Valeryi Sizyuk Ahmed Hassanein School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University
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Transcript of Valeryi Sizyuk Ahmed Hassanein School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University
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The effect of runaway electrons on plasma facing The effect of runaway electrons on plasma facing components in ITER device components in ITER device A serious threat to A serious threat to
its success!its success!
Valeryi Sizyuk
Ahmed Hassanein
School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University
PFC community meeting, MIT, Boston July 8-10, 2009
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Outline
HEIGHTS Upgrade
Modeling of Runaway Electrons
ITER device Geometry and Main Values
Simulation Results
Summary
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MHD RadiationTranspor t
Plasma/mater ialInteraction
ExternalCircuit
AtomicData
Electrode Thermal Conduction
& Hydraulics
Energy Deposition(Ions, Plasma, Laser, Electrons)
HEIGHTS Simulation PackageHEIGHTS Simulation Package
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Plasma Transient / Instabilities:Plasma Transient / Instabilities:Plasma Material Interaction KeyPlasma Material Interaction Key ConcernsConcerns
HEIGHTS major modeling events for surface and structural response to plasma transients:
– Edge Localized Modes (ELM’s)– Disruptions– Vertical Displacement Events (VDE’s)
– Runaway electrons
Key concerns:
– PFC erosion lifetime– PFC structural integrity– Plasma contamination
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Runaway Electrons
Normal electrons collide with plasma ions/electrons-limiting their energy
Runaway electrons-are accelerated by toroidal electric field, collisions decrease as E-1.5; runaway process
Existing work: crude model; angle of incidence = magnetic field angle. Our work: rigorous computation of angle, penetration depth, 3-D effects
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Detailed Analysis is Needed of Detailed Analysis is Needed of Runaway Electrons Runaway Electrons Energy Deposition and Structural ResponseEnergy Deposition and Structural Response Very Very
Serious!Serious!
Et = 50 MeVB = 5-8 TTime = 10-100 msEnergy Density 50 MJ/m2
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Runaway Electrons Impact AngleRunaway Electrons Impact Angle
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Runaway Electrons Incident Angle DistributionRunaway Electrons Incident Angle Distribution
energy ratio
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Runaway Electron Monte Carlo Energy Runaway Electron Monte Carlo Energy Deposition ModelDeposition Model
Electron-Electron Scattering
Electron-Nuclear Scattering
Bremsstrahlung
Compton Absorption
Photoabsorption
Auger Relaxation
This includes:
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Model BenchmarkingModel Benchmarking
[37] Tabata A. 1994 Atom. Dat. Nuc. Dat. Tab. 56 105
[38] Lockwood G.J., Ruggles L.E., Miller G.H., Halbleib J.A. 1980 Calorimetric measurement of electron energy deposition in extended media – theory vs experiment Report SAND79-0414 (Sandia Laboratories)
[39] Nakai Y. 1963 Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 2 743
[40] Spencer L.V. 1959 Energy dissipation by fast electrons Monograph 1 (Natl. Bur. Std.)
[42] Morawska-Kaczynska M., Huizenga H. 1992 Phys. Med. Biol. 37 2103
--Very good agreement seen
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HEIGHTS BenchmarkingHEIGHTS Benchmarking
HEIGHTS Calculation
Previous Numerical Simulations
(1) Maddaluno G., Maruccia G., Merola M., Rollet S. 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 651
(2) Hender T.C., et al. Progress in the ITER Physics Basis 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S128
E = 10 MeV B = 8 T = 1 deg
P = 50 MJ/m2 t = 0.1 s
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Influence of Energy Ratio Influence of Energy Ratio
Et = 50 MeVB = 8 TTime = 10 msEnergy Density 50 MJ/m2
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Idea: Tungsten Layer as Additional AbsorberIdea: Tungsten Layer as Additional Absorber
Et = 50 MeVE= 0.1Et
B = 8 TTime = 10 msEnergy Density 50 MJ/m2
W of 0.1-mm thick W of 0.8-mm thick
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Influence of Tungsten Layer Location on Be Influence of Tungsten Layer Location on Be and Cu Temperatureand Cu Temperature
W of 0.8-mm thick
W of 0.1-mm thick
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Influence of Tungsten Layer Location on Cu Influence of Tungsten Layer Location on Cu TemperatureTemperature
W of 0.8-mm thick
W of 0.1-mm thick
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Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion Runaway electron analysis - major model development
and HEIGHTS package effort completed Excellent HEIGHTS/data comparison Tangential part of particle energy increases angle of
incidence Increased incident angle leads to overheating of deep
layers Serious problem for ITER - melting, danger of interlayer
destruction, and damage to coolant channels A dual (Be/W) structure may be one solution Design optimization of damage mitigation may be
possible More analysis just accepted for publication in NF (2009)