Varroa Management Using Drone Brood...
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Varroa Management Using Drone Brood Removal
Bob KlossNorthwest New Jersey Beekeepers
AssociationMay 14, 2011
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Multifaceted approach to dealing with pests
• Integrate many different management techniques, including physical or mechanical, biological, chemical
• NOT eradication:
– Determine tolerable levels of pest populations and permit pests to exist below these levels
– Use the least invasive, injurious or toxic control methods first
• LOOK BEFORE YOU TREAT!Paraphrased from: Simone, Landi. "Integrated Pest Management.pdf." Integrated Pest Management. Essex County Beekeepers,
6/10/2009. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://www.ecbs.njbeekeepers.org/documents/IPM_American_Foulbrood_and_Varroa_Mites_by_Simone.pdf>.
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Varroa Life Cycle
From: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, (defra). "Managing Varroa." www.defra.gov.uk. Crown Copyright,
2005. Web. 11 May 2011. <https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/beebase/
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Varroa Facts
• Female mites prefer drone brood 10 to 1 over worker brood
• Varroa reproduces poorly in worker brood: 3 times more successful in drone brood
• Average number of female mites developing:– Worker cell: 2.2– Drone cell: 4.4
• Summer mites manage 2 reproductive cycles• Mites enter drone cells on days 8 & 9• At 5% drone brood, 50-60 drone cells produce
as many mites as 1,000 worker cells
Taken from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
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Bee Math
Caste Hatch Cap Emerge
Queen
3 ½ days
8 days
(+/- 1 day)
16 days
(+/- 1 day)
Laying
28 days
(+/- 5 days)
Worker
3 ½ days
9 days
(+/- 1 day)
20 days
(+/- 1 day)
Foraging
42 days
(+/- 7 days)
Drone 3 ½ days
10 days
(+/- 1 day)
24 days
(+/- 1 day)
Flying to
DCA
38 days
(+/- 5 days)
From: Bush, Michael. "Bee Math." www.bushfarms.com. Copyright Michael
Bush, 2006. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://www.bushfarms.com/beesmath.htm>.
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Drone Frames
Photos from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
Oliver Drone Trap FramePlastic Drone Trap Frame
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Using Drone Trap Frames
• Assume 2 deep brood boxes
• Week 1 – Place drone trap frame in bottom box, position 3 or 8
• Week 3 – Place drone trap frame in top box, position 3 or 8
• Week 5 – Remove drone frame & cut out drone pupae from bottom box; return frame to deep
• Week 7 – Remove drone frame & cut out drone pupae from top box; return frame to deep
• Repeat every two weeks
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When to Use
Treatment Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Screened Bottom Board
Drone Brood Removal
Artificial Swarm
Comb Trapping
Apiguard/formic acid
Bayvarol/Apistan
Lactic/oxalic acid
Table from: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, (defra). "Managing Varroa." www.defra.gov.uk. Crown
Copyright, 2005. Web. 11 May 2011. <https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/beebase/
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Drone Frames at 4 Weeks
Photos from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
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Removing Capped Brood
Photo from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
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Drone Frames - End of Season
Photo from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
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Benefits
• French study*: Drone trapping 4 times in a seasonreduced mites by 25%
– Honey production did not suffer
– Controlled swarming
• ‘Manage’ where the colony builds drone comb
* Cited in: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific Beekeeping.
Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-tactics-ii/>.
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Drawbacks
• Labor intensive
• Exerts constant selection against mites that preferdrone brood
– Need to breed for VSH behavior
• Don’t forget to remove the frames at 4 weeks or youwill be breeding mites!
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Other Benefits - Wax
Photo from: Oliver, Andy. "Biotechnical Methods ll - The One-Two Punch@ Scientific Beekeeping." Scientific
Beekeeping. Randy Oliver, 12/25/08. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://scientificbeekeeping.com/fighting-varroa-biotechnical-
tactics-ii/>.
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More Benefits - Bird Food
Photo courtesy of NWNJBA member Roger Gares