VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

IV SEMESTER

EI6403– APPLIED THERMO DYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2017 – 18

Prepared by

Mr. S. Pungaiya, Assistant Professor (O.G.) – Mechanical Engineering

Mr. T. Karthick, Assistant Professor (O.G.) – Mechanical Engineering

Mr. P. Vijayan, Assistant Professor (O.G.) – Mechanical Engineering

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT : EI6403 – APPLIED THERMO DYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS

SEM / YEAR : IV Semester / II Year EIE

UNIT I - LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND BASIC IC ENGINE CYCLES

Systems zeroth law, first law of thermodynamics – concept of internal energy and enthalpy applications to closed and open

systems – second law of thermodynamics – concept of entropy – clausius inequality and principles of increase in irreversible

processes. Basic IC engine and gas turbine cycles-- single and multistage reciprocating compressors.

PART – A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define state, process and cycle. 1 Remember

2. List out the various non – flow processes. 1 Remember

3. Define the term scavenging related with IC engines. 1 Remember

4. Label various parts of four stroke diesel engine with a sketch. 1 Remember

5. Distinguish between open and closed system. 2 Understand

6. Tabulate the differences between two stroke and four stroke petrol engine. 1 Remember

7. Name the different types of I.C engines. 1 Remember

8. Summarize the functions of carburettor in petrol engine. 2 Understand

9. Distinguish Clausius statement with Kelvin Plank statement. 2 Understand

10. Give example with explanation for intensive and extensive properties. 2 Understand

11. Discuss zeroth law of thermodynamics. 2 Understand

12. Express the equations for work done and heat transfer in polytrophic process 2 Understand

13.

Calculate the mass of the air, if the specific heats at constant pressure and

volume are 1kJ/kg K and 0.72 kJ/kg K respectively. The volume of air at a

pressure of 5 bar and 47°C is 0.5 m3

3 Apply

14. Classify the air compressor 3 Apply

15. Demonstrate the working of gas turbine with the help of p – V diagram. 3 Apply

16. Explain Gas laws 4 Analyze

17. Differentiate otto cycle, diesel cycle and dual cycle based on the processes 4 Analyze

18. Compare isothermal process with adiabatic process 5 Evaluate

19. Analyze the functions of piston and crankshaft of an I.C engine. 4 Analyze

20. Generalize the steady flow energy equation 6 Create

PART – B

1. i) Describe the following: a) Enthalpy, b) Entropy (4)

ii) 0.336 of gas at 10 bar and 150oC expands adiabatically, until its pressure is 4

bar. It is then compressed, isothermally, to its original volume. Evaluate the final

temperature and pressure of the gas. Also evaluate the change in internal energy.

Take Cp= 0.996 kJ/kg K; and Cv= 0.703 kJ/kg K. (9)

1

5

Remember

Evaluate

2. i) State and explain clausius inequality and principle of increase in irreversible

processes. (8)

ii) Differentiate flow and non-flow process with example. (5)

4

2

Analyze

Understand

3. i) Tabulate the differences between four stroke and two stroke engines. (4)

ii) Explain the working principle of four stroke petrol engine with suitable

Sketches. (9)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

4. i) Tabulate the differences between Petrol and diesel engines. (4)

ii) Explain the working principle of two stroke petrol engine. (9)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

5. i) In an otto cycle, the temperatures at the beginning and end of isentropic

compression are 316 K and 596 K respectively. Determine the air standard

efficiency and compression ratio. (9)

ii) Tabulate the differences between Otto and Diesel cycle. (4)

3

1

Apply

Remember

6. Examine the efficiency of an open circuit constant pressure gas turbine plant with

the following specifications. The extreme of pressure and temperature in plant are

1 bar, 5.25bar and 25°C and 560°C respectively. The isentropic efficiency of the

turbine is 88% and that of the compressor is 84%. (13)

3 Apply

7. i) Explain the working of gas turbine plant with the help of Brayton cycle. (6)

ii) Express by deriving, the air standard efficiency of a Brayton cycle in terms of

pressure ratio and compression ratio. (7)

