09 SI 7Mandatory headlights 3.07 3.23 2.93 3.08 SI 8Mandatory helmets 2.93 3.40 3.06 3.03 SI 9

Children’s seat 2.93 2.70 3.13 2.92 SI 10Traffic lights for pedestrian crossing

2.80 2.20 3.06 2.69 SI 11

Total 3.04 3.18 3.15 3.12 SILegend: 3.26-4.00 Very Strictly Implemented (VSI) - 2.51- 3.25 Strictly Implemented (SI) - 1.76- 2.50 Less Implemented (LI) - 1.00- 1.75 Least Implemented (LtI)

Table 3.This table shows the level of implementation of traffic

rules and regulation in Naga City as perceived by selected tricycle,

jeepney drivers and pedestrian which is always in the road of Naga.

Driver’s license suspension for serious offenders was top among this

rules and regulation with three point forty seven (3.47) which is very

strictly implemented. Children seat’s in naga city is strictly

implemented with the rank of 10 with awm of two point ninety two

(2.92). Traffic light for pedestrians crossing was last among the rules

and regulation implemented in Naga City as perceived by the selected

tricycle, jeepney drivers and pedestrian of Naga with the awm of two

point sixty nine which is Strictly Implemented by the PSO.

Table 4

Commonly Committed Traffic Violations in Naga City C/Y 2013

Common Violation Frq. % RankDriving without license 213 12.39 1

Expired license 154 8.96 2Illegal Parking 151 8.78 3

Loading/Unloading 145 8.44 4No crash helmet 140 8.14 5No ID/Expired ID 138 8.03 6

Noncompliance to traffic rules 137 7.97 7Student Permit 135 7.85 8Unregistered

trimobile/padyak/bicycle130 7.56 9

Wearing of slippers/short/sando 129 7.50 10Wheel clamp ordinance

(Motorcycle)126 7.33 11

Wheel clamp ordinance (4 wheels) 121 7.04 12Total 1719 100%

Table 4. This table shows the commonly committed traffic violation in

Naga City in the year 2013. Driving without license were top among the

violation committed with two hundred thirteen were recorded by the public

safety office of naga city with percentage of twelve point thirty nine and

driving with the expired license which is second to the common traffic

violation committed in naga city with almost one hundred fifty four violator

drive a vehicle with expired license with the percentage of eight point ninety

six and the violation of wheel clamp ordinance for motorcycle is the latter

violation committed in naga city with nearly one twenty six driver park

illegally in the city of naga and also wheel clamp for the 4 wheels vehicle with

almost one twenty one cars violated the wheel clamp ordinance here in naga

city.

Table 5

Commonly Committed Traffic Violations in Naga City C/Y 2014

Common Violation Frq. % RankExpired license 220 12.63 1

Driving without license 193 11.06 2No crash helmet 186 10.68 3

Loading/Unloading 175 10.05 4Student Permit 168 9.64 5

No ID/Expired ID 161 9.24 6Noncompliance to traffic rules 153 8.78 7

Illegal Parking 146 8.38 8Unregistered

trimobile/padyak/bicycle132 7.58 9

Wheel clamp ordinance (4 wheels) 113 6.49 11Wheel clamp ordinance

(Motorcycle)95 5.45 12

Total 1742 100%

Table 5. This table show the common traffic violation committed

in naga city. Expired license was top among the violation committed in

naga city with almost two hundred twenty (220) was recorded by the

Public Safety Office of Naga with twelve point sixty three and driving

with student license was on rank five in the common traffic violation

committed in naga city with one hundred sixty eight (168) with nine

point sixty four (9.64) and Wheel clamp ordinance in motorcycle was

last among the traffic violation committed in naga city with 95

motorcycle violated this ordinance with percentage of five point forty

five.

Problems encountered by PSO in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation

The next table presents the problems encountered by the PSO

Naga City in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulations in Naga

City.

Table 5

Problems encountered by PSO in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation

Problems encountered by PSO WM Interpretation RankLack of personnel 3.80 VSP 1

Insufficient trainings and seminarsfor personnel

3.10 SI 2

Not enough Road signs and signals

2.75 SI 3

Lack of trainings and seminars for drivers and pedestrians.

2.65 SI 4

Inadequate road space especiallyduring peak hours .

2.12 LI 5

Total 2.88 SILegend:

3.26-4.00 Very Serious Problem (VSP) 2.51- 3.25 Serious (S) 1.76- 2.50 Less Serious (LS) 1.00- 1.75 Least Serious (LtS)

The table revealed that the problem on lack of personnel ranked

first with the weighted mean of 3.80 and interpreted as very serious.

