Vaccine Timeline

A Look Through Time

START

Instructions:

For this assignment you will use the following timeline to answer questions 1 and 3. To answer question 2 you will need to find creditable resources dealing with the topic on the internet. DUE: 3/2/2004 This assignment is to be turned in on paper.

1. Why is it possible to eliminate a disease like smallpox but not tetanus?

2. Write a paragraph discussing the conditions surrounding the retraction of the Rotavirus vaccine from the market. Specifically compare the sample size used in the trials for testing the Rotavirus vaccine to that of the complication rate. Why is it that the Rotavirus vaccine was initially viewed as safe?

3. Compare Dr. Kortum’s children’s immunization records which can be found within the timeline. For each child list the ages that they received the Hepatitis B vaccine as well as the Chicken Pox (Varicella) vaccine. What accounts for the differences you see in the ages they received them? Are there any vaccines that one child has that another doesn’t, and WHY?

To Timeline

19051796

1879

1881

1882

1890

1897

1926

1927

1935

1937

1945 1952

1964

1967

1970

1974

1977

1981

1972

1971

1971

• MMR (tri-valent measles/mumps/rubella) licensed.

1972

• U.S. ended routine use of smallpox vaccine

See also 1796 , 1905 , 2003

1992

1985

1997

1998

1999

2001

2003

Today

1994

1995

Back to the start

1995

• Chicken Pox vaccine licensed and put into wide spread use.

See also 1974

2003

• Smallpox vaccine stored in emergency first responder med-kits.

See also 1796 , 1905 , 1972

2001

Katie’s Immunization

1999

• Rotavirus vaccine pulled off market due to significant adverse reactions.

1998

• First vaccine for Rotavirus

Structure of rotavirus obtained by electron cryomicroscopy and computer image processing.

www.bcm.tmc.edu/biochem/ biochem_images.html

1994

Max’s immunization

Max with baby Katie

1997

Zach’s Immunizations

1992

• First vaccine for Hepatitis A

Alex’s immunizations

1985

• First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB)

1981

• First vaccine for Hepatitis B

Photo courtesy of CDC

1977

• First vaccine for Pneumonia

1974

• First vaccine for Chicken Pox (Varicella)

See also 1995

1970

• First vaccine for Rubella

1967

• First vaccine for Mumps

1964

• First vaccine for Measles

1952

• First vaccine for Polio

1945

• First vaccine for Influenza

1937

• First vaccine for Typhus

1935

• First vaccine for Yellow Fever

1927

• First vaccine for Tuberculosis

1926

• First vaccine for Pertussis or the Whooping Cough

1890

• First vaccine for Tetanus

• First vaccine for Diphtheria

Tetanus

• Tetanus is a disease caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium tetani that affects the central nervous system, sometimes resulting in death. Spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani live in the soil and are found around the world. In the spore form, C. tetani may remain dormant in the soil, and it can remain infectious for more than 40 years.

1897

• First vaccine for the Plague

1882• First vaccine for Rabies

1881

• First vaccine for Anthrax

1879

• First vaccine for Cholera

1796

• Smallpox vaccine is created, the first vaccine for any disease.

See also 1905 , 1972 , 2003

1905

• In 1905 the US Supreme Court upholds state law mandating smallpox vaccinations

See also 1796 , 1972 , 2003

Smallpox

• Smallpox is a viral disease unique to humans. It is caused by the variola virus. To sustain itself, the virus must pass from person to person in a continuing chain of infection and is spread by inhalation of air droplets or aerosols.

References • Smallpox information

– http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp– http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol5no4/henderson.htm

• Tetanus information– http://www.uhseast.com/14545.cfm

• Vaccine timeline information– http://www.909shot.com/Timeline/timeline.htm– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_vaccines

• Images– http://www.idph.state.il.us/about/vpcd.htm– Microsoft health clipart collection on-line