4

2

Analyze

Understand

8. i) Explain the working principle of four stroke diesel engine. (9)

ii) Illustrate Diesel cycle and Dual cycle with the help of p – V and T – S

diagram. (4)

4

3

Explain

Apply

9. Predict the rate of shaft work input in KW, and the ratio of inlet to outlet diameter

for the given compressor. The air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 Kg/s through the

compressor, entering at 7 m/s, 100 KPa pressure and 0.95 m3/Kg and leaving at 5

m/s velocity, 700 KPa and 0.19 m3/Kg. the internal energy of air leaving is 90

KJ/Kg greater than that of air entering cooling water in the compressor jacket

absorb heat at the rate of 5 KW. (13)

2

Understand

10. i) Describe the following: i) PMM2 and ii) First Law of thermodynamics. (4)

ii) State and explain the corollaries of second law of thermodynamics. (9)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

11. Evaluate the total work done and the pressure, volume and temperature at all the

points for the following sequence of processes of a system. It exists with 0.2 m3

of a gas at 4 bar and 425K. If it is expanded adiabatically to 1 bar. The gas is then

heated at constant pressure till the enthalpy increases by 70 KJ. Sketch the

processes on P‐V plot. (13)

5

Evaluate

12. i) Explain the principle and working of single stage reciprocating air compressor

with suitable sketch. (10)

ii) List out the advantages of multistage air compressor. (3)

4

1

Analyze

Remember

13. i) Deduce steady flow energy equation. (5)

ii) A Steady flow thermodynamic system receives fluid at the rate of 6 kg/min

5

Evaluate

with an initial pressure of 2 bar, velocity 150m/s, Internal energy 800 kJ/kg and

density 27 Kg/m3. The fluid leaves system with a final pressure of 8 bar, velocity

200 m/s, Internal Energy 800 kJ/kg of heat during passing through the system and

rises through 60 m. Estimate the Work done during the process. (8)

3

Apply

14. i) Apply the steady flow energy equation to steam nozzle and boiler and obtain

the final expression. (6)

ii) Calculate the size of the cylinder for a double acting air compressor of 40 kW

indicated power in which air is drawn in at 1 bar and 15°C and compressed

according to the law pv1.2 = C to 6 bar. Speed of the compressor is 100 rpm and

average piston speed is 152.5 m/min. Neglect the clearance. (7)

3

5

Apply

Evaluate

PART – C

1. i) Explain steady flow energy equation and its applications in various

thermodynamic systems. (8)

ii) Analyze the working of gas turbine power plant and its cycle. (7)

4

4

Analyze

Analyze

2. A two stage air compressor compresses air from 1 bar and 20°C to 42 bar. If the

law of compression is pv1.3

= constant and the inter cooling is perfect. Evaluate

per kg of air (i) The work done in compression and (ii) The mass of cooling water

necessary the temperature rise of the cooling water is 25°C. (15)

5

Evaluate

3. A heat engine is supplied with 278 kJ/s of heat at a constant fixed temperature of

283˚C and the heat rejection takes place at 5˚C. The following results were

reported: (a) 208 kJ/s are rejected, (b) 139kJ/s is rejected, (iii) 70kJ/s is rejected.

Classify which of the results report a reversible cycle or irreversible cycles or

impossible cycle. (15)

5

Evaluate

4. Enumerate the conditions which much be fulfilled by a reversible process. Give

some examples of ideal reversible processes. (15)

5

Evaluate

UNIT II - THERMODYNAMICS OF REFRIGERATORS AND PUMPS

Properties of steam – Ranking cycle—Boilers and its accessories– Basic thermodynamics ofrefrigerators and heat pumps.-

Basics of Heat transfer

PART – A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. List out boiler mountings and accessories. 1 Remember

2. Define boiler. How it is classified? 1 Remember

3. Tabulate the differences between mountings and accessories of boiler. 1 Remember

4. When the steam is called as saturated and when it is called super‐heated? 1 Remember

5. Define the terms sensible heat and latent heat of vaporization of water. 1 Remember

6. Name the important parts of steam power plant. 1 Remember

7. Identify the thermodynamic definitions of heat pump and refrigerator. 1 Remember

8. Express the term dryness fraction. 2 Understand

9. Differentiate between refrigeration & air conditioning. 2 Understand

10. Estimate the volume occupied by 5 Kg of dry saturated steam at 10 bar. 2 Understand

11. Distinguish conduction from convection. 2 Understand

12. Discuss Fourier’s law of conduction. 2 Understand

13. Calculate the total rate of energy emission from a black surface of area 0.3m2 at a

temperature of 1000k.

