Valentino Piana Budapest, 10th March 2010 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions and their...

Valentino PianaBudapest, 10th March 2010

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Nationally Appropriate Mitigation

Actions Actions

and their relevance and their relevance

to SEE and Turkeyto SEE and Turkey

www.economicswebinstitute.orgCutting-edge research & implementation consulting

The Economics Web Institute

Funded in 20012 Millions readersWorks quoted e.g. by World Bank, EU Parliament, Statistics Finland, US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Selected field of expertiseMacroeconomic adviceIndustrial and regional economicsInternational trade and financial integrationSustainable development

30 economists from 15 countries have teamed up to elaborate “Innovative Economic Policies for Climate Change Mitigation”, which can be used as input for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions.


Contents

4. NAMAs in national planning

5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support

6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs

1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements

7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey

2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview

3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region

8. Next steps


1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements

2. “Operational immediately”

3. 30 billion dollars committed by developed countries for the first three years (of which 2.4 billion euros committed by EU countries yearly 2010-2012) 4. A steep rising pathway of funding up to 100 US billions in 2020, where the sources will be studied by a High Level Panel (co-chairs and members already chosen)

1. All major GHG emitting countries involved, generating specific pledges from 73 countries that together account for more than 80 per cent of global emissions from energy use

5. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions by non-Annex I countries both unilateral and “seeking international support” in terms of technology, funding and capacity-building (art. 5)6. Technology Mechanism selected, linked to NAMAs (art. 11)

The Accord will test the effectiveness of an approach focused on immediate actions and verification of commitments, through alternative moves from all countries (bottom-up approach). It can fail and under-deliver but it is worth trying. In particular, CA is characterized by the following elements:

7. Annex I Kyoto Protocol parties “further strengthen” their commitments (art. 4)


2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview

NAMAs are schematic texts submitted to UNFCCCC Secretariat by national focal points, to be collected in Appendix II of CA and in a special Registry (if looking for support).

The 32 countries that have presented official NAMAs before 7th March 2010 have interpreted “Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions” in a wide range of ways:

* carbon-neutrality declaration;* economy-wide commitments of reducing emissions in percentage

with respect to a baseline of Business-as-Usual trajectory;* absolute reductions of CO2eq emissions; * sectoral preferential directions of development; * specific goals and actions; * localized projects with specified technical parametres.

The geographical distribution of NAMAs is the following:Africa: 13Asia: 12Europe: 2Latin America: 3Oceania: 2

NAMAs have demonstrated to be sectoral (according to emission sectors or economic sectors) and cross-sectoral. In terms of sectors: forestry is mentioned in 22, renewable energies in 19, transport in 19, agriculture 14, waste 12, building 5.


By submitting well-crafted NAMAs, SEE non-Annex I countries can achieve the following goals:

* be recognised as a pro-active partner of EU and an early mover in sustainable development and the fight to climate change;

* obtain relevant and rising shares of the international funds for climate, including the forthcoming Copenhagen Green Climate Fund;

* attract foreign private investments in clean energy, sustainable transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture, tourism and other sectors of national relevance;

* nurture technological and organisational support for upgrading the national system of innovation (including Universities and research centres) as well as the manufacturing texture of firms;

* foster a low-carbon-emission growth plan and climate-change-related socio-economic development interventions.

Similarly, Turkey can build upon its National Climate Change Strategy and the forthcoming Action plans to expose unilateral actions and call for support.

3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region


4. NAMAs in national planning

The EU 2020 Strategy, MEF/G8/G20, UNFCCC

Low-emission development strategy (art.2 CA)Accession Process / Acquis Communautaire

Climate Action Plans (BAP six pillars: Shared Vision, Mitigation, Adaptation,Technology, Finance, Capacity building), e.g. National

Adaptation StrategyNAMAs NAPAs

LocalAdaptationPlans

….


5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support

Submission of NAMAs to UNFCCC

Submission of NAMAs to UNFCCC

Existing fundsExisting funds

Copenhagen Green Climate Fund

Copenhagen Green Climate Fund

Private investorsPrivate investors

Technology / Solution providersTechnology / Solution providers

Research centresResearch centres

NGOsNGOsMatching

mechanism, dynamics and

events

Matching mechanism,

dynamics and events

National stakeholders

National stakeholders

Local stakeholdersLocal stakeholders Localisation and implementationLocalisation and implementation

In the country International interface Abroad

Analysis of existing and forthcoming

laws and policies

Analysis of existing and forthcoming

laws and policies

Mitigation potential and international

best practices

Mitigation potential and international

best practices

Economic mechanisms of

activation

Economic mechanisms of

activationDetail design of measures

Detail design of measures


6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs

Wide varietyUsually reflecting the

national circumstances, existing laws and policies

Fairly aware of international best practices

Many sectors mentioned (e.g. energy, transport, building, agriculture, forestry, tourism,…)

Concise documentsBetter than CDM as for

broader transformational potential

Wide varietyUsually reflecting the

national circumstances, existing laws and policies

Fairly aware of international best practices

Many sectors mentioned (e.g. energy, transport, building, agriculture, forestry, tourism,…)

Concise documentsBetter than CDM as for

broader transformational potential

Positive features Not clear the kind and features of the international support looked for

No economic mechanism of activation

Not mobilizing the private investors

No legal guarantees for investors

No appeal to research centres and NGOs

Unexplored connection with the Technology Mechanism

Often lacking CO2 reduction quantification

Always lacking estimated costs, thus also the cost per avoided ton of CO2eq

Transformational effects (e.g. green jobs, competitiveness, tax revenue,...) not expressed

Not clear the kind and features of the international support looked for

No economic mechanism of activation

Not mobilizing the private investors

No legal guarantees for investors

No appeal to research centres and NGOs

Unexplored connection with the Technology Mechanism

Often lacking CO2 reduction quantification

Always lacking estimated costs, thus also the cost per avoided ton of CO2eq

Transformational effects (e.g. green jobs, competitiveness, tax revenue,...) not expressed

Negative features


7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey

NAMAs adoptionleader

Solution

provider

Funder

MobilizingSkeptical


8. Next steps

High Level panel on finance -first meeting29th March

UNFCCCsession inApril

UNFCCCsession inMay-June

G8/G20 in Toronto - launch of the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund?

UNFCCCsession inSept/Oct ?

G8/G20 inKorea(November)

COP16in Cancún(Mexico)

Further NAMAs submissions, updated NAMAs communications, matching events

Regional Environmental Centre

capacity-building activities

Valentino Piana Budapest, 10th March 2010 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions and their...

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