V2X Communications Options – The Debate · 2017-09-27 · ITS-G5: access technology for C-ITS...

© HORIBA MIRA Ltd. 2017


V2X Communications Options – The DebateCWIC Starter: Transport and Mobility - LondonRoberto PonticelliMarch 23rd, 2017


Introduction

Vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X) and its associated solutions enable the exchange of information between vehicles and other parties like road network infrastructure, road users, etc. V2X seeks to: improve road safety, increase traffic flow efficiency, reduce the environmental impact of traffic and provide better traveller information services.

2CWIC Starter: Transport and Mobility - London

However, the technologies that will enable and sustain the progress toward these goals are not fully agreed by all the stakeholders and not fully specified by current standards. The debate is fierce and still ongoing. This presentation will explore some of the reasons behind this debate and the current V2X technological trends.

March 23, 2017


Table Of Content

■ V2X Debate

- Really? Why?

■ V2X Example: EU C-ITS Platform

- How the EU understands C-ITS and its challenges

- Actions taken and next steps

■ V2X Technologies Under Debate

- DSRC vs Cellular

- Supporters’ view

■ The Future

- Hybrid/5G?

V2X Debate

EU C-ITS Platform

V2X Technologies

The Future

March 23, 2017 3CWIC Starter: Transport and Mobility - London


V2X Debate

The V2X debate is

f ierce!

Seriously? Connectivity is

everywhere with a smartphone! If there

is no Wi-Fi, use Cellular data!

Cars won’t get connected

yet!



V2X Example: The EU C-ITS Platform- Some facts -

The potential of digital technologies and related business models in road transport is significant.

The steady and positive trend in road safety that the EU has seen over the last decade has

slowed down.

Road transport responsible for over 70% of transport greenhouse gas emissions, 39% of NOx

and 13% of particulate matter.

Every day, congested roads are a huge cost to the EU economy - Overall congestion costs are

currently estimated at 1% of GDP.

Today's vehicles are already connected devices, and in the near future they will also interact directly with each other and with the road infrastructure.



V2X Example: The EU C-ITS Platform- Some Conclusions -

6

Vehicles interaction is the domain of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), which will allow road users and traffic managers to share and use information previously not available

and to coordinate their actions.

Need for cooperation: vehicles warning each other of potentially dangerous situations (e.g. emergency braking or end of traffic jam queue); coordination with local road infrastructure (e.g. traffic lights

for optimal speed advice).

Vehicles to traffic control centres two-way communication enables faster detection and mitigation of problems.

C-ITS expected to significantly improve road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort of driving, helping the driver to take the right

decisions and adapt to the traffic situation.

March 23, 2017CWIC Starter: Transport and Mobility - London


Since November 2014, the Commission has hosted the C-ITS Platform as a Commission Expert Group to identify remaining barriers

and propose solutions for C-ITS deployment in Europe.

V2X Example: The EU C-ITS Platform- Some Actions -

7

The first phase of the C-ITS platform resulted in an expert report, unanimously endorsed by the platform participants in January 2016. The

expert report was complemented by a Cost Benefit Analysis and a Public Consultation.

.

Following the recommendations of the C-ITS Platform, the Commission has identified issues which should be tackled at EU level to ensure

coordinated deployment of C-ITS services in 2019.

Day 1 C-ITS services – when deployed in an interoperable way across Europe – will

produce a benefit cost ratio of up to 3 to 1 based on cumulative costs and benefits from

2018 to 2030.

A more digitised service may also become more vulnerable to hacking and cyber-

attacks. Without clear rules, adopted at the Union level, C-ITS deployment in the EU will

be delayed.

A common security and certificate policy for C-ITS deployment in Europe needs to be

developed. For instance defining the European C-ITS Trust model based on Public Key

Infrastructure to secure C-ITS communications.



V2X Example: The EU C-ITS Platform- Technological Challenges -

8

Currently, the most promising mix is a

combination of ETSI ITS-G5 and existing cellular networks.



V2X Example: The EU C-ITS Platform- Further Actions -

9

In 2008, designated a specific frequency band for safety-related applications. Initial deployment for short range V2V and V2I will be based on technologies

already available using this band and operate in seamless co-existence with 5G under a complementarity principle.

Public stakeholder consultation on possible EU-level actions to support the deployment of C-ITS in the EU launched on 24 June 2016, open for responses until 16 September 2016 (12 weeks).

Respondents gave widespread support for the hybrid communication approach: < 5% disagrees with initial deployment based on ETSI ITS-G5, and the vast majority sees 5G as important in the long-term.