3 Apply

14. Illustrate the Rankine cycle with the help of p – V diagram. 3 Apply

15. Compare source and sink thermodynamically. 4 Analyze

16. Measure the Entropy of the wet steam with dryness fraction of 0.8 at 10 bar. 5 Evaluate

17. Point out the working of heat engine with the help of block diagram. 4 Analyze

18. Explain the effect of reheating in Rankine cycle. 5 Evaluate

19. Recommend the parts required to improve the efficiency of a steam power plant. 5 Evaluate

20. Modify heat pump into refrigerator with the help of block diagram. 6 Create

PART – B

1. i) Describe the construction and working of a Water tube boiler with neat sketch.(9

ii) Classify boilers with examples. (4)

1

3

Remember

Apply

2. i) Describe the characteristics of high pressure boilers. (4)

ii) Explain the construction and working of any one high pressure boiler with neat

sketch. (9)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

3. i) Discuss about boiler mountings and accessories with examples. (5)

ii) Explain the function of pressure gauge and fusible plug. (8)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

4. Illustrate the Rankine cycle with p – V and H – S diagram and derive the

efficiency of steam power plant. (13)

3

Apply

5. One kg of steam at 10 bar exists at the following conditions. i) Wet and 0.8 dry ii)

dry and saturated & iii) at a temperature of 199.9⁰C. Interpret the data using

steam tables and find the enthalpy, specific volume, density, internal energy and

entropy at each case. Take CPS = 2.25 kJ/kg. (13)

2

Understand

6. Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters

the turbine at 3 MPa and 623 K and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of

10 kPa. Measure (i) the thermal efficiency of this power plant, (ii) the thermal

efficicency if steam is superheated to 873 K instead of 623 K. (13)

5

Evaluate

7. i) Estimate the internal energy and enthalpy of steam when the steam conditions

at 10 bar are i) 0.8% dry and ii) 320°C (9)

ii) Explain the function of economizer and super heater used in boilers. (4)

2

5

Understand

Evaluate

8. i) Calculate the efficiency of a steam power plant operating on Rankine cycle

between pressure limits of 30 bar and 0.04 bar. Steam at turbine inlet is dry

saturated. (10)

ii) Point out the quantity of heat required to produce 1 kg of steam at a pressure of

6 bar and at a temperature of 25°C When the steam is wet having a dryness

fraction of 0.9. (3)

5

4

Evaluate

Analyze

9. i) Compare the Heat Engine from Heat Pump. (3)

ii) A simple Rankine Cycle works between pressure 28 bar and 0.06 bar, the

initial condition of steam being dry Saturated. Calculate the Cycle Efficiency,

Work Ratio and SFC. (10)

4

5 Analyze

Evaluate

10. i) Write short notes on various modes of heat transfer. (3)

ii) Create an expression for the heat transfer through a 3 layers composite wall.

(10)

1

6 Remember

Create

11. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 700ᴼC

and 50ᴼC. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between

reservoirs at temperatures of 50ᴼC and ‐25ᴼC. The heat transfer to the engine is

2500 kJ and the network output of the combined engine refrigerator plant is 400

kJ. Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the

reservoir at 50ᴼC. (13)

5

Evaluate

12. i) Define Conduction and Convection, when it happens? (4)

ii) The wall of a refrigerator is made up of two mild steel plates of 2.5mm thick

with a 6cm thick glass wool in between the plates. The inner temperature is 20°C,

while the outside is exposed to 40°C. Formulate the heat flow. K for steel and

glass wool are 23 W/ m K and 0.015 W / m K respectively. (9)

1

6

Remember

Create

13. A furnace wall is made up of 3 layers of thickness 250, 100 and 150mm with

inside and outside thermal conductivities of 1.65 and 9.2 W / m K. Inside is

exposed to hot gases at 1250°C with convection coefficient of 25 W / m2 °C.

