Vehicle Over Speed Detection on

Highways

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Introduction

Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for their vehicle. However, accidents keep occurring due to speed violations since the drivers tend to ignore their speedometers.

This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway.

The system displays the time taken by the vehicle in crossing this 100m distance from one pair to the other with a resolution of 0.01 second, from which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Block Diagram

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Hardware Requirements

• Transformer• Diodes• Capacitors• Resistors• LEDs• Timer• Decade Counter• IR LED• Photodiode• 7-Segment Display• Buzzer• Voltage Regulator• Nand gates

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

555 Timer

The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications

The 555 has three operating modes:

Monostable Mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

555 Timer

The 555 has three operating modes:

Astable - Free running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.

Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Internal Architecture of 555 timerPin Name Purpose

1 GND Ground, low level (0 V)

2 TRIG OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input falls below 1/3 VCC.

3 OUT This output is driven to +VCC or GND.

4 RESET A timing interval may be interrupted by driving this input to GND.

5 CTRL "Control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 VCC).

6 THR The interval ends when the voltage at THR is greater than at CTRL.

7 DIS Open collector output; may discharge a capacitor between intervals.

8 V+, VCC Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Internal Architecture of 555 timer

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

CD 4026

The count advances as the clock input becomes high (on the rising-edge).

The outputs a-g go high to light the appropriate segments of a common-cathode 7-segment display as the count advances.

The maximum output current is about 1mA with a 4.5V supply and 4mA with a 9V supply.

This is sufficient to directly drive many 7-segment LED displays.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Circuit Diagram

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Working Principle

The proposed system checks an over speeding vehicle or rash driving by calculating the speed of the passing vehicle using the time taken to travel between two set points (at a fixed distance).

A set point consists of a pair of sensors comprising an IR transmitter and an IR receiver and each pair is installed on either side of the road at a fixed distance. Speed limit is set by the police people who use the system depending upon the traffic at that location.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Working Principle

Time taken by a vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated by control circuit.

Based on that time, the system then calculates speed and displays it on a seven-segment display. Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the set speed limit, a buzzing sound alerts the police.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Formula to Calculate

Speed (kmph) = Distance/Time

Speed (kmph)= 0.001 km/(Reading*0.0001)/3600

Or, Reading (on display) = 36000/ Speed.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Application

It will maintain the Safety of Human life on the road.

It can also be used on the bridge for the control of speed.

It can be used on the highway, express highway.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

Conclusion

Since number of accidents on highways increases day by day so it is necessary to check speed of the vehicles on highways so as to remove accident cases and to provide a safe journey by controlling high speed of the vehicle. It also minimizes the difficulties of traffic police department and make ease to control the rash driving on highways. It will not only help to maintain the traffic rules but also reduces accidents. As circuit is compact & user friendly one man can handle the system efficiently.

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