V2x ECUs New Measurement Challenges - Vector: Software · > Introduced in 3GPP Release 14 > New...

V1-0 | 2017-10-24

V2x ECUs – New Measurement Challenges

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u Why is V2x such a hot topic?

V2x – General Introduction

Standards and Organizations

V2x Measurement Challenges

Summary

Agenda

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Todays situation

Why is V2x such a hot topic?

u Current status of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS)

u Usage of sensors like radar, lidar, camerau Vision field up to 200m

u Traffic sign detection and interpretation is done by camera systems

Source: Daimler

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Limitations of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems


u Sensor systems are not able to “look” around a corner

?

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u Sensor systems only recognize objects in direct line of view

u Following vehicle are not aware about hazardous situations ahead

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u Sensor systems only recognizes objects in direct line of view

u Todays sensors cannot know when state of traffic light changes

u How long do I have to wait?

?

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u Can I still make it?

?

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u View is limited to ~200m

u Traffic Jam ahead?

u Hazardous situation ahead?

?

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u View is limited to ~200m

u Sensor quality (e.g. camera) is affected by bad weather conditions

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u V2x – General Introduction



Summary

Agenda

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Goal: Extend the Vehicles Field of Vision


u Provide more information about the environment to the existing Advanced Driver Assistant System

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What’s V2x/Car2x?


u V2x / Car2x

u Vehicle-to-vehicle communication

u Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication

u Car-to-car communication

u Car-to-infrastructure communication

u Vehicles communicate with each other

u Vehicles exchange data about their current position and speed and status information about lights, throttle and brake pedal,…

u Vehicles communicate with the infrastructure

u Vehicles using real time data from intelligent road side stations like beacons, traffic signs, traffic lights,…

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V2x Based Applications


V2x communication supports Advanced Driver Assistant Systems

Source:

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Standardized Application Messages


u Messages to transmit current status of vehicles

u General information about moving: Heading, Speed, Acceleration,…

u Status information of vehicles like size, lights, wiper,…

u Specific containers for emergency vehicles, public transport,…

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u Messages to send information about hazardous situations

u Example: Road Works Warning

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u Messages to transmit intersection topology and traffic light status

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u Standards and Organizations


Summary

Agenda

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Technical overview Car2x


u IEEE 802.11p

u DSRC (Dedicated short range communication)

u WLAN communication designed for automotive usage> Direct communication (V2V / V2I)

> Channels 172,174,176,178,180,182,184, each 10 MHz

u Low Latency, designed for safety relevant use cases

u Lots of operational field trials in the last years mature and available

u Cellular V2x

u Server based communication (Cloud)> Non time critical related use cases

> Reasonable in areas with less cars

u Direct (D2D) communication possible> Introduced in 3GPP Release 14

> New standard, not that many field operational trials finished

> Provides big potential with 5G in future

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Frame Overview


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Organizations EU/US


u IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

u Worldwide professional association of engineers, mainly from the fields of electrical engineering and information technology

u Aim is to create globally applicable standards for information and communication technologies

u Standard created for WLAN based V2x communication> IEEE 802.11p

u https://www.ieee.org

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EU Frame Overview


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Standards EU


u ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

u Non-profit organization recognized by the European Union as a European organization for standardization


u Example standards created for European Car2x> ETSI EN 302 636-4 (GeoNetworking )

> ETSI TS 103 097 (Security)

> ETSI EN 302 637-2 (CAM)

> ETSI EN 302 637-3 (DENM)

u http://www.etsi.org/

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Organizations EU


u Car 2 Car Communication Consortium

u Consists of European OEMs and Tier-One

u Working groups about Car2x topics

u Results of these working groups are passed to

ETSI for standardization

u If new application messages are required, this

organization is the right contact.

u https://www.car-2-car.org

https://www.car-2-car.org/

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US Frame Overview


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Standards US


u IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

u Worldwide professional association of engineers, mainly from the fields of electrical engineering and information technology


u Example standards created for US Car2x> WAVE IEEE 1609.3 (Network and Transport Protocol)