Inside surface temperature is 1100°C and outside surface is exposed to air at 25°C

with a convection coefficient of 12 W / m2 °C. Determine thermal conductivity,

overall heat transfer coefficient and all the surface temperatures. (13)

5

Evaluate

14. i) Differentiate the terms efficiency and COP. (3)

ii) A furnace wall is made up on refractory bricks of 80 cm thickness and its

thermal conductivity being 1.5 W/m‐K. The wall is insulated with an insulator

bricks of conductivity 0.5 W/m‐K. The film coefficient of inner flue gas and the

brick lining is 65 W/m2‐K and for outside air and lining is 20 W/m2‐K. Heat

transfer rate is 1800 W/m2. Calculate the thickness of insulator brick wall when

the inner and outer surface temperature are 1200ᴼC and 30ᴼC. (10)

2

5

Understand

Evaluate

PART – C

1. Explain the working principle of steam power plant with the help of P-V and T-S

diagrams. How the efficiency of the steam power plant can be improved? (15)

4

Analyze

2. Enumerate the three modes by which heat can be transferred from one place to

another. Explain all the mechanisms with example.Which is the slowest of all?

5

Evaluate

3. Explain in detail the methods of increasing the thermal efficiency of a Rankine

Cycle. (15)

4

Analyze

4. A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10 cm thickness is

made of firebrick (k =1.04 W/mK). The intermediate layer of 25 cm thickness is

made of masonry brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a 5 cm thick concrete wall

(k = 1.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous operation the inner surface

of the furnace is at 800°C while the outer concrete surface is at 50°C. Calculate

the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the temperature at the interface of

the firebrick and masonry brick and the temperature at the interface of the

masonry brick and concrete. (15)

5

Evaluate

UNIT III - BASIC CONCEPT OF FLUID MECHANICS & FLOW OF FLUIDS

Introduction – classification – types of fluids – properties – laws of pressure – atmospheric, gauge, absolute pressure,

pressure measurement – manometers – mechanical gauges. Types of fluid flow – velocity – rate equation of continuity –

energy of a liquid in motion – head of a liquid – Bernoulli’s theorem – orifice and mouthpiece.

PART – A

Q.No. Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define surface tension and capillarity 1 Remember

2. When is a fluid considered steady and when it is unsteady? 1 Remember

3. Identify absolute pressure in terms of gauge pressure, atmospheric pressure and

vacuum pressure.

1 Remember

4. Where inverted U – tube differential manometer is used? Why? 1 Remember

5. Name some Newtonian and Non – Newtonian fluids. 1 Remember

6. Express the three dimensional flow (Steady and Unsteady) mathematically. 2 Understand

7. Differentiate kinematic viscosity with dynamic viscosity. 2 Understand

8. Associate temperature with dynamic viscosity of gases and liquids. 2 Understand

9. Give explanation for the term buoyancy. 2 Understand

10. Show different types of fluid flow graphically. 3 Apply

11. Calculate the diameter of the soap bubble formed when the inside pressure is 5

N/m2 above the atmospheric pressure. If surface tension in the soap bubble is

0.0125 N/m

3

Apply

12. Relate specific gravity with density. 3 Apply

13. Classify the different types of fluid flow. 4 Analyze

14. Differentiate absolute pressure from gauge pressure. 4 Analyze

15. Point out the phenomena responsible for capillary rise or fall. 4 Analyze

16. Contrast ideal and real fluids. 4 Analyze

17. Explain the property, viscosity. 5 Evaluate

18. Compare uniform flow and non‐uniform flow 5 Evaluate

19. Summarize the Bernoulli’s theorem mathematically. 5 Evaluate

20. Modify the height of water column into pressure. 6 Create

PART – B

1. i)Name and explain any four properties of hydraulic fluid. (8)

ii) Describe different types of fluid flow with suitable sketches. (5)

