Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe...
-
Upload
lance-cope -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe...
![Page 1: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VegetarianismVegetarianism
A Brief OverviewA Brief Overview
![Page 2: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
• Define vegetarianism and associated terms
• Describe benefits of vegetarian diet
• Discuss nutrients of concern in vegetarian diets
![Page 3: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vegetarian
• A general term used to describe people who exclude meat, poultry, fish, or other animal-derived foods from their diets.
• Vegetarians exhibit a wide diversity of dietary practices.
![Page 4: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History of Vegetarian• “Vegetarian” was coined in 1847 by
Vegetarian Society of United Kingdom.• The word “vegetarian” was derived
from the Latin word “vegetari” which means enliven.enliven.
• Vegetarianism dates to ancient history where philosophers and religious gurus asked followers to avoid a flesh diet to acknowledge the sacredness of life.
![Page 5: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
www.fda.gov
![Page 6: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why Vegetarianism?• Ecology – animal proteins require
more land, energy, and water– Enough grain/soybean to feed 1.3 billion– 2500 gal of water/# vs. 25 gal/# of
wheat
• Economics – plant foods less expensive
• Ethics – killing/confinement of animals
• Religious Beliefs
p. 378
![Page 7: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Will discuss only nutrition.
![Page 8: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Vegetarians
• Loacto-ovo: vegetarians who consume eggs, milk, and milk products
• Pesco: vegetarians who eat fish
• Vegans: vegetarians who rely exclusively on plant foods
p. 378
![Page 9: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Other Definitions
• Omnivores: people who have no formal restriction on the eating of any foods
• Macrobiotic diet: extremely restrictive diet limited to a few grains (brown rice, miso soup) and vegetables based on metaphysical beliefs
![Page 11: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
More Definitions
• Meat replacements: products made to look and taste like meat, fish, poultry
• Textured vegetable protein: processed soybeans used to make soy burgers, etc
• Tempeh: a fermented soybean food• Tofu: a curd made from
soybean; used in Asian & vegetarian dishes
![Page 12: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Benefits of Vegetarianism
• Obesity• Hypertension• Heart
Disease• Cancer• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis• Diverticular
Disease• Gallstones• Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Sabate, Forum of Nutrition, 56:218; 2003
Winston, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25:613; 2010
![Page 13: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Benefits of Vegetarianism
• Obesity– Vegetarians maintain lower, healthier
body weight than non-vegetarians– Lower weight correlates with high
intakes of fiber and low intakes of fatAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81:1267;2005
• Hypertension– Vegetarians have lower blood
pressure and lower rates of hypertension
– Other factors impact hypertensionNutrition Reviews, 63:1;2005
![Page 14: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Benefits of Vegetarianism
• Heart Disease – Incidence of heart disease much
lower– Higher intakes of fiber, antioxidants,
vitamins, phytochemicals, and fatsPublic Health Nutrition, 87:871;2004
• Cancer – Significantly lower rates of cancer– Ratio of vegetables to meat may be
most relevant dietary factor in prevention
Forum of Nutrition, 59:130;2006
![Page 15: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other Possible Benefits
• Vegetarianism may help in the prevention of the following:
• Diabetes• Osteoporosis• Diverticular Disease• Gallstones• Rheumatoid Arthritis
Leitzmann, Forum of Nutrition, 57:147; 2005
![Page 16: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nutrition Concerns
• Vitamin B12
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids• Vitamin D• Calcium• Iron• Zinc• Protein
![Page 17: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nutrition Concerns• Vitamin B12
– Found only in animal-derived foods– Need fortified sources (soy milk, cereal)– Small amount in tempeh but inactive
form– Small amount in seaweeds (nori,
chlorella) but possible iodine toxicity
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids– Found in fatty fish– Need flaxseed, walnuts
![Page 18: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nutrition Concerns• Vitamin D
– Need fortified foods if inadequate exposure to sunlight
– Important for infants, children, elderly
• Calcium– Lacto-ovo vegetarians similar to
omnivores– Vegans need fortified juices, soy milk,
and breakfast cereals– Important for children
![Page 19: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nutrition Concerns• Iron
– RDA for iron higher for vegetarians because plant iron (non-heme iron) is not as well absorbed
– Body adjusts to absorb more plant iron– No more iron deficiency than
omnivores?
• Zinc– Plant zinc not well absorbed– Soy interferes with absorption
![Page 20: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nutrition Concerns• Protein
– Vegetarian diets are low in high quality proteins (those containing all of the essential amino acids)
– Use fortified meat replacements and textured vegetable proteins
– Use complementary proteins
![Page 21: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Complementary Proteins• Definition: The combination of
plant protein foods which when eaten together provide all the essential amino acids.
![Page 22: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vegetarian Diet Planning• The more restricted the vegetarian
diet is the greater the challenge is to achieve a nutritionally adequate diet.
• The goal for the vegetarian in diet planning is the same as the omnivore: consume a variety of foods to obtain all of the needed nutrients.
• Use the same diet planning principles.
![Page 23: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Use a Vegetarian Pyramid
Visit Vegetarian Resource Group
www.vrg.org
![Page 24: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
www.oldwayspt.org
![Page 25: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary• Vegetarians described by what is
omitted from the diet.• Wide diversity of dietary practices.• Several benefits to vegetarianism.• Some nutrient concerns.• Adequate dietary intake requires
diet planning.• Same diet planning principles as
omnivores used.
![Page 26: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
VegetarianismVegetarianism
THE END!THE END!
![Page 27: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Vegetarianism A Brief Overview. Objectives Define vegetarianism and associated terms Describe benefits of vegetarian diet Discuss nutrients of concern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551925da5503462f428b4c5f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)