V ISUALIZING E XPRESSIVE P ERFORMANCE IN T EMPO -L OUDNESS S PACE Presented by Vinoth...

VISUALIZING EXPRESSIVE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPO-

LOUDNESS SPACE

Presented by Vinoth Kulaveerasingam

QMUL ELE021/ELED021/ELEM021 • 5 Mar 2012

Paper by Jorg Langner and Werner Goebl

VISUALIZING EXPRESSIVE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPO-LOUDNESS

SPACE

What is the aim?

How is it done?

How is it tested?


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Data gathering and Processing:

Method to take the reading

Data Reduction

Timing

Loudness


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Method to take the reading: Special recording

Midi (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), It is a system which records music.

Audio recording (AR) Original piece of music.

Data Reduction: Windowing (smoothed)

Take section of music (in this case very close to one bar of played music), smoothed using the Gaussian window.


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Timing: Special recording

Midi has a built onset recognizer. AR:

Interactive software tool for automatic beat detection. Detect as many onset as possible then compute the

beat. The beat can be corrected manually.

Loudness: Zwicker’s loudness model

Measured in sones.


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Display: After all the data has been gathered, it is been is

played into a two dimension space of tempo (on the x axis) and loudness (on the y axis):


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Case Study 1 : Chopin’s E-Major Etude 3 samples of music

Pianist 9 Pianist 18 Maurizio Pollini

The first two pianists (Pianist 9 and 18) has been asked to play until bar 21 of the “Chopin’ s Etude” on a Bosendorfer SE290

The aim is to see the correlation between Tempo and Loudness in a visual way.


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Pianist 9:


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Pianist 18:


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Maurizio Pollini:


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Case Study 2 : Schubert’s G-Flat-Major Impromptu 2 samples of music

Alfred Brendel (1997) Todd Hybrid Model

The aim of this study is to see if Neil Todd’ s model about Tempo and Loudness is true. He stated that : “The faster the louder, slower the softer”


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Comparison of the two samples:


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Analysis of each sample: Alfred Brendel (1997)

Todd Hybrid Model It is not perfect “faster-louder” model. Different parameter for timing and intensity were

chosen. The loudness unit is in sone.

Comparison: Difference is huge.


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Analysis of the experiment: Increase in tempo then loudness Counter clockwise movement of the Tempo-loudness

graph

To be proven by future experiments: Increase loudness at maximum tempo Decrease tempo at maximum loudness Decrease loudness at minimum tempo Increase tempo at loudness minimum


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Future: Many future application

Help musician to understand better. Can be used to teach music

SOURCE

Langner J. & Goebl W. (2003). Visualizing Expressive Performance in Tempo-Loudness Space. Computer Music Journal, 27(4): 69-83.

V ISUALIZING E XPRESSIVE P ERFORMANCE IN T EMPO -L OUDNESS S PACE Presented by Vinoth...

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