1

1

Remember

Remember

2. i) List out the assumptions made and limitations of Bernoulli’s equation. (4)

ii) Compare a) steady flow from unsteady flow, b) Laminar flow from Turbulent

flow. (9)

1

4

Remember

Analyze

3. i) Explain the working principle of any one pressure gauge with neat sketch. (9)

ii) Derive continuity equation from basic principles. (4)

4

5

Analyze

Evaluate

4. Classify manometers. Illustrate each type of manometer with neat sketches. 3 Apply

5. i) Explain the property viscosity in detail. (4)

ii) A 0.5 m shaft rotates in a sleeve under lubrication with viscosity 5 poise at

4

Analyze

200rpm. Calculate the power lost for a length of 100 mm if the thickness of the

oil is 1 mm. (9)

5 Evaluate

6. i) Where orifices and mouth pieces are preferred? Discuss. (4)

ii) Formulate Bernoulli’s equation for steady flow of an incompressible fluid. (9)

1

6

Remember

Create

7. i) A plate 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 60 cm/s and requires a

force of 2 N per unit area to maintain this speed. Estimate the fluid viscosity

between the plates. (8)

ii) How fluids are classified? Explain. (5)

2

2

Understand

Understand

8. i) Express Euler's equation of motion for flow along a stream line (with

derivation). (9)

ii) What are the assumptions involved in Euler’s equation. (4)

2

2

Understand

Understand

9. Derive the 3 – Dimensional continuity equation. (13) 5 Evaluate

10. Explain the classification and theory of different types of mechanical gauges for

pressure measurement. (13)

4 Analyze

11. i) Write short notes on Capillarity and surface tension. (3)

ii) Invent whether the flow is upwards / downwards in the following case. A 15

cm diameter vertical pipe is connected to 10 cm diameter Vertical pipe with a

reducing socket. The pipe carries a flow of 100 l /s. At point 1 in 15 cm pipe, the

gauge pressure is 250 kPa. At point 2 in the 10 cm pipe located 1.0 m below point

1 the gauge pressure is 175 kPa. (10)

1

6

Remember

Create

12. Horizontal pipe carrying water is gradually tapering. At one section the diameter

is 150 mm and flow velocity is 1.5 m/s. If the drop in pressure is 1.104 bar at a

reduced section, measure the diameter of that section. If the drop is 5 kN/m2, what

will be the diameter? — Neglect losses. (13)

5

Evaluate

13. i) Discuss about atmospheric pressure, vacuum pressure and absolute pressure. (3)

ii) Examine the discharge through a tapered drainage pipe of diameters at the inlet

and exits are 1000 mm and 500 mm respectively. The water surface is 2 m above

the centre of the inlet and exit is 3 m above the free surface of the water. The

pressure at the exit is 250 mm of Hg vacuum. The friction loss between the inlet

and exit of the pipe is 1/10 of the velocity head at the exit. (10)

2

3

Understand

Apply

14. i) Differentiate Venturimeter and Orifice meter. (3)

ii) A horizontal Venturimeter with inlet diameter 200 mm and throat diameter

100 mm is employed to measure the flow of water. The reading of the differential

manometer connected to the inlet is 180 mm of mercury. If Cd = 0.98, calculate

the rate of flow. (10)

2

5

Understand

Evaluate

PART – C

1. Explain Bernoulli’s theorem. Discuss any two applications of Bernoulli’s theorem

in detail. (15)

4

Analyze

2. A pipe 200 m long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600 mm diameter at

the higher end to 300 mm diameter at the lower end, and carries 100 litres / sec of

oil having specific gravity 0.8. If the pressure gauge at the higher end reads 60

kN/m2, determine the velocities at the two ends and also the pressure at the lower

5

Evaluate

end. Neglect all losses. (15)

3. A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of

specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the

throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential

U tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 25 cm. Evaluate: (a) the

discharge of oil. (b) The pressure difference between the entrance section and the

throat section. Take Cd = 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6. (15)

5

Evaluate

4. Calculate the dynamic viscosity of oil which is used for lubrication between a

square plate of size 0.8m x 0.8 m and an inclined plane with angle of inclination

30˚. The weight of the square plate is 300 N and it slide down the inclined plane

with a uniform velocity of 0.3m/s. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5 mm. (15)

5

Calculate

UNIT IV - DIMENSIONAL AND MODEL ANALYSIS

Introduction – dimensions – dimensional analyses – Rayleigh’s and Buckingham’s method- similitude - dimensionless

numbers and their significance – similarity laws – model studies.