Insufficient trainings and seminars for personnel ranked second with

weighted mean of 3.10 and interpreted as serious. Not enough Road

signs and signals ranked third with the weighted mean of 2.75 and

interpreted as serious. Lack of trainings and seminars for drivers and

pedestrians ranked fourth with the weighted mean of 2.65 and

interpreted as serious. Inadequate road space especially during peak

hours ranked fifth with the weighted mean of 2.12 and interpreted as

moderately serious. The researchers deduce from the results that the

PSO has serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and

Regulation in Naga City with 2.88 weighted mean.

Wenzhe Chen emphasized that analysis for the road traffic

accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic

accidents. All types of traffic into the causes and recommends a

system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road

traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and

road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co-

ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road

traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of

road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties of a

traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the

dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident

the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution

psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic

accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the

second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black

spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce

pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural

ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious

ecological city transport network.

Measures that can be constituted to improve the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City

The researchers recommend the following: (1) The Public Safety Office

as the agency which is in charge of implementing the Traffic Rules and

Regulation in Naga City should have a strong collaboration through an

open communication with other agencies such as Land Transportation

Office and the Department of Public Ways and Highways along with the

Local Government of Naga City. (2) the Local Government should

provide support in implementing the Trafic Rules and Regulation by

giving out funds for hiring qualified traffic enforcer and identify those

personnel who are involve in bribery and give them the proper

sanction to strengthen the manpower of the agency. (3) The PSO along

with the Local Government should work together with the Department

of Education to include in their lesson information about Traffic Rules

and Regulation.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: TRAFFIC RULES AND ROAD SAFETY

THEME: Driver Enhancement Program

PROPONENT: RUSTY REMOROZA

KIMUEL PONTANILLA

DHAN ANTHONY PALLES

MC KEVIN PUSO

TARGET PARTICIPANTS : Selected Public Utility Vehicle Driver

EXPECTED PARTICIPANTS: 40

VENUE: Naga College Foundation

BUDGET: P 1,450.00

This seminar is designed to inform the Public Safety Office about

the result of the study conducted by the researcher.

The research titled “Traffic Rules And Regulation Implementation

In Naga City ”, made by proponent revealed that based on the findings

it was conclude that the Public Safety Office had a very serious

problem encountered in their implementation of traffic rules and

regulation which indicates that these areas should be given additional

attention to address these problem.

This finding was based on the analyzed date of the questionnaire

given to the respondent. The researcher recommends that coordinates

with the BFP to conduct firefighting tactics to the volunteer fire brigade

of Naga City.

I – DISCUSSION

Safety measure in Naga City has been organized for giving

protection to the people for the purpose of safety. Certain practices

such as road safety, incident stabilization and property conservation,

while others, such as defensive driving such as when a human life is at

stake an interior attack is mandated and Dependent on jurisdiction,

driver age, road type and vehicle type, motor vehicle drivers may be

required to pass a driving test (public transport and goods vehicle

drivers may need additional training and licensing), conform

to restrictions on driving after consuming alcohol or various drugs,

comply with restrictions on use of mobile phones, be covered

by compulsory insurance, wear seat belts and comply with

certain speed limits. Motorcycle riders may additionally be compelled

to wear a motorcycle helmet.

II – OBJECTIVE:

This seminar aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of Public

Utility Driver and how to respond follow the traffic rules and regulation

without prejudice.

III – EXPECTED OUTPUT

At the end of the seminar the participants are expected to be

able:

1. Follow the traffic rule and regulation implemented in Naga City

2. Can inform his/her family about the traffic rule and regulation

here in Naga City.

IV – METHODOLOGY

All topics will be presented and discussed

III – PROGRAM “Fire Run”

TIME ACTIVITY PERSON INVOLVED7:00 – 8:00 Registration Kimuel Pontanilla8:00 – 9:00 Opening Program

InvocationNational Anthem

Welcome and Opening Remars

Dhan Anthony Palles

9:00 – 10:00 Key note Address: Mr. Nicasio Garcia

Traffic Rules and Regulation

10:00 – 10:30 Snack10:30 – 11:30 Open Forum Mr. Nicasio Garcia and

Participants11:30 – 12:00 Closing program and

closing remarksAwarding of

Certificates of Appreciation and

Participation

Dr. Marilyn F. Balares

IV – BUDGETARY REQUIRMENT

PARTICULA

R

UNIT UNIT COST NO. of UNITS AMOUNT

Streamers Pieces 250.00 1 250.00

Certificates Copies 50 41 500.00

Plaque Speakers 200 1 200.00

Token Speakers 200 1 200.00

Snacks Speaker and

Participants

30 40 300

Total 1450.00

V – EVALUATION

Evaluation will be administered at the end of the seminar to

measure it effects

VI - RECOGNITION

Certification to the winner will be awarded to the participants.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMMENDATION

This chapter represents the summary of findings of this study

that arrived to the findings, conclusion and recommendation of the

researchers.