> WAVE IEEE 1609.2 (Security)

u https://www.ieee.org

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Standards US


u SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers)

u SAE International is a non-profit organization for technology and science dedicated to the development and standardization of mobility technology.

u Example standards created for US Car2x> SAEJ2735 (Dedicated Short Range Communications Message Set)

u http://www.sae.org/

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US Mandate – V2x NPRM


u NPRM: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; V2V Communications

A Proposed Rule by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on 01/12/2017

SUMMARY:

This document proposes to establish a new Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS), No. 150, to mandate vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications for new light vehicles and to standardize the message and format of V2V transmissions. … Without a mandate to require and standardize V2V communications, the agency believes that manufacturers will not be able to move forward in an efficient way and that a critical mass of equipped vehicles would take many years to develop, if ever. Implementation of the new standard will enable vehicle manufacturers to develop safety applications that employ V2V communications as an input, two of which are estimated to prevent hundreds of thousands of crashes and prevent over one thousand fatalities annually.

https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-highway-traffic-safety-administration

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/12

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u V2x Measurement Challenges

Summary

Agenda

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In-vehicle networking


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Combination of Internal and External Communication


IEEE 802.11p

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Interoperability


u Cooperative systems can only communicate if all parties speaksame language

u Interoperability is absolutely mandatory

u Interoperability between car manufacturers and infrastructure suppliers

u Global standards are needed

u Interoperability even if there are multiple release stages deployedu Ensure that systems are backward/forward compatible

(Vehicles lifetime 14-20 years)

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Application/Function Testing


u Gateway functionality V2x internal networks

u Complex test scenarios

u Example:Intersection collision warning in combination with red light violation warningu A large number of permutations have to be testedu Position and timing have a deep impact on the behaviour

u Real driving tests are necessary, but

u Difficult to perform, dangerous and expensiveu (e.g. Electronic Emergency brake light warning (EEBL))

u V2x is a data source among many others

u Hazardous situation can be detected by different sensors like radar, cameras,…

u Sensor fusion algorithm have to be developed and tested

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Application Message Handling


u Application messages are described in ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notification One)

u Encryption/Decryption of data necessary

u Complex structure

u Arrays are used

u Nested arraysu Memory usage on ECU?

u Application messages contain optional data elements

u Test tool specific:

u ASN.1 does not support units and conversion factor

u Additional description of parameters are only in specification or in comments

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Application Message Content


u Application messages contain lots of event, position and status information

u Analyzing of content without visualization hardly imaginable

u Common understanding of use cases is necessary and has to be tested

u What’s a traffic jam?

Source: Siemens

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u To stimulate a ECU/DUT the test tool has to support the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) handling

u Frames send by the test tool have to be accepted as trusted frame (valid signed) on the ECUu Test tools have to be able to send valid signed frames

u Vehicles change their certificates over time

u How to observe data/signals?

u Insertion of security header extends the frame length

u Key calculation and verification of frames need time and resources

u Runtime conditions change

Security


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u V2x communication supports Advanced Driver Assistant Systems

u V2x extends a vehicle’s field of visionu Possibility to recognize vehicles even they are not in direct view

u V2x enables the possibility to communicate with the infrastructureu For instance getting status information from a road side beacon or a traffig light

u V2x will simplify the way to autonomous driving

u V2x is a new technology for automotive industry

u Standards are released and available, but really mature?

u Compliance is a big topic

u Sensor fusion algorithms have to be developed and tested in a complex environmentu New test concepts and tools are necessary

V2x ECUs – New Measurement Challenges

Summary

37 © 2013. Vector Informatik GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1-0 | 2017-10-24

Author: Thomas Löffler

Vector Germany

For more information about Vectorand our products please visit

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V2x ECUs New Measurement Challenges - Vector: Software · > Introduced in 3GPP Release 14 > New...

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