PART – A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define fundamental units and derived units with example. 1 Remember

2. Quote Dimensionally Homogeneous equation with an example. 1 Remember

3. List out the advantages of Dimensional and model analysis. 1 Remember

4. Quote the dimensions of the following Physical Quantities:

(i) Pressure (ii) Surface Tension (iii) Dynamic viscosity (iv) Kinematic Viscosity

1 Remember

5. Name the different types of similarities. 1 Remember

6. Give two examples of a fluid flow situation where Froude model law is applied. 2 Understand

7. Summarize the advantages of model testing. 2 Understand

8. Differentiate distorted model from undistorted model. 2 Understand

9. Apply dimensional homogeneity for the equation v = u + at. 3 Apply

10. Classify similarity laws. 3 Apply

11. How to calculate the number of π terms while applying Buckingham’s π theorem. 3 Apply

12. Relate model and prototype. 3 Apply

13. Illustrate how the equations are derived in Raleigh’s method. 3 Apply

14. Explain Euler model law with its significance. 4 Analyze

15. Compare Rayleigh’s method with Buckingham’s method. 4 Analyze

16. Point out the important limitations of dimensional analysis. 4 Analyze

17. Measure the length of the model when a ship of length 500mm is tested with 1:75

model.

5 Evaluate

18. Compare Reynolds number with Froude’s number. 5 Evaluate

19. Formulate the equation for Euler’s model law. 6 Create

20. Modify energy ratio in terms of length ratio. 6 Create

PART – B

1. i) List out the criteria for selecting repeating variable in dimensional analysis. (7)

ii) Write a short note on dimensional homogeneity with suitable examples. (6)

1

2

Remember

Understand

2. i) Explain the Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis with an example. (9)

ii) List out the advantages of dimensional analysis. (4)

4

1

Analyze

Remember

3. The pressure difference (ΔP) in a pipe of diameter D and length L, due to viscous

flow depends on the velocity V, viscosity µ and density ρ using Buckingham’s π

– theorem, deduce the expression for ΔP. (13)

5

Evaluate

4. The resisting force(R) of a supersonic flight can be considered as dependent upon

the length of the air craft ‘l’, velocity ‘v’ , air viscosity ‘μ’, air density ‘ρ’ and

bulk modulus of air is ’k’. Express the functional relationship between these

variables and the resisting force. (13)

2

Understand

5. The efficiency (η) of a fan depends on ρ (density), μ (viscosity) of the fluid, ω

(angular velocity), d (diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge). Give η in terms of

non‐dimensional parameters. Use Buckingham's π theorem. (13)

2

Understand

6. i) Explain the step by step procedure of Buckingham’s π – theorem with suitable

example. (10)

ii) What is Reynold’s number? Give its significance. (3)

4

2

Analyze

Understand

7. Using Buckingham's π‐ theorem, Develop the expression for velocity through a

circular orifice in a pipe as v = √(2gH) f {d/ H , μ/ρvH} where v is the velocity

through orifice of diameter d and H is the head causing the flow and ρ and μ are

the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing through the orifice and g is

acceleration due to gravity. (13)

6

Create

8. Using Buckingham’s π- theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice

in a pipe is given by

where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head causing

the flow and ρ and μ are the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing

through the orifice and g is acceleration due to gravity. (13)

3

Apply

9. A 1:64 model is constructed of an open channel in concrete which has Manning’s

factor N = 0.014. Find the value of N for the model. The Manning’s formula is

given by V = (1/N) .m 3/2

.i 1/2

. (13)

3

Apply

10. i) Define, explain and derive Reynold’s number. (6)

ii) Summarize the advantages and applications of model analysis. (7)

