Vector Control On and Around Tallil Air Base, Iraq or The Indomitable Sand Fly MAJ Jennifer B. Caci...
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![Page 1: Vector Control On and Around Tallil Air Base, Iraq or The Indomitable Sand Fly MAJ Jennifer B. Caci Chief, ESD CHPPM-S.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/56649f175503460f94c2d948/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vector Control On and Around
Tallil Air Base, Iraq
or
The Indomitable Sand Fly
MAJ Jennifer B. Caci Chief, ESD
CHPPM-S
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Acknowledgements
“The 787th Spray Team”
Oge Bird
SSG Vitek
Garrett
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Background
April 2003- Potential for leishmaniasis at Tallil is realized, vector control team requested by 520th TAML; 787th spray team returns to Tallil
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Approx 15 miles
Initial Area of Operation
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The Initial Arsenal
Synthetic Pyrethroids
Demand CS Tempo WP D-phenothrin
Organophosphates
Dursban Malathion
Natural Pyrethrins
Pyronyl Oil (limited)
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Initial Application Methods
- Limited! 787th not an Ento detachment - two 2- gal hand held sprayers - two tempermental backpack sprayers - one Colt Hand Fogger (through mid-May) - one ULV from Camp Doha, Kuwait (repaired several times)
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Observations
- Sick call visits for bites continue to increase
- Biting is often worse after application of residuals
- Effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids questionable due to extreme weather conditions
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Observations cont’d
- Biting occurs in buildings and tentage alike
- Resistance could exist from years of agricultural pesticide use in the area
- Specifics regarding sand fly behavior unknown
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Additional Challenges
- Nets, DEET and permethrin are extremely limited and resupply is a nightmare
- Most units do not have treated uniforms
- Nets are not being utilized properly by those who have them
- Continually increasing temperatures
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Additional Challenges cont’d
- No vector control support to outlying areas
- Living quarters are extremely varied/ long hours in fighting positions
- Conditions for some are extremely austere; climate control rare at best
- Soldiers do not feel the effects of bites so do not use protection
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Remote Sites without PM Support
Approximately 130 miles North
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Additional Remote Sites
Approximately 150 miles South
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Remote Sites
Fuel Pipeline Pump Station #10 … as close to nowhere as I’ve ever
been
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Fighting Positions
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Sides rolled up on tents- treatment less effective
Living Arrangements
Sleep areas inside brick buildings/radio watch inside vehicle
Open doors, windows due to temperature
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What else could we do?
- Team up with Kellogg, Brown & Root pest control personnel- increase available pesticides and equipment
- Local purchase additional equipment (787th in Kuwait)
- Get PPM somehow and bring supplies to QM unit and outlying sites
- Employ newly arrived AF spray team
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What else could we do?
- Educate. Informal briefings; leish and bednet posters; distribute SF600s
- Use substitution, rotation, mosaic & mixture of pesticides
- Explain pesticide residual and importance of feedback
- Distribute leish cards to outlying sites and convoy support centers
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Commercial 2 gal sprayer
Preparing to head north with PPM
Chitty the “Bugmobile”
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Left-Sandfly Right-Mosquito
Preventive Measures
Avoid habitat (old buildings)Modify habitat (spray)
Permethrin treat mosquito nets
Permethrin treat uniformsUse Insect Repellant
First sandfly found on Tallil
Sandfly Feeding Stance
Size Comparison
Sandfly After a Blood Meal
Examples of Skin Lesions from Leishmania.
These can last for several months untreated.
Leishmania is a parasitic disease of white blood cells. There are two clinical forms: Cutaneous (skin) and Visceral (internal organs). There is no vaccine or preventative drug. There is an IV drug treatment (28 days) done at Walter Reed. The best way to protect yourself is to follow the Preventive Measures.
Leishmaniasis
Left-Sandfly Right- Mosquito
Education
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300 gallon sprayer
Residual application to trees
Brown & Root Contributions
Soaking suspected habitat
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Track Effectiveness/Longevity
DATE REQUESTED: __________ UNIT: _________ POC/PHONE: ____________________
TYPE OF STRUCTURE: _________________ TARGET PEST: ________________________
HAVE THE UNIFORMS BEEN TREATED YES NO.
DO ALL SOLDIERS HAVE BED NETTING YES NO.
HAS THE NETTING BEEN TREATED YES NO.
IS DEET AVAILABLE YES NO, ARE THE SOLDIERS UTILIZING IT YES NO
PERSON IN CHARGE OF TREATMENT: __________________________________________
DATE/TIME OF TREATMENT: ______________ CHEMICAL USED: __________________
% OF CONCENTRATION: ______ AMOUNT USED: _______ EPA REG #: _____________
SURFACE TREATED CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY: INTERIOR EXTERIOR
TENTAGE, BUILDINGS, VEGETATION, RUBBLE, BURROWS, LATRINES, SHOWERS
HOURS SPENT ON JOB: ____ # OF WORKERS PRESENT: ___ TOTAL MAN HRS: ______
LOCATION: GRID COORDINATE______________________________________
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Varied Use of Pesticides
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The Final ArsenalSynthetic Pyrethroids
Demand CS Demon WP (KBR) Tempo WP (AF & KBR) Scourge D-phenothrin Permethrin (UK) Talstar (KBR)
Organophosphates Carbamates
Dursban (AF) Ficam (KBR) Malathion
Sevin (AF)
Natural Pyrethrins
Pyronyl Oil
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Additional Application Methods
- 300 gallon sprayer for treating trees and soaking suspected breeding areas
- Dusting burrows with power duster
- AF Thermal Fogger
- Locally purchased Colt Hand Fogger and 2 gallon sprayers
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PM is everywhere!
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Recommendations
- Bring your own pesticides/PPM and lots of it
- Take extra DEET and permethrin on every mission
- Local purchase equipment to augment what you have on hand
- Educate at every opportunity, sometimes helps to scare people
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- Utilize all available resources- other services, contractors, coalition - we are one team
- Continuously gather information from your “customers”
- Know the impact of what you are fighting and share it with commanders
Recommendations cont’d
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- Do not limit yourself; research and utilize new ideas
- Communicate with your peers
- Proper use of uniform treatment kit, bed net and DEET should be a Skill Level 1 CTT task
Recommendations cont’d
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Conclusion
There is no point to the science if it does not reach the soldier.