Supported creation of stakeholders associations; e.g. the Amsterdam Group Strategic alliance of key stakeholders to facilitate joint deployment of C-ITS in

Europe. Includes umbrella organisations as CEDR, ASECAP, POLIS and C2C-CC;

stakeholders with means to develop and deploy cooperative ITS in Europe. In 2016, Member States and the Commission launched the C-Roads Platform

Link C-ITS deployment activities, jointly develop and share technical specifications and to verify interoperability through cross-site testing.



V2X Debate (cont.)

The EU sais: there is a need for a hybrid communication

approach in C-ITS

Wi-Fi + Cellular, why was so hard to grasp

what seems to be common sense?

…isn’t it?



V2X Debate (cont.)

Wi-Fi + Cellular, why was so hard to grasp

what seems to be common sense?

…isn’t it?

Not exactly!

Many technical requirements of C-ITS precludes the use Wi-Fi and/or Cellular communications in their current state for V2X.

C-ITS could benefit from these technologies if specific provisions and additions to the current standards are developed.



V2X Technologies Under Debate- Who are they? – DSRC

March 23, 2017 12

“DSRC”

ITS-G5

WAVE

Wi-Fi and

802.11p

Wi-Fi: wireless local area networking, based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.

802.11p: originally IEEE Std 802.11p-2010, now part of the IEEE Std 802.11-2012.

WAVE: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment, standardised in the US.

ITS-G5: access technology for C-ITS standardised in the EU by the ETSI, based on 802.11p.

DSRC: Dedicated Short Range Communications Loosely used globally to refer to V2X non-cellular

communicationsDifferent proper meanings in the US and EU.

• EU - CEN DSRC for road tolling.• US - family of standards supporting V2V with

focus on vehicular safety, based on 802.11p.

CWIC Starter: Transport and Mobility - London


V2X Technologies Under Debate- Who are they? – Cellular

March 23, 2017 13

“Cellular”

4G3G 2G

2G: Second-generation, two flavours. GSM, defined by ETSI.

• First deployed in Finland in 1991.• Main data technologies - GPRS and EDGE.

CDMAone. 3G: third-generation technology, two flavours.

UMTS: developed by 3GPP, radio interfaces mostly based on WCDMA.

• 2/3 of the market.• Data technologies like HSPA+.

CDMA2000: developed by 3GPP2, based on 2G CDMA.• 1/3 of the market.• Data technologies like 1X/EVDO.

4G: beyond 3G, 3GPP has defined LTE and LTE-Advanced. Some goals are high spectral efficiency and data rates, short

round trip time, flexibility in frequency and bandwidth.



V2X Technologies Under Debate- Supporters’ view – 802.11p

March 23, 2017 14

Ready for DAY 1 applications. Field proven, compliance tested solutions . Leverage Wi-Fi ecosystem. Spectrum already allocated. Security based on PKI. Active standardization efforts from three

standards organizations - ISO, ETSI, and CEN.

× Asynchronous system.× Reduced spatial reuse and link budget.× Reduced range.× Need for many RSU’s, not currently

deployed.× Very limited bandwidth when considering

more sophisticated use cases.



V2X Technologies Under Debate- Supporters’ view – Cellular

March 23, 2017 15

3GPP has a very strong record with technology. Longer range and higher message throughput. Synchronous technology, no carrier sensing

overhead. Two V2V modes: direct and via the network. Enables wider variety of use cases. Big data enabler.

× 3GPP V2X system for LTE still under definition.

× V2V spectrum to be defined and allocated.× Security currently based on SIM cards and

network access.× Privacy concerns due to network presence.



The Future of V2X- How would it look like? -

March 23, 2017 16

Work on making 802.11p and LTE/5G coexisting for C-ITS

Day1

• UK Autodrive• UK CITE

Develop the heterogeneous vehicular

networking system to support further use-cases

Define the new radio and network technologies that will accommodate seamlessly V2X

and other ITC use cases

http://www.newyorker.com/cartoons/a19697

“Does your car have any idea why my car pulled it over?”


http://www.newyorker.com/cartoons/a19697


Contact Details

17

HORIBA MIRA Ltd.Watling Street,Nuneaton, Warwickshire,CV10 0TU, UK

T: +44 (0)24 7635 5000F: +44 (0)24 7635 8000

www.horiba-mira.com

Dr Roberto PonticelliChief EngineerIntelligent Mobility

Direct T: +44 (0)24 7635 5772M: +44 (0)7736 497002E: [email protected]

Thank you!


V2X Communications Options – The Debate · 2017-09-27 · ITS-G5: access technology for C-ITS...

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