VECTOR CONTROL

SERVING THE FOLLOWING MARKETS:

Parties Caterers Small

towns/cities Backyards/

homes Cabins Golf courses Resorts Campgrounds

Business facilities

Parks

Outdoor weddings

Church events

Ball parks

City/civic events

Theme parks

MOSQUITO AS VECTORSThese “vectors” are the #1 killers of

human beings throughout the world: Malaria – from Anopheles species Yellow Fever – from Aedes species Dengue – from Aedes spp. (recent

outbreak in Hawaii) Encephalitis diseases – many

kinds, including West Nile Virus – most species are capable of spreading it, but Culex is the most important in New Jersey

WEST NILE VIRUS

WEST NILE CASES

First detected in US in 1999 1999 62 cases of Severe WNV

7 deaths all in New York City area.

2000 21 cases 2 deaths all in NYC area.

2001 66 cases 9 deaths. 2003 9122 cases 223 deaths

nation wide.

WEST NILE VIRUS

The virus is stored in the mosquito’s salivary gland and is transmitted when the mosquito takes a blood meal.

As of January 2004 – 37 species of mosquitoes have tested positive for the WNV

WEST NILE HUMAN CASES3752 CASES IN 2007 ALONE

WEST NILE VIRUS

37 Mosquito Species can be infected with WNV.

Culex is primary vector (Southern House Mosquito) breeds in septic water. Not spread person to person or animal to

animal. Dead birds in area indicator (Jays &

Crows) 40-60% mortality. Sparrows are probably main transmitter as WNV propagates at high levels in blood

People over 50 highest risk of infection Most serious manifestation of WNV is

fatal encephalitis type (inflammation of the brain).

NEW JERSEY LICENSING

CATEGORY (8B) MOSQUITO ONLY CATEGORY THAT WILL

COVER APPLICATIONS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY

LIFE CYCLE

All mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis and have four distinct stages in their life cycle: Egg, larva, pupa and adult.

The eggs, larva and pupa life stages are all aquatic; the adults are terrestrial.

MOSQUITO BIOLOGY

MOSQUITO BIOLOGY

All mosquitoes must have water in which to complete their life cycle.

Mosquitoes never develop in grass or shrubbery, although the flying adults frequently rest there during daylight hours.

Only female mosquitoes feed on blood – males feed on nectar and other plant juices

Female mosquitoes may travel up to 30 miles from their breeding location

MOSQUITO BIOLOGY

Eggs laid directly on water usually hatch within 2 or 3 days

Eggs laid by the “tree hole” or “flood water” species – in pockets that will later fill with water – can survive up to 5 years without hatching if water is not present

MOSQUITO LAYING EGGS

MOSQUITO EGGS

When first deposited eggs are white; they become dark brown to black within an hour or two.

Shape varies, with most being football or boat shaped.

Species may be divided by where and how they lay their eggs.

MOSQUITO LARVAE

POOL OF LARVAE AND PUPA

LARVAE OR WIGGLERS

Growth and development phase. Head capsule equipped with a pair

of well developed biting jaws or mandibles.

Abdomen contains a siphon tube (for breathing) in most species. Larva will be seen near the surface of water with the breathing tube protruding.

Most feed on plankton, decaying organic matter, some are predaceous.

LARVAE

Development time varies by species, available food and temperature. May be as few as 5 days or as long as 30 days or even more.

PUPAL STAGE

Called tumblers, shaped like a comma

Non-feeding stage

When undisturbed congregate at surface of water.

Disturbed – tumble toward the bottom of pool.

PUPAL STAGE

Depending on spp and temperature, pupal stage may only last 1 or 2 days or up to 10 or more.

MOSQUITOES FOUND IN NEW JERSEY

AEDES AEGYPTI

AEDES AEGYPTI

AEDES AEGYPTI IS THE PRIMARY VECTOR OF HUMAN DENGUE FEVER AND YELLOW FEVER

SURVIVAL IS POOR IN HOT DRY CLIMATES

MEDIUM SIZED BLACKISH MOSQUITO

HAS SILVERY WHITE LYRE-SHAPED PATTERN ON SCALES

AEDES AEGYPTI

EGGS ARE DEPOSITED ON DAMP ARTIFICIAL CONTAINERS

ONE OF TOP PRODUCERS IN TIRE PILES OR CONTAINERS

EGGS CAN RESIST DESSICATION FOR UP TO ONE YEAR

EGGS HATCH WHEN FLOODED BY DEOXYGENATED WATER

LARVAE DEVELOP FROM EGG TO ADULT FROM 4-10 DAYS.

