VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca...

57
VANCOUVER’S GREEN ECONOMY Presented by: Bryan Buggey

Transcript of VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca...

Page 1: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

VANCOUVER’S GREEN ECONOMY

Presented by: Bryan Buggey

Page 2: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Seoul

VANCOUVER

Beijing

Tokyo

HELSINKI

Frankfurt

London

VANCOUVER:

Global Gateway

Page 3: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

VANCOUVER:

Natural & Cultural Competitive Advantages

Page 4: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Fastest Growing Economy in Canada (Conference Board of Canada)

3rd Most Livable City in the World (Consistently in the Top 3)

3rd Greenest City in the World (Soon to be #1)

$31.5B (US$) brand driven by a global reputation for sustainable and green leadership (Brand Finance 2015)

Page 5: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

24 Helsinki

25 Montreal

26 Seoul

27 Rome

28 Seattle

29 Brussels

30 Chicago

31 Osaka

32 Dubai

33 Cape Town

34 Los Angeles

35 Madrid

36 Milan

37 Rio de Janeiro

38 Kuala Lumpur

39 Dublin

40 Shanghai

41 Taipei

42 Sao Paulo

43 Santiago

44 Calgary

45 Lisbon

Sustainability

Siemens / EIU: Regional Green City Index

Liveability

Mercer: Quality of Life Survey

Finance

z/Yen: Global Financial Centres Index

Destination Power

International Congress and Convention Ass.

Brand

Reputation Institute: Global RepTrak®

$

Business Links

Globalization and World Cities

1 Sydney

2 Vienna

3 Zurich

4 Geneva

5 Vancouver

6 Toronto

7 Frankfurt

8 London

9 Stockholm

10 Singapore

11 Tokyo

12 New York City

13 Munich

14 Copenhagen

15 Oslo

16 San Francisco

17 Berlin

18 Boston

19 Melbourne

20 Amsterdam

21 Hong Kong

22 Paris

23 Washington DC

VANCOUVER:

Global Performance

Page 6: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

To position Vancouver as a

globally recognised city for

innovative, creative and

sustainable business

Page 7: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Sector Focus Areas

to have Vancouver globally recognized for

its ecosystem of INNOVATIVE

entrepreneurs, growing startups and

smart capital

to expand Vancouver’s leadership as a

global centre for the CREATIVE sector

digital entertainment and interactive

to secure Vancouver’s international

reputation as a mecca of SUSTAINABLE

enterprise

Page 8: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ECONOMY:

Business Ecosystem

Page 9: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

0

1

2

3

4

5

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1

Series 2

Series 3

GREEN BY DESIGN

Page 10: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ECONOMY:

Investments

SDTC: - $620m in pilot projects

Venture & Private Equity - 28% of national clentech

investments landing here

Looking Forward (national) - $2bn green bond program - $100m more for tech

incubators

Page 11: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Green Building

Transmission/Smart Grid Energy Generation Remediation/Water

Clean Transportation

GREEN ECONOMY:

Vancouver Cleantech Clusters

Page 12: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

12

GREENEST CITY ACTION PLAN 2020:

Be the greenest city in the world by 2020

Page 13: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREENEST CITY ACTION PLAN:

3 Themes & 10 Goal Areas & 15 Targets

Page 14: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

TALK GREEN VANCOUVER

Page 15: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREENEST CITY ACTION PLAN:

2010, 2015, and 2020 Levels

Page 16: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREENEST CITY ACTION PLAN:

2010, 2015, and 2020 Levels

Page 17: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s

international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS:

1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over 2010 levels

2. Double the number of companies that are actively engaged in greening their operations by 2020

TARGET #1

THE GREEN ECONOMY

VEC owned and driven

Double the number of green jobs by 2020

Double the number of businesses engaged in

greening their operations by 2020

Page 18: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN JOBS METHODLOGY:

Two approaches to measure + evaluate

PRIMARY DATA

Collect primary data

Build database of green

companies

Telephone survey

SECONDARY DATA

Collect secondary

data

Identify green NAICS

Establish intensity

ratio

Page 19: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

7 sectors;

20,000 Jobs

+ 19% (2010 – 2013)

$1.9B GDP

GREEN JOBS TODAY:

(2013)

Page 20: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

VANCOUVER’S GREEN ECONOMY (Results to Y/E 2013)

Page 21: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

TWO APPROACHES

Tactically and managed simultaneously

1. Growth: a. Support Innovators & Innovation

b. Leverage municipal assets

2. Engagement a. Cross-sector

b. Green Enterprise Zone

c. Digital platforms

Page 22: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

APPROACH #1: GROWTH

Support Innovators and Innovation

Page 23: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

0

1

2

3

4

5

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1

Series 2

Series 3

100,000 sq. Ft

East Vancouver

Technology

Clean Tech

Social Innovation

Mix of co-working

space & support

services to support

innovation

VANCOUVER

INNOVATION HUB

A Centre for Entrepreneurship

Page 24: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

0

1

2

3

4

5

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1

Series 2

Series 3

Green & Digital Demonstration

Program

Use City assets & infrastructure to test, pilot or demonstrate innovations in cleantech & digital

A platform for entrepreneurs to showcase local innovations to the world.