Summary

The researchers conducted the study to answer the following

specific questions: (1) What is the traffic accident profile in Naga City?

(2) What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in

Naga City? (3) What are the perceived problems encountered by the

PSO in implementing the traffic rules and regulation? (4) What

measures can be proposed to improve the level of implementation of

the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City?

Descriptive method is used in this study to interpret the data. It

is descriptive in the sense that the present condition related to the

level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City is

presented in descriptive form.

A questionnaire was constructed by the researchers and given to

the respondents to answer. The researchers were not able to conduct a

sampling procedure because of the insufficient time they have in

conducting the study. However, the distribution of questionnaire was

personally done by the researchers to retrieve the data immediately. It

gave the researchers the opportunity to conduct an observation and

the unstructured interview to support the data from the

questionnaires. The level of information dissemination and how drivers,

pedestrian perceived the traffic rules and regulation and the problems

encountered were treated with weighted mean. Percentage technique

was used to treat the data of the respondents. The findings were used

to draw measures that can be constituted to improve the

implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City

Problem 1.What is the traffic accident statistic in Naga City?

Finding

The study revaealed the findings that Pacol was the accident

prone area in Naga City with ninety four (94) vehicular accidents was

recorder in the year 2013-2014 Pacol was the upper barangay in Naga

City with the percentage of thirteen point forty one (13.41%).

Bagumbayan Sur had also forty two (42) vehicular accident was

recorded with the percentage of six point ten (6.10%). Del Rosario was

also an upper barangay but less vehicular accident was recorded than

Pacol with thirty seven (37) with the percentage of five point twenty

eight (5.28). Then Tinago, Dinaga and Lerma is the least vehicular

accident barangay in Naga City with almost five to two were recorded

traffic accident by the Public Safety office in Naga City.

Conclusion

Based on the finding we found out that Pacol is most accident

prone barangay in naga city therefore we conclude that PSO should

make a plan to address rampant of vehicular accident in barangay

pacol.

Recommendation

The researcher highly recommend that PSO should mandatory

inform or train the divers in defensive driving or safe driving to lessen

the Vehicular accident in Naga City.

Problem 2.What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and

regulation in Naga City?

Finding

The implemented rule and regulation in Naga City wherein

suspension of driver’s license for serious offenders (AWM 3.47).,

Mandatory headlight (AWM 3.08) and Mandatory helmets (AWM 3.03),

Children seats (AWM 2.92) and lastly Traffic light for pedestrian

crossing with the (AWM 2.69)

Conclusion

According to the finding we found out we conclude that Tricycle,

Jeepney Drivers in Naga City perceive the traffic rules and regulation

as moderately high. This confirmation that the PSO lack of efficiency on

how they are going to decrease traffic and congestion.

Recommendation

The researchers believe that to increase the knowledge of

drivers and pedestrian in traffic rules and regulation, the Public Safety

Office should be strict and firm in implementing it. Seminars for the

pedestrian and drivers will also be a great help to increase their

knowledge and at the same time their cooperation in reducing traffic

accidents and congestion.

Problem 3. What is the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga

City?

Finding

The table revealed the common traffic violation committed in

Naga City which is Driving without license, Noncompliance of traffic

rules, Student Permit, Wheel clamp ordinance (Motorcycle), Wheel

clamp ordinance (4 wheels).

Conclusion

The data revealed that there’s a lot of common traffic violation

committed in Naga City therefore the researcher concludes that PSO

make an strategic planned to lessen the committed traffic violation in

Naga City.

Recommendation

The researcher highly recommends that PSO should have a

campaign programed to inform the community about the Traffic Rules

and Regulation so that it can lessen the commission of the traffic

violation in Naga City

Problem 4. What are the problem encountered by PSO in

implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City?

Finding

The table revealed that the problem on lack of personnel ranked

first with the weighted mean of 3.80 and interpreted as very serious..

Lack of trainings and seminars for drivers and pedestrians ranked

fourth with the weighted mean of 2.65 and interpreted as serious.

Inadequate road space especially during peak hours ranked fifth with

the weighted mean of 2.12 and interpreted as moderately serious. The

researchers deduce from the results that the PSO has serious problems

in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City with 2.88

weighted mean.

Conclusion

The researchers conclude from the results that the PSO has

serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in

Naga City. They have insufficient number of personnel, and seminars

for them and for drivers and pedestrian.

Recommendation

Since the result of the findings shows that PSO has serious

problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga

City, they should increase the number of their personnel by hiring

qualified traffic officers. And before they will be on field work, they

should have undergone series of seminars and training and

assessment which are along with their field of work.

TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATION IMPLEMENTATION IN NAGA CITY

______________________________A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education

Naga College Foundation

Naga City

_________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

________________________________

By:

Rusty Remoroza

Kimuel Pontanilla

Dhan Anthony Palles

Mc Kevin Puso

2015