1

2

Remember

Understand

11. i) Explain the conditions under which the prototype behaviour can be predicted

from model tests. (5)

ii) In 1:30 model of a spillway, the velocity and discharge are 1.5 m/s and

2.0m3/s. Evaluate the corresponding velocity and discharge in the prototype. (8)

4

5

Analyze

Evaluate

12. i) Explain geometric and dynamic similarities with examples. (6)

ii) Compare distorted model and undistorted model with example. Point out their

advantages and dis advantages. (7)

4

4

Analyze

Analyze

13. i) List out various models with scale ratio. (6)

ii) Describe Reynolds’s law of similitude and Froude's law of similitude. (7)

1

1

Remember

Remember

ii) i) In an aero plane model of size 1/10 of its prototype the pressure drop is

7.5kN/m3. The model is tested in water. Calculate the corresponding pressure

drop in the prototype. Take density of air is 1.4 kg/ m3, density of water is 1000

kg/m3, viscosity of air is 0.00018poise and viscosity of water is 0.01poise. (8)

ii) Define Mach number and Euler’s number. (5)

5

1

Evaluate

Remember

PART – C

1. i) Explain and classify term Similitude. (5)

ii) Explain the applications of similitude in model analysis. (10)

4

4

Analyze

Analyze

2. The ratio of length of a submarine and its model is 30:1. The speed of the proto

type is 10m/s the model is to be tested in a wind tunnel. Find the speed of air in

wind tunnel. Also determine the ration of the drag between the model and

prototype. Take values of kinematic viscosities of sea water and air as 0.012

stokes and 0.016 stokes respectively. The density of sea water and air is given as

1030kg/m3 and 1.24kg/m3 respectively. (15)

4

Analyze

3. Write short notes on the following:

(i). Dimensionless Homogeneity with example. (4)

(ii). Euler Model Law, (4)

(iii). Similitude. (4)

(iv). Undistorted and Distorted Models. (3)

5

Analyze

4. A spillway model is to be built to geometrically similar scale of 1/ 50 across a

flume OF 600 mm width. The prototype is 15 m high and maximum head on it is

expected to be 1.5 m. Design the following

(i). The height of model and head of model should be used.

(ii). If the flow over the model at a particular head is 12 lits. per second, what

flow per metre length of the prototype is expected.

(iii). If the negative pressure in the model is 200 mm, what is the negative

pressure in prototype? Is it practicable?

6

Create

UNIT V - PUMPS AND TURBINES

Introduction – types of pumps – reciprocating pump – construction details – co-efficient of discharge – slip – power required

– centrifugal pump – classification – working principle –specific speed – turbines– classification – working principle.

PART – A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define slip of reciprocating pump. 1 Remember

2. Where air‐vessels are used? Why? 1 Remember

3. List out various Roto dynamic pumps. 1 Remember

4. Name the parts of a centrifugal pump. 1 Remember

5. Where impulse turbine is preferred? 1 Remember

6. Tabulate any two differences between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. 1 Remember

7. Label the parts of reciprocating pump with simple sketch. 1 Remember

8. Differentiate Francis turbine from Kaplan turbine. 2 Understand

9. Discuss briefly about indicator diagram. 2 Understand

10. Calculate the hydraulic efficiency when the mean velocity of the buckets of the

Pelton wheel is 10 m/s. The jet supplies water at 0.7 m3/s at a head of 30 m. The

jet is deflected through an angle of 160° by the bucket. Take CV = 0.98.

3

Apply

11. Classify the different types of turbines. 3 Apply

12. Explain specific speed of a turbine. 4 Analyze

13. Point out the functions of a draft tube. 4 Analyze

14. Compare turbines with pumps. 4 Analyze

15. Select the type of turbine for low head power plants and high head power plants. 5 Evaluate

16. Formulate the equation for flow ratio of reaction radial flow turbines. 6 Create

17. Combine the velocity triangles of inlet and outlet of centrifugal pump. 6 Create

18. Prepare a chart indicating specific speed and the corresponding type of turbine. 6 Create

19. Rewrite specific speed in terms of speed, head and power. 6 Create

20. Generalize the term, Priming. 6 Create

PART – B

1. i) Describe the working principle of single acting reciprocating pump with neat

sketch. (9)

ii) Tabulate the differences between reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump.(4)

