Uzbekistan.pptx

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Uzbekistan A REPORT OF GROUP 2



By the ancient legend, the Lord allotted lands of the created wor

Being kind and friendly, Uzbek made the way for everyone in the crow

Markhamat.” When, finally, it was his turn, the Lord said to him: "My son, you

have already finished the allotment of lands. Where were you before?"

the Heavenly Father and, laying his hand on his chest, said," Oh, our Cre

me to be always merciful and to love neighbors. And I, the servant of Go

to everyone who wished to go forward and therefore I am the last who

your eyes".Face of God brightened up and pure smile lit up his face. He said:

You turned out a truly generous person with pure soul. And now I am g

land that I left for myself and which is like a paradise."

So the Creator of Heaven and Earth gave Uzbek the land which w

large rivers, flowing from the mountains. The name of this land is Uzbekis

The Legend of UZbekistan



The topography of Uzbekistan is about 80%

sandy, scrubby desert, including the massive Kyzyl

Kum. The mountains of the southeast and northeast

are foothills and lower mountains of the Tian Shan

Range, an extension of the Himalayas.● The Fergana Valley, between northeast and

southeast mountain ranges, is reportedly home to

the most desirable agricultural land and climate in all

of western Asia. In the far west, Uzbekistan isdominated by vast lowlands, the Amu Darya River valley, the Ustyurt Plateau

southern half of the Aral Sea. The Aral Sea, located in both Kazakhstan and Udisappearing. Mismanagement of this valuable sea by the overuse of its tribu

now recognized as one of the world's worst environmental disasters.

The most significant rivers of Uzbekistan include the Amu Darya and Syr Dar

include Lake Ayddrkul and Lake Sarykamish.

●Uzbekistan's highest point is Adelunga Toghi at 10,298 ft. (4,301 m).

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nvironment

Two major river in Uzbekistan:

1. Amu Darya (also called Amu River) – has 2,400 kilometres total lengthformed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers and flows into th

In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Gre

and Turan.

2. Syr Darya – has 2,212 km total length. The second part of the name m

though "Syr Darya River" is the conventional name.

Desert● The Uzbekistan geography is dominated by its vast stretches of desert la

eighty percent of the geography of Uzbekistan is dominated by desert area

Desert is one of the main desert ,which lie in between Samarkand and Buk



Amu Darya River Syr Darya R



Qizilkum Desert



Two major lakes in Uzbekistan:

1. Lake Ayddrkul (also called Aydarkul) – has area of 3000 square meters, t

250 km and width – from 8 to 15 km. The area around the lake best suite

rides on horse back and camelback.

2. Lake Sarykamish - Approximately the northwest quarter of the lake belo

of Uzbekistan, while the rest belongs to Turkmenistan.

Mountains

1. Adelunga Toghi - the highest point of Tashkent Province at 4,301 meters,

higher than the nearby Mount Beshtor, located a little further to the sou

same range, and it is often erroneously identified in various web sources

point in Uzbekistan“ 2. Mount Beshtor - rises to 4,299 m in Pskem Range in the north-eastern ti

Tashkent Province. Located on the southern border with Kyrgyzstan, a sh

the south-west from another towering peak in Pskem Range, Mount Ade

Toghi, 4,301 m).

●Beshtor is the second highest peak in both Tashkent Province and the Pske



◦Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th cresistance to the Red Army after World War I wasuppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924

Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletsupplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Acertain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the cto gradually lessen its dependence on agricu

developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Curreinclude terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagthe curtailment of human rights and democratization



Location: Central Asia, north of Afghanistan

Geographic

coordinates:41 00 N, 64 00 E

Area:total: 447,400 sq kmland: 425,400 sq km

water: 22,000 sq km

Climate: mostly mid latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassla

Terrain:

mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys alon

Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Taji

shrinking Aral Sea in west

Environment -

current issues:

shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides ansubstances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertif

from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many h

increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultur

DDT

Ethnic Groups Ethnic groups: Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%,

Languages Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Other Information



Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of in

irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely

communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter, a

gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and ma

independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Sov

economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Uzbekistan

negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial cris

import substitute industrialization and by tightening export and currency

already largely closed economy. The government, while aware of the nee

investment climate, sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income di

the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accep

of Article VIII under the International Monetary Fund (IMF), providing

convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders

effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have furthe

activity.