VEC PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES:

Green and digital demonstration

program

GREEN & DIGITAL DEMONSTRATION

PROGRAM

(GDDP)

Leverage City-owned

Assets +

infrastructure

City as an innovation

platform for

entrepreneurs

Supports clean tech &

digital start-ups in

accelerating

commercialization

Page 25: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT:

Leveraging Major Events

Page 26: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

• Slide on local event & BD (GLOBE?)

• Slide on international trade (China?)

INTERNATIONAL TRADE & FDI:

Sector targeted

Page 27: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN

ENTERPRIZE

ZONE

Mixed industrial land,

500 businesses,

8000 jobs

Known as False

Creek Flats but

lacks identity

Back-of-house

industrial, high tech,

office, education,

social, public services,

transit infrastructure

Page 28: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ENTERPRISE ZONE:

The False Creek Flats

Page 29: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

FALSE CREEK FLATS:

Key green economy themes

FALSE CREEK FLATS:

Key Green Economy Themes

Page 30: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

SOLAR ROOFING SYSTEMS

GEOTHERMAL HEATING EXCHANGE

ALTERNATIVE FUELING

VEHICLE SHARING

SMART DATA CENTRE

BUILDING ENERGY MONITORS

FALSE CREEK FLATS:

VEC’s Vision

Page 31: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY:

By example

Page 32: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ENTERPRISE ZONE:

False Creek Flats Clusters

Page 33: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ENTERPRISE ZONE:

Storytelling

Page 34: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GREEN ENTERPRISE ZONE:

Planning for the future

Page 35: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

ENGAGING THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY

Climate Pledge for COP21

200 VANCOUVER BUSINESSES

have pledged their support for stronger

action against climate change

Page 36: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

ENGAGING THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY:

Digital platform for greening operations

Page 37: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over
Page 38: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over
Page 39: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

GROWING THE GREEN ECONOMY

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2020:

The Green Jobs Roadmap

Page 40: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2020:

The Green Jobs Roadmap

50+ initiatives

20 incremental

In depth

interviews with

managers

City + VEC

programs, projects

+ policies

Screen for

incremental

impact

Evaluate data

and run model

Categorize Identify lead

How we got

from 50+ to 20

11 City-led 4

Province/ Metro

5 VEC

Page 41: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

41

2010 Baseline

16,700 jobs

“Business-as-usual”

growth

3,350 jobs

Market transformation jobs

(City, Province, Regional

policies)

11,050

New jobs

City + VEC programs

3,200

2010 2015 2020

33,400

16,700

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2020:

The Green Jobs Roadmap

Page 42: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Fortis` Landlord BC program (high-efficiency boiler) $150,000

CoV Green Landlords program $48,000 + staff

Vancity contribution $48,000

Leverage ratio (equipment + capex) 12x

MURBS per year expected 50

Total economic investment (2014-2020) $39,000,000

New jobs (2014-2020) 313 (new)

DATA ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN POLICIES & PROGRAMS:

EXAMPLE: MURB Retrofit Strategy

Page 43: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

VEC annual budget $10,000 + 2*staff

Companies demonstrating technology each year 8

Additional jobs per company 3

New jobs (2014-2020) 144

DATA ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN POLICIES & PROGRAMS:

EXAMPLE: Demonstration Program

Page 44: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

- Vancouver Innovation Hub

- Trade missions (in + outbound)

- Green + digital demo prgm

- GEZ hubs + networks

950+

- Extended producer responsibility

- Regional organics ban

- New Ventures BC 800+

- Sewer separation strategy

- MURB retrofit programs

- Legacy steam heat conversion

- Forestry + tree planting

- Active transportation corridors

1,400+

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2020

Data on effectiveness of Green Policies & Programs

VEC

City

Partners

Page 45: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

2020 AND BEYOND

45

2020 AND BEYOND:

March 2015: City Council Commits to a Renewable Future

2020 2030 2040 2050

RENEWABLE CITY STRATEGY

2010

Page 46: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

Reduce greenhouse gas

emissions by 80% below 2007

levels before 2050

Derive 100% of the energy

used in Vancouver from

renewable sources before

2050

TARGETS

46

VANCOUVER IS A CITY THAT USES

ONLY RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

renewable energy is

naturally replenished as it is used

GOAL

RENEWABLE CITY STRATEGY

2020 AND BEYOND:

March 2015: City Council Commits to a Renewable Future

Page 47: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

47

31% of

Vancouver’s

energy is already

renewable.

