Valence Electrons and Oxidation Numbers Chemistry Dr. May.
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Transcript of Valence Electrons and Oxidation Numbers Chemistry Dr. May.
1
H1
Region where electronis likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theHydrogen Atom
+1s1
4
He2
Region where the 2 electronsare likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theHelium Atom
+ +
1s2
LithiumLithium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Li - 3
EC 1s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2s1
1
+1
Li+1 With SO42 gives Li2SO4
7
Li3
Region where the 1s electronsare likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theLithium Atom
+ +
1s22s1
Region where the 2s electronis likely to be found
+
BerylliumBeryllium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Be - 4
EC 1s2
VE
Ox #
Ion gives BeSO4With SO42
2s2
2
+2
Be+2
CarbonCarbon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
C - 6
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion CO2 and CCl4
2p2
4
Has 4 electrons to share
Covalent
NitrogenNitrogen
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
N - 7
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
Has 5 electrons to share
Covalent NCl5 and N2O5
5
2p3
SodiumSodium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Na - 11
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
3s1
1
+1
Na+1With SO42 gives Na2SO4
MagnesiumMagnesium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Mg - 12
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
3s2
2
+2
Mg+2With SO42 gives MgSO4
Quantum ModelQuantum Model
QuantumModel
2s orbital
1s orbital
Nucleus
2p orbitals
3s orbital
1s11s21s22s11s22s21s22s22p11s22s22p21s22s22p31s22s22p41s22s22p51s22s22p61s22s22p63s11s22s22p63s2
HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMg
AluminumAluminum
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Al - 13
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p1
3
+3
Al+3With SO42 gives Al2(SO4)3
SiliconSilicon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Si - 14
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p2
4
Silicon has 4 electrons to share
Covalent SiO2 and SiC
PhosphorusPhosphorus
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
P - 15
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p3
5
Phosphorus has 5 electrons to share
Covalent PCl5 and P2O5
SulfurSulfur
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
S - 16
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion gives Na2S
3p4
6
2
S2With Na+1
ChlorineChlorine
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Cl - 17
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p5
7
1
Cl1With Al+3 gives AlCl3
PotassiumPotassium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
K - 19
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
4s1
1
+1
K+1With S2 gives K2S
CalciumCalcium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Ca - 20
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
4s2
2
+2
Ca+2With SO42 gives CaSO4
The EndThe End
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