Economy



Traditions and Customs

Customs and traditions of the Uzbek people have been forming for centuries. The

impressive and different, dating back to different epochs and religions. Initial formation of

back to the 6th-7th centuries BC, by that time nomadic tribes shifted to a settled way of

Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Zarafshan and founded first states. Former nomads founded sebringing with them customs and traditions based on ancient cults of their ancestors.

Uzbekistan, Transoxiana, being parts of ancient states – Khorezm, Sogdiana, Bactria - b

formation of culture, which subsequently became the basis of Uzbek culture.

Over centuries, traditions and customs of Uzbek people remained almost unchanged despit

invaders to impose alien culture on. The Arabs had the greatest influence on Uzbek cus

through the expansion of Islam throughout Central Asia. Islam traditions were closely i

Islamic beliefs and traditions, local culture, and firmly settled in the mode and minds of theCenturies-old customs and traditions of the Uzbek people are carefully maintained a

generation to generation. Like many Asian nations, most festive Uzbek customs are relat

celebrations: wedding and birth. These events include many rites and rituals, involvin

brothers, sisters, immediate and remote relatives even neighbors and guests, ach one ha

traditions are based on hospitality, respect for elders, collectivism, manifeste

in makhallas (Uzbek residential quarters) – repository of age-old national basis.

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Uzbek Literature ..

At the development basis of modern Uzbek literature is rich folklore –

speakings or oral folk arts. The people wrote and handed down heroic epics,

whose characters were heroes, presented in the images of evil forces, who

were fighting against their oppressors and enslavers. This is the way how epicsof Uzbek folklore, such as “Koroghlu” and “Alpamysh” were created.

Alpamysh, which tells the story of courage and bravery of the Uzbek warriors,

survived centuries and became a real monument of oriental literature.

Another genius of people’s art is a cycle of latifas – tales and legends about

Effendi – Hodja Nasreddin, a deft, witty dodger, who gives lesson to the greedy

rich and the powers that be with his mischievous pranks.

The XI century featured a host of works, based on religious norms of Islamicmorality They are the insightful poem “Kugadau Bilig” (“Knowledge of Grace”

or “The Science of Happiness”) (1069) by Yusuf Khas Khadjib Balasaguni (Yusuf

Balasagun), the poem “Hibat al-Haqa'iq” (“The Gift of the Truth”) by Akhmad

Yugnaki, and, of course, “Dictionary of Turkic Dialects” (1072-74), compiled by

Makhmud Kashgari.

Uzbek Literature



The golden age of Uzbek literature fell on

epoch of Amir Timur and his dynasty. Its

attributed to the fact that the works b

secular and free from excessive religioperiod, when the great oriental poet, ph

politician Alisher Navoi, who is consid

classic of Uzbek literature and founder

language, was flourishing. His immo

“Chordevon” and “Khamsa” are inclthesaurus of world literature and tr

hundreds of the world’s languages.



The last of the Timurid dynasty, the founder of the Great Mogul statexisted for two centuries, Zahiriddin Mukhammad Babur was not onlyand commander, but also notable as an outstanding poet of the time“Baburnama” which describes his biography, and history of the peopleAfghanistan and India, became a chef-d'oeuvre of Uzbek literature, valua

literary monument of the time.