ENERGY USED IN

VANCOUVER IN 2014

VANCOUVER in 2015:

Where are are we now?

Page 48: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

48

1. Reduce

overall demand

2. Increase use of renewables

3. Increase supply of renewables

Vancouver will be taking action to:

100% of Vancouver’s

energy is

renewable

before 2050.

so that

31% of Vancouver’s energy is already renewable.

2020 AND BEYOND:

Our Path to a Renewable City

69%

2015 2050

Page 49: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

49

We will need to act as well as advocate.

CONTROL SUPPORT

Building Standards

Land Use

Road Network

Major Roads Network

Waste Management

City Services

ADVOCACY

Federal

Government

Provincial

Government

Regional

Government

RENEWABLE CITY PLAN:

What will it take?

Page 50: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

ZERO EMISSION BUILDINGS

THE RENEWABLE CITY IN 2050 WILL HAVE

THAT EMIT NO GREENHOUSE GASES

FROM THEIR USE OF ENERGY

Page 51: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

51

R E D U C E

E N E R G Y U S E

I N C R E A S E U S E & S U P P LY

O F R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y

» Passive House

» Equipment

improvements

» On-site renewable power

» Grid-supplied electricity

» Neighbourhood renewable energy

systems

VANCOUVER’S BUILDING STOCK IN 2050

RENEWABLE CITY STRATEGY

RENEWABLE CITY PLAN:

Current + Future Building Standards

3 0 % P r i o r t o 2 0 1 0

3 0 % C u r r e n t / U p c o m i n g

S t a n d a r d s

3 0 % Z e r o E m i s s i o n N e w

B u i l d i n g ( b u i l t a f t e r

2 0 2 0 )

Page 52: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

REDUCED VEHICLE USAGE

THROUGH ACT IVE

TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLY POWERED

TRANSPORTATION

THROUGH ELECTRIC VEHICLES,

SUSTAINABLE -B IOFUEL HYBRIDS, AND

OTHER RENEWABLE FUELS

Page 53: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

53

R E D U C E

E N E R G Y U S E

I N C R E A S E U S E & S U P P LY

O F R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y

» Active Transportation

» Transit

» Electric Vehicles

» Biofuel-powered vehicles

» Car-sharing

PASSSENGER VEHICLE FUEL TYPES BY 2050

3 0 % C o n v e n t i o n a l H y b r i d

( w i t h B i o f u e l )

4 5 % P l u g - I n H y b r i d

( w i t h B i o f u e l )

2 5 % E l e c t r i c V e h i c l e

RENEWABLE CITY PLAN:

Private + Public Transportation

Page 54: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

RENEWABLE ENERGY PLAN:

Commercial Transport

Small in number but

energy intensive

Projected future

technologies »

Sustainable biofuels,

biomethane, hydrogen,

electricity

Page 55: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

I N N O VAT I O N

Clean Energy Incubation,

Acceleration,

Commercialization, &

Demonstration

K E Y

TA R G E T S

Events

Organizations

Talent

G R E E N

C A P I TA L

Branding

Leverage new models

LAP attraction initiative

E X P O R T S

Market Development

L O C A L

B U S I N E S S E S

Thriving Vancouver

Sharing Economy

Circular Economy

G R E E N

R E S E A R C H

Building the business

case for the big moves

PA R T N E R S

Regional

Government

International

Academia

P O L I C Y

Planning

Procurement

Neighborhood-Scale

Planning

RENEWABLE CITY PLAN:

…just some early thinking on the white board…

Page 56: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

JOIN US IN VANCOUVER

for GLOBE 2016

GLOBE Week: Feb 29 - Mar 4

GLOBE Conference: Mar 2 - Mar 4

www.globeseries.com

Page 57: VANCOUVER’S - Ilmastokumppanit · GOAL: Secure Vancouver’s international reputation as a mecca of green enterprise 2020 TARGETS: 1. Double the number of green jobs by 2020, over

VANCOUVER: Innovative, Creative, Sustainable