1

1

Remember

Remember

2. Examine the theoretical discharge, coefficient of discharge, slip and the

percentage slip of a single acting reciprocating pump running at 50 rpm, delivers

0.01 m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 200 mm and stroke length 400

mm. (13)

1

Remember

3. i) Define and classify pumps. (3)

ii) Describe the construction and working principle of centrifugal pump with neat

sketch. (10)

1

1

Remember

Remember

4. i) Draw and explain the velocity triangle of centrifugal pump. (8)

ii) Draw and discuss about the performance curves of centrifugal pump. (5)

6

6

Create

Create

5. The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and

300 mm respectively. The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m.

The diameter and length of delivery pipe are 100 mm and 20 mm respectively.

Calculate:

(i) Theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run the pump if its

speed is 60rpm (4)

(ii) Percentage slip, if the actual discharge is 2.35 1/s (4)

(iii) The acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke. (5)

5

Evaluate

6. Give short notes on following

i) Indicator diagram of single acting reciprocating pump. (5)

ii) Priming of pump. (4)

iii) Specific speed of pump. (4)

2

Understand

7. Deduce the expression for the following:

i) Specific speed of pump (4)

ii) Power required to drive reciprocating pump (4)

iii) Coefficient of discharge in reciprocating pump (5)

1

Remember

8. A double acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm is discharging 1.5 m3 of

water per minute. The pump has a stroke length of 400 mm. The diameter of the

piston is 250 mm. The delivery and suction heads are 20 m and 5 m respectively.

Predict (Find) the power required to drive the pump and the slip of the pump. (13)

2

Understand

9. i) Discuss about cavitation, its causes, effects and prevention. (9)

ii) Differentiate impulse turbine from reaction turbine. (4)

2

2

Understand

Understand

10. i) Summarize the importance of draft tube in hydraulic turbines. (3)

ii) List the classification of turbines and explain the working of Pelton wheel

with neat sketch. (10)

2

1 Understand

Remember

11. i) Explain the construction and working of Francis turbine with neat sketch. (10)

ii) Differentiate Francis turbine from Kaplan turbine. (3)

4

2

Analyze

Understand

12. Compare and contrast Francis turbine and Pelton wheel with simple sketches. (13) 4 Analyze

13. i) Define Specific speed of turbine. (3)

ii) Explain the working principle of Kaplan turbine with neat sketch. (10)

2

4

Understand

Analyze

14. i) Give short note on air vessels. (4)

ii) Explain the working principle of double acting reciprocating pump with a

neat sketch. (9)

2

4 Understand

Analyze

PART – C

1. a) Compare an inward and an outward flow reaction turbine. (7)

b) Explain the significance of specific speed in pumps and turbines. (8)

5

4

Evaluate

Analyze

2. The diameter and length of a suction pipe of a single acting reciprocating pump

are 10 cm and 5 m respectively. The pump has a plunger diameter of 15 cm and a

stroke length of 35 cm. The centre of the pump is 3 m above the water surface in

the sump. The atm. Pressure head is 10.3 m of water and the pump runs at 50

rpm. Collect (Find), (i) pressure head due to Acceleration at the beginning of the

suction stroke. (ii) Maximum pressure head due to Acceleration and (iii) pressure

head in the cylinder at the beginning and end of the suction stroke. (15)

5 Evaluate

3. (i) A single acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 200 mm and a stroke of 350

mm and runs at 45 rpm. The suction head is 8 m and the delivery head is 20 m.

Evaluate the theoretical discharge of water and power required. If slip is 10%,

what is the actual flow rate? (10)

(ii). Explain the term Priming. Why is it necessary? (5)

5

4

Evaluate

Analyze

4. A Pelton wheel, working under a head of 500 m develops 13 MW when running

at a speed of 430 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel is 85%. Examine the rate of

flow through the turbine, the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the

nozzle. Take speed ratio as 0.46 and coefficient of velocity for the nozzle as 0.98.

6

Create

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