AEDES AEGYPTI

FOUND ABUNDANTLY IN TOWNS AND CITIES

EARLY MORNING OR LATE AFTERNOON FEEDERS

PREFERS HUMAN BLOOD OVER OTHER MAMMALS

WILL FREQUENTLY RESIDE INSIDE HOMES

DOES NOT SURVIVE FREEZING TEMPERATURES (EGG OR ADULT)

AEDES VEXANS

AEDES VEXANS

LAYS DESSICATION RESISTANT EGGS

PRIMARILY IN FRESH FLOODWATER GROUND DEPRESSIONS

CONSIDERED A FLOODWATER MOSQUITO

WILL OVERWINTER IN EGG FORM

AEDES VEXANS

RELYS ON SUMMER RAINS TO FLOOD LOW LYING GROUND DEPRESSIONS

GOES THROUGH ACCELERATED LARVAL DEVELOPMENT

CAN EMERGE AS AN ADULT 4-5 DAYS AFTER EGG HATCH

CULEX PIPIENS

CULEX PIPIENS

CONSIDERED THE HOUSE MOSQUITO OF THE USA

IS A LIGHT BROWN MOSQUITO WITH NO DISTINCTIVE MARKS

WILL BREED IN STORM DRAINS, POLLUTED POOLS, DITCHES, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS AND ANY POLLUTED BODY OF WATER

CULEX PIPIENS

Lays non-dessication resistant eggs

Must lay directly on water for eggs survival

Eggs hatch in 1-2 days Larvae thrive in polluted water

habitat Overwinters as a mated female Most common vector of St.

Louis

ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO

ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO

ALSO KNOWN AS AEDES ALBOPICTUS

WAS INTRODUCED INTO TEXAS IN 1985

WAS FOUND IN NJ IN 1995 KNOWN AS A CONTAINER

BREEDER LAYS DESSICATION RESISTANT

EGGS ON THE SIDE OF CONTAINERS

ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO

EASY TO IDENTIFY WITH WHITE STRIPES ON IT’S LEGS AND ABDOMEN

PREFERS TO BREED IN TIRES BUT WILL LAY EGGS IN ANY CONTAINER

IS A PEST TO HOMEOWNERS BECAUSE IT WILL FEED DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS AS WELL AS AT DUSK

BREEDING SITESMOSQUITOES FREQUENT

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

BREEDING SITES

MOSQUITO DEPRESSION

VECTOR EQUIPMENT

VECTOR EQUIPMENT

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Larvacides Adulticides Source Reduction Biological Controls Barrier Treatments

LARVACIDING WITH BTI’S

Used to treat the larval stage only

Liquid, granule/pellet form Bti – Bacillus thuringiensis

israelensis –great product Applied to water (breeding sites)

or anticipated wet areas Usually accomplished by public

entity Several treatments per season Will not get them all!

TEKNAR G (BTI)

LARVACIDING WITH ALTOSID

Altosid products are from Zoëcon Are effective on Larvae only Labeled for use in human drinking

water Very specific to mosquitoes Residual activity depends on the

formulation Some formulations penetrate

vegetation better than others

ALTOSID PRO G

ALTOSID PRO G

1 Teaspoon treats 50 square feet or 200 gallons

½ Teaspoon treats 25 square feet or 100 gallons

ADULTICIDING

Used to treat adult mosquitoes

Liquid, ULV, mist, fog or aerosol form

Usually applied in the early evening

Provides only temporary relief Very important part of IMM Will not get them all!

SOURCE REDUCTION

Can permanently impact control

Requires public education and cooperation

Environmentally sound approach

Will not get them all!

BARRIER TREATMENTS

Used in mosquito abatements Consists of focusing a residual

treatment to mosquito resting sites

Will not get them all!

BARRIER APPLICATION

For an effective barrier treatment you would treat any surface area that a mosquito would rest on - near the structure

Use Demand CS at 6 ml per 1000 sq. ft to treat with a hand tank or a power sprayer

Treat limbs of shade trees, flower beds, shrubs, tall grass and shaded areas around buildings where mosquitoes congregate

BARRIER APPLICATION SITE

BARRIER APPLICATION SITE

BARRIER CALCULATIONS

Barrier Work The following example will give 7 to

15 days of residual control depending on weather:

Yard Area: 100 ft wide by 100 deep = 10,000 sq

ft or .26 Acres

As much as 10 gallons of finished spray to

cover grass, foliage, trees, foundation, etc. using

manual backpack or motorized backpack sprayer

Typical Charge: Service Charge……..$50.00

1 cent /sq. ft………………….$100.00 (10,000 x .01)

TOTAL………………………… $150.00

CALCULATION EXAMPLE

Actual Costs of Application: Chemical: Demand CS (10 oz per 50 gallon..)…..

…… $37.50

average backyard (10 gallon or 2 oz demand cs /

gal).$7.50 (1/4

hour @$100 per hour)………………………………..

$25.00

TOTAL…………………………………………………….

. $32.50

THANK YOU !1-800-920-0906

www.njmosquitocontrol.comwww.actionpestcontrol.com