Micro-206 Mid Key (This is just a review by a student to memorize. You MUST have to consult notes)

Genera Species Characteristics Virulence Diseases Diag+Treatment Staphylococcus Gm +ve, tetrads

S.aureus GoldYell,coag +ve S.albus white

S.citrus lemon yell Coa–ve S.epidermidis

S.saprophyticus S.capitis,S.haemolytics

Micrococcus,Stomatococcus Alloiococcus otitidis

0.5-1um Non motile

Aerobic /fucl anaerobe

Cata+ve 10% NaCl 18-40C

Skin&Mucous membrane

1.Cell wall asso struc Pept.gly,caps,pro-A, Bound coagulase 2.E/c toxins Haemolysin,leukocidin Enterotoxin,TSST Exfoliation Toxin 3.E/C enz,s.kinase DNase,Phosphatase,lipase Phospholipase,hyaluronidase Serokinase,protease

Dog/Cat:Canine pyoderma:S.interm, Otitis externa:S.inte, Mastitis:S.inter Bovines:Mastitis:S. aureus+ other spp Pyemia f lambs:tick Equines:Mastitis:aur Pectoraelabcess:aure Sper cord:S.aureus Avian:Bumble foot

Diag:Aspirates of unopened lesions Milk,blood,urine Gm stn > +Ve Blood agar:Beta Toxins, Resis to: penG,Streptomy,tetra so fluoroquinolones Cephalosporins used

Streptococcus Beta-haemeolytic:clear zone S.pyogenes,S.equi,S.agalactiae alpha-Haemolytic:green zone S.pneumoniae,nonhaemolytic

Viridians streptococci Y/Non-haemolytic:S.faecalis

mostly non pathogenic

fucl anaerobes,LF cata-v,enrichment medium:bld,serum

capsulated,N-acetyl glucosamine,Nacetyl muramic Acid, 6.5%NaCl,40% bile

Structural: M.Protein Antibody pro to it:Normal E/C products: Erythrogenic toxins,streptolysin O&S, Streptokinase(fibrinolysin) DNase,Hyaluronidase

Dog/cat:S.canis 2ndry pneumonias

Ruminants:Mastitis: S.agal,S.dysgalactiae Equines:Strangles:

S.equi,Swines:servical lymphadenitis

CAMP(Christie,atkins Munch-peterson) factor test

Bacillus fucl an,15-40C,5% CO2,Serum agar

HCO3, Gm+, non-motile,rods with

squarends,spores,D-Glutamylpolypeptide

Protein para-crystalline (S-layer)

Capsule Lethal toxins:pX01> PA+LF,Edema toxin

pXO1>PA+EF S-layer>non patho

B.cereus: Emetic,secretory enterotoxin(HBL,NHE,T)

B.anthracis:ruminants High fvr,agalactia

Abortion.horses:Horse Colic & Diarrhea

Swine:lymphadenitis & ulcerative lesion B.cereus:bovine mastitis

Dia:blood,spleen Resis to:Quaternary ammonium disinfect phenolic+alcoholic, susceptible to:pen,

chloramphanicol,strp, tetra

Listeria L.monocytogenes,L.ivanovii, L.innocua,L.grayi,L.seeligeri,

L.welshimeri,

Fucl an,Gm+, 4-45C,30-37-best

Non Acid fast,Non-spor,motile@22C,

poor at 37,O-Ag wall Meso-diaminopimelic acid,tolerates pH 5.5-9.6,10%NaCl,40%bile

Adhesin(ActA),internalins, Haemolysin,listeriolysin O (major),phospholipases C

Septicaemia, Ruminanats:encepha-litis,abortion,conjuncti-vitis,CNS infection through Oral,nasal/ ocular mucosal surfaces,

Specimens:Spinal fluid,blood,brain

tissue,liver spleen, Abomasal fluid

CAMP+ Crossed streakedwithS.aureus

Antibiotics:Peni, Ampi,erythro,tetra,

Mycobacterium M.Tb>TB man, M.bovis,cattle

M.avium,

Rod 0.5um,Gm+,acid Fast+,auramine-

rhodamine stained, Resist discoloration

with 3% HCl,

Alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase,dimycolyl trehalose,iron acquisition pro(mycobactins,exochelins) Sulfolipids,PIM,surface mycosides

Cattle:resp infection Involving lymph nodes

& serous cavities, Horses;rarely,gross tumor

like lesions, Swine:alimentarycanal

Tracheobronchial & Gastric lavages,

Lymph nodes,thoracic abd respirates,urine

faeces,biopsy Streptomycin,iso-

Niazid,ethambutol, riphampin

Corynebacterium C.pseudotuberculosis Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,blood

/serum best,48hrs 35-37ºC,off- White,dull,faint hemolytic col, 1mm dia,hockey puck,cata+ve

Diphtheroid,0.5-0.3µ Non-acid fast,no

cap, Wall:gm+,DAP,arabi-nogalactin,mycolic

acid,high lipids

Cell wall:PS+Lipids, lipoteichoic acids,Pep-gly,

Exotoxins:PLD,serine protease,

Iron acquisition:fagA-D

Eq:Pectoral abcesses: pigeon fvr,brstbon fvr, Sheep&Goat:lymphad-

enitis,onion ring, cattle:skin+lym nod

Peni,eryth,chloram, Resistant to

aminoglycosides, Equin biotype:NO3+ Ovine biotype:NO3 -

C.renale Group

C.renale,C.cystidis,C.pilosum Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,non-hemolytic,opaque,off-white col, 48hrs at 37ºC,glucose:slowly Acidified,cata+, Renalin: +CAMP , Other species:Actinobaculum& C.auricanis(No Keypoints mentioned here,

As Above Adhesins:fibrillar(pilli,fimbr) C.Wall:As Above,

Urease:urea-NH3

NH3 initiates infl procs, Urine pH=9,Cattle: Bovine pyelonephritis ,thick bladder+uretral walls,distended ureters Small Rum:Pizzle rot Necrotizinginflammaofprepuce &adjacent issues

Diag:RBCs+9pH of urine,Christensens Urea agar slant:an Alkaline shift, Early stage: penicillin Ovine posthitis: surgical care, antiseptic,diet restrict, testosterone adminstrd

Actinomycetes

25 spp cata-ve (A.viscosus,A.caniscata+)Grwth chrctr:capnoophilic+fucl ana, Serum/blood,no on sabouraud

35-37C 48hrs, Found on oral mucosa,tooth

surfac,urinognital tract mucosa

Gm+,diphtheroids/fila 0.5um,C.wall:surface fibrils,adhesions,surfa

ce Ags,

Evoke pyogranulomatous reaction with unknown mechanisms,mononuclear infilterations+fibrosis Sinus tracts,Sulfur Granules

Rum:lumpy jaw (A.bovis,A.israelii)

Horses:Poll evil& Fistulous withers,cervi-cal lymphadenitis, Dog&Cat:serositidis Discospondylitis Swines:Mastitis, Pneumonia,abortion

Samples:aspirates from unopened lesion Sulfur Granules:yellow Particles,rosettes Treatment:peni+ami-noglycosides=bovine, Dog&cat:surgery

Nocardia 30 spp N.asteroides, N.abcessus, N.farcinica,

N.nova, N.transvalensis.

Gm+,DAP,mycolic acid

Arabinogalatin, Obligate

aer,sabouraud 10-50C,opaque

col,surface-waxy-powdery-velvety,dia-

cm

NO Exotoxin but Superoxide dismutase

sup-ox-dismutase+lysosomal enz-Survive within phagocytic

vacuoles,lipids-initiating granulomatous reac,

Suppurative process- granulomatous features

Rum:Mastitis,Bovine farcy,pneu,abor,ly.ad

Hor:nocardioform placentitis, Dog-cat:febrile illness, Pleuritis,empyema,diss- mination to organs,Mycetoma,

Dia:Granules:sometime Blood agar,37C

Dull opaque,waxy velvety,hard to dislodge

Cata+, trimethoprim-

sulfonamide therapy, resistant to

fluoroquinolones,

Dermatophilus D.congolensis Grwth chrctr:on blood&

infusion media,aer+capno, Hemolytic:waxy,viscous,whitish

gray-yellow,smooth-wrinkled Catalase,urease,protease:+

Motile coccoid zoospore

2um dia,C.wall:DAP, Lack glycin &

arabino-galactin

Patho:Exudativeepidermatitis, spores germination-inflam, scabs, non-epidermal-tongue,u.bladr,lymph nod,subcutis

Equine rain scald, Ovine strwbry foot rot,

Equine grease heel Lumpy wool

Dia:branching filamentsZoospore resembling cocci,blood agar 5-10%CO2

35-37C 48 hours- peniG,tetra,chloram,

Clostridium

C.perfringens(Type A to E) General Growth characters of all species:anaerobic envrmnt, 2-10%CO2,Complex media blood/serum,1-2days incubation Swarm across moist agar without forming colonies, Hemolysis shown

Gm+,spore forming,non Motile,encaps,anaerobe,

1.Adhesins:2fibronectin binding pro+collagen bind, 2.Capsule:wounds(gangrene) 3.Toxins: Cpa/Plc,Cpb,Cpb2, Etx,Itx,Col(kappa),Mu(Nag) Theta,Nan(Sialidase),hemolysin

Gas gangrene(Wound) Enterotoxemias Ent-A:gastritis,enteritis Hemolytic yellow lamb Disease,Ent-B:old wor-ld dis,lamb dysentry

Passive & Active immu, Dia:bloodagar=α-toxn Hemolysis,clotting milk Treat: bacterin+Toxoid Metronidazole, Macrolides,ampicillin

C.novyi(Type A,B,C) Non-encapsulated,Gm+, Motile,anaerobic,rod,spore

Exotoxins

1.α-toxin,2.β-toxin,-toxin

TypeA:gas gangrene of humans,wounds in

animals,big-head of rams, TypeB:black disease-sheep

cattle horses TypeC:Osteomyelitis of

water buffalo

Dia:Large Gm+-gram variable rods,spores

Identified by fluorescent

Nutritionally fastidious Treat:Prophylactic

vaccination,eliminating Flukes+other hepato-

pathogenic agents

C.haemolyticum Non-encap,motile,strict anaerobe,spores,resembles

C.novyi typeB

Toxin: Phospholipase C(β-toxin)-hemolytic crisis,

Liver infarcts,fever,pale Icteric mucous

membranes,anorexia agalactiahaemoglobin-, uria(red water disease)

Dia:Liver lesions,Gm stain,FAT,blood agar,

Treat:Broad spec antibio,antitoxins,blood

Transfusion,

C.chauvoei Gm+,motile,obligate anaerobic,rod,subterminal

or subcentral spores

Exotoxins:alpha,beta,gamma Delta(chauveolysin), Neuramninidase(sialidase)

α,,+Neuraminidase= initial lesions,Black-leg

(edema,hemorrhage, myofibrillar necrosis,

Dia:Gm+,FAT,media- Cystein & water

soluble Vitamins,Treat:peni I/V Cattle:3-6 months vacc

C.difficile Gm+,motile,encapsulated, Spore-forming anaerobic

rod,

Adhesins:pilli+fimbrae,cell wall protein>Cwp66 Capsule:CHO Capsule Toxins:A(enterotoxins), B(Cytolysin),ADP-ribosyltra- nsferase

Adhesion to mucous/epi Cells of LI,death of

cells,prostaglandins, Antibiotics & drugs associated diarrhea,

Dia:PCR,serology, Isolated CCFA medium

C.botulinum Gm+,spore-forming, Anaerobic rod,at pH near

or above neutral> subterminal oval spores

Toxin:Botulinum toxin(BoNT) zinc endopeptidase,C2 Toxin,C3 exoenzyme,

BoNT absorbed-blood-recptors-nerve cell-mucular

incoordination -recumbancy+Tongue extrusion+oral probs

Bird-Limberneck disease

Dia:plasma or tissue toxin,iso frm intestine,

feedstuff,stomach Treat:Antitoxin,toxoid

(ABCD,guanidine, Aminopyridine->Ach

C.tetani Swarming growth,CHO ferm, Proteolysis,indole production

Gm+,spore-forming, Anaerobic rod,spherical spores(drumstick,racket)

1.Tetanustoxin(tetanosapsmin) (TeNT)2.Tetanolysin Mortality at least 50%

(Hor,rum,swine):descending tetanus,bloat in rum,lock-jaw,sawhorse,tetanic spasm Carni:ascending

Dia:increased agar- Inhibits swarming,37C

4days,PCR Treat:Antitoxin,peni