Val S. Frenkel, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE.

OverviewIntroductions

Objectives and Research Methods

Co-Siting Scenarios

Advantages and Disadvantages

Summary of Research Results

Conclusions

Introductions

Anna Durden – WateReuse Project ManagerProject Advisory Committee (PAC):Shahid Chaudhry, California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CANeil V. Callahan, R.W. Beck, Inc., Tampa, FLJonathan Dietrich, Dietrich Consulting Group, FL Malynda Cappelle, UTEPAndrew Tiffenbach, USBRFethi BenJemma, California DWR, CAPat Brady, Sandia National LaboratoriesProject supporters:Richard Kottenstette, Sandia,Howard E. Steiman, RW Beck

Introductions

Project Team:Val S. Frenkel – K/J Principal InvestigatorGregg Cummings – K/J Project ManagerPatrick Treanor – K/J Co-InvestigatorDawn Taffler – K/J Co-Investigator

Research Objectives and Requirements

Understand individual and combined life-cycle benefits of co-siting.

Document successful and unsuccessful co-siting case studies.

Develop a decision tool

Proposed Approach and Collection Methods

Develop seven potential scenarios Develop a questionnaire covering the scenarios Contact partners to identify potential case studies Conduct an internet search for potential case studies Contact owners and engineers for co-siting facilities, and obtain information for survey. Use case studies to develop model.

Co-Siting Scenarios1: Power Plant – SWRO Co-siting2: SWRO – WWTP Co-siting3: BWRP – WWTP Co-Siting4: SWRO – Power Plant Co-siting5: Power Plant – BWRO Co-siting6: SWRO – Industrial Co-siting7: BWRO – Industrial Co-siting

Abbreviations

BWRO Brackish Water Reverse OsmosisGHG Green House GasQ FlowSWRO Sea Water Reverse OsmosisWWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant

Advantages Shared intake infrastructure

Reduced Construction, No Increase in Total Intake Volume

Shared discharge infrastructure Reduced Construction, Outfall Blending,

Beneficial Use of Brine Land Available and Zoned Power plant synergies

Higher Temp, Electricity Rates, Less Transmission, benefits for power plant

Disadvantages Life cycle of existing facility infrastructure Opposition to Once-Through Cooling Impacts to membrane performance Concentration disposal limitations Regulatory issues Siting constraints Patent restrictions Operation constraints

Research Presented for 31 Case Studies

General: Scenario, Location, Timeline, Status, Piloting, Intake and Outfall Configuration, and Water Source.

Technical:Plant Flows, Flows of Existing Facilities, Salinity and Salinity Variations, Recovery, Feed Temperature and Energy Consumption.

Economics:Capital Cost, Annual O&M cost, and Funding Sources.

Environmental: Land Use, Endangered Species, Permitting/Regulatory, Intake Issues, Discharge Issues, and Mitigation Requirements.

Public Perception and Public Relations:Issues of Public Concern, Political Will, Public Outreach, and Resistance by Special Interest Groups.

Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Key Lessons Learned.

Data Compiled From 170 References

Data Compared, Analyzed, and Presented

Decision Tool

Case Study Summary

7 Co-Sited Scenarios developed31 Case Studies Researched

Most were Scenario 1 (Power Plant -SWRO)

Remainder were Scenario 2 or 3(SWRO-WWTP) or (BWRO-

WWTP)Capital costs comparable, O&M costs lowerPreliminary decision tool complete

Questions?