Uzbek literature of the XVIII-XIX centuries is lyric and mainly devoted toperiod were flourishing such poets as Nadira Uvaisi, Mashrab, Khorezmi a

At the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries, after the annexato the Russian Empire began a new modern period of Uzbek litera

presented by outstanding persons such as poet Mukimi and writer, Furqat. The Soviet era gave us such talents as poet and playwright HNiazi, poet and writer Sadriddin Ayni, the first Uzbek novelist Abdullah Kphilosopher Fitrat - both of them were repressed under Stalin. Their lwere continued by Oybek, Gafur Gulam, Abdulla Kahhar Khamid Alimothers.

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History

Uzbekistan is located in the heart of Central Asia, b

rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya. History of nat

territory, is more than thousand years. This land beca

of civilization, which is perhaps one of the most ancienHistory of Uzbekistan is the history of individuals

bloody conquests and large rebellions; it is the histo

most beautiful cities in Central Asia; it is the histo

wholeheartedly loved their homeland.

People settled on the territory of Uzbekistan centuries

beautiful cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and others, which were ruined by neighborto people’s efforts they again rose from the ashes and became much beautiful. This land

the Great Silk Road, connecting Asia and Europe. Here, in numerous bazaars and w

created fine works of art, which by the Silk Road reached the most remote parts of Europ



According to archeologists, Uzbekistan is one of the most

habitation. It is known, that the area was inhabited long b

Paleolithic period, according to the findings of ancient dw

mountains and primitive tools in Samarkand. In the upper

land was settled by Neanderthals; their burial place, disco

cave, dates back to the Moustierian culture. Particularly, a

the burial of 8-9 years old boy that gives grounds to speakritual of burial on the territory of Central Asia. The child’s b

surrounded by bones of a mountain goat. Excavations sho

period hunted and gathered food from natural sources. Pr

of a stone as well as wood and bones.

With the development of humanity images of life rock paintings (petroglyphs) began to appear: hunti

Exploring the petroglyphs of different periods of history one can "read" the history of mankind: the d

animals, the first religious ideas, the emergence of weapons and much more - all this is embedded by

rocks.

Next epoch was the Mesolithic era, 15-20 millenniums ago. Typical monuments of that period are a p

Samarkand, upper soil layers of Machay cave of the Baysun region, rock paintings in the Shibad region

Developed Neolithic era is characterized by the transition to a lower stage of barbarism, as evidenced

the western part of Kyzyl Kum desert, near Amu Darya River, settlement in Uzgun, northern part of Ka

dwellings in Surkhandarya region and findings in Tashkent, Fergana, Samarkand and Surkhandarya reg

pottery, shepherd cattle-breeding and weaving were developed.

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Bronze epoch in the history of Uzbekistan includes the period

millennium to early centuries of 1st millenniums BC. It was

transformations, formation of first states on the territory of tw

Ancient Baktria and Great Khorezm. It was the period of

religion in Central Asia, Zoroastrianism, and first powerf

Achaemenids.



The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the Hea

executive authority in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The presidelected for a term of seven years, by citizens of Uzbekis

reached 18 years of age. Islam Karimov has been the only

Uzbekistan since the establishment of the office, an

consecutive elections which many considered to have bee

third election was the most controversial since he had been and the current Constitution stipulated a maximum of tw

explanation given by him was that his first term in office, of f

under the previous Constitution and did not count towards th

Uzbekistan President



Islam Karim

Born: January 30, 1938

Samarkand, Uzbekistan

President of Uzbekista

1991



Uzbekistan people are represented by multiple nationalities and ethnic group

and nationalities live in this country, and among them there are not only native nation

Tajiks, Kazakhs, Kirghizes, Uygures, Dungans, but also representatives of Europe and East

Germans, Jews, Lithuanians, Poles, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Greeks, Turks. Also big dia

Iranians, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Ossetians and Chechens live in Uzbekistan

Such ethnic diversity of Uzbek people is due to various historical events occured o

Uzbekistan. Many ethnic nations of Soviet republics were evacuated here during the W

(Russians, Tatars, Armenians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Germans, Jews and etc.),

certain nations were exiled here during Stalin’s repressions (Koreans, Tatars, Chechens, J

Today Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia and the thi

population in CIS after Russia and