Jean‐Philippe Venot, IWMIWilliam’s Daré, CIRAD

V4: Sub‐basin management and governance of rainwater and small reservoirs

CPWF Volta Science WeekOuagadougou3‐5 July 2012

AN OVERVIEW

Project V4: Re‐setting the scene

• Project Lead: IWMI

• Project partners: – SP/PAGIRE (MAH, BF); – Water Resources Commission (WRC); – CIRAD UPR Green; – Water Resources Institute (CSIR); – University of Development Studies‐ FIDS 

• Duration: Oct 2010‐Dec 2013

• Budget: $875,000

Expertise in• Social sciences (sociology/geography)• Modeling• Policy making

Project V4: What we signed up for

This project aims at understanding the processes that govern IWRM policy‐making,practices and research in the Volta Basin (Ghana and Burkina Faso)

Project V4: What we signed up for

This project aims at understanding the processes that govern IWRM policy‐making,practices and research in the Volta Basin (Ghana and Burkina Faso) […] This will be done toidentify demand‐driven opportunities for the management and the governance ofrainwater and small reservoirs at the watershed (sub‐basin) level.

Project V4: What we signed up for

This project aims at understanding the processes that govern IWRM policy‐making,practices and research in the Volta Basin (Ghana and Burkina Faso) […] This will be done toidentify demand‐driven opportunities for the management and the governance ofrainwater and small reservoirs at the watershed (sub‐basin) level. [To do so, the projectwill] devise, and assess the prospects offered by, a participatory modeling framework tosteer IWRM practices in two pilot watersheds. The participatory modeling framework willintegrate expert biophysical modeling with locally‐defined understanding of the socio‐environmental system.

Project V4: What we signed up for

This project aims at understanding the processes that govern IWRM policy‐making,practices and research in the Volta Basin (Ghana and Burkina Faso) […] This will be done toidentify demand‐driven opportunities for the management and the governance ofrainwater and small reservoirs at the watershed (sub‐basin) level. [To do so, the projectwill] devise, and assess the prospects offered by, a participatory modeling framework tosteer IWRM practices in two pilot watersheds. The participatory modeling framework willintegrate expert biophysical modeling with locally‐defined understanding of the socio‐environmental system. This will provide the basis for identifying desirable rainwater andsmall reservoirs governance options at the watershed level [and] fine tune IWRMprocesses to local needs and demands […] this research project will lead to enhanceimpacts of on‐going IWRM policy initiatives in the Volta basin.

Main target groups (OLM/OTIB): 1. IWRM Policy makers at national level2. Local planners and users

To understand impacts, one needs to understand how they come into being (processes)

Objective and Approach

Understand and support IWRM policy initiatives via a participatory approach based on a Companion Modeling methodology

• Dialogue for water resources governance• Scale of study: the watershed (2,000‐3,000 km2)• Discussing scenarios and impacts to highlight interactions• High‐level of stakeholder engagement

Promoting multi‐level interactions for  IWRM at the watershed level through a participatory approach

Participatory support for IWRM implementation

Local actors are aware of broader issues, policies and strategies

National decision makers consider local points of view and perceptions

Methods

Answering a question collectivelyConceptual models and role playing game

Collective identification of actors, resources and their dynamics through multi-level consultation

Collective identification of socio-ecological dynamics

Biophysical model (SWAT et WEAP)

Underlying principles

• Participatory Action Research to support natural resources management and land use planning

• Recognizing the legitimacy and uncertainties of ALL stakeholders’ perceptions and representations

• Clarifying implicit hypothesis (world views)• Amendments and progressive validation of an hybrid and dynamic

representation (the model) through scenario simulation• Repetitive back-and-forth between the ‘reality’ and the ‘model’ and

between ‘knowledge generation’ and ‘decision-making’

In short: A practical and research‐oriented example of ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT

2 countries, 2 case studies

Burkina FasoDiffuse mosaic landscapeNo ‘hot spots’ 

GhanaA ‘hot‐line’: the White Volta 

Activities to date

• Institutional and policy baseline (Burkina Faso)• Institutional and policy baseline (Ghana, in progress)

• Biophysical modeling of pilot watershed in their sub‐basins (SWAT/WEAP, in progress)• Multi‐stakeholder platforms activities in Burkina Faso and Ghana (in progress)• Development of a participatory modeling platform (in progress)

• Local soil and water management practices in Ghana: A diagnosis• The role of traditional authorities in natural resources management in Ghana• The role of district assemblies in natural resources management in Ghana• Characterizing women’s concerns and network in the UER of Ghana

• Local Integrated Water Resources Management: the Example of the CLE in Burkina Faso• The CLE of Bougouriba 7: Insertion of a new water institution in rural networks in BF• Understanding CVD in Burkina Faso: the case of the Bougouriba 7 watershed.

• Demonstration of a prototype tool with key boundary partners

Activities to date

• Institutional and policy baseline (Burkina Faso)• Institutional and policy baseline (Ghana, in progress)

• Biophysical modeling of pilot watershed in their sub‐basins (SWAT/WEAP, in progress)• Multi‐stakeholder platforms activities in Burkina Faso and Ghana (in progress)• Development of a participatory modeling platform (in progress)

• Local soil and water management practices in Ghana: A diagnosis• The role of traditional authorities in natural resources management in Ghana• The role of district assemblies in natural resources management in Ghana• Characterizing women’s concerns and network in the UER of Ghana (in progress)

• Local Integrated Water Resources Management: the Example of the CLE in Burkina Faso• The CLE of Bougouriba 7: Insertion of a new water institution in rural networks in BF• Understanding CVD in Burkina Faso: the case of the Bougouriba 7 watershed.

• Demonstration of a prototype tool with key boundary partners

William’s Daré, CIRADJean‐Philippe Venot, IWMI

V4: Sub‐basin management and governance of rainwater and small reservoirs

CPWF Volta Science WeekOuagadougou3‐5 July 2012

BUT… DOES THIS FIT TOGETHER?

2 countries, 2 approachesBURKINA FASO GHANA

Activities to date:• Strategy meeting with resource‐persons to clarify project strategy and objectives• First ‘introduction’ multi‐level MSP (baseline + awareness on tools and approach)

Visionary teamDefinition of the 

participatory strategy

Definition of  local implementation: 

Resources, issues, possible actions 

Report

2 countries, 2 approachesBURKINA FASO GHANA

IWRM policy process has a ‘institutional’ emphasis 

IWRM policy process has a ‘practical’ emphasis 

‘Diffuse’ watershed

‘Hot‐spot’ watershed

Activities to date:• Strategy meeting with resource‐persons to clarify project strategy and objectives• First ‘introduction’ multi‐level MSP (baseline + awareness on tools and approach)

An emphasis on institutional building• Pilot study on one CLE (Bgb7)• Generic lessons and outcomes through multi‐layered engagement

2nd

MSP

An emphasis on ‘practical strategies’• An issue: erosion‐siltation‐flooding• Connecting people to the issue• Discussing options

Definition of the common issue

• Several days workshop , each day with participants from a specific level, with the same tool

• Ghana : Communities,District and Region

How to limit siltation –erosion ‐ flooding?

• BF : villages and communes, CLE, Region and Mouhoun Basin,  National

how to make the CLE  functional ?

Preliminary results: Tools and Issues (1)Expert representation of ‘watershed linkages’

Biophysical modeling Input from V2 and V3 Scenario co‐assesment

Preliminary results: Tools and Issues

Plain wood : Day 1, Oct 2011,

Stylized version, Day 2 Oct 2011,

Boardgame Day 1, June 2012

• Example : The board of Bawkudo

(for the Zongoyre community)

Preliminary results: Tools and Issues (2)

CORMAS platform © 

=> The Bawkudo MAS

Co‐definition of scenarios• Use practice and regulation

Medium/Long term simulation• Food production• Erosion, extent of flooding• Other indicators pertinent for  actors

2 countries, 2 approachesBURKINA FASO

IWRM policy process has a ‘institutional’ emphasis 

‘Diffuse’ watershed

Activities to date:• Strategy meeting with resource‐persons to clarify project strategy and objectives• First ‘introduction’ multi‐level MSP (baseline + awareness on tools and approach)

An emphasis on institutional building• Pilot study on one CLE (Bgb7)• Generic lessons and outcomes through multi‐layered engagement

Preliminary results: Actors (2)The position of the CLE in regard to Natural Resources Management

Master’s internship: Ariane Walascek (capacity building)

‘Central’ people

‘Peripheral’ people‘Key people’ missing

Preliminary results: Actors (3)Little appropriation of the CLE

THE CLE PLATFORM HAS BEEN SET UP BUT HAS NOT BEEN APPROPRIATED BY ACTORSBUILDING THE CLE HAS A LEGITIMATE ENTITY FOR EXCHANGEAGREEING ON WHAT IT IS MEANT TO DO (Multiple points of view)

Master’s internship: Ariane Walascek (capacity building)

Understand the processes of policy making and implementation

Preliminary results: ActorsParticipatory Development Strategy: A network illustration

PL

PF

Core group project design

Key informants

Strategicorientation

Link to pilot watershed

A contribution to V5

Diagnosis tool: do we engage who we should engage and how?Link to institutional and policy analysis ‘How are policies framed’

To conclude? Back to the questions

• How to model erosion and flooding?• What is the extent of erosion and flooding 

in the pilot watershed?

• What does participation means at different levels?

• How to ensure meaningful participation with different types of actors (multi‐level)

• Are crisis situation a prerequisite for sustaining multi‐level exchanges and participation

• How to link hydrological and agent‐based models?

• How flexible should a tool be with different actors?

Biophysical

Participation: Theory and Practice

Tool development

Governance/Policy

• How did the IWRM model emerged and was adapted in the two countries? 

• Whose knowledge is included in the IWRM policy process and how;?

• What are the politics of IWRM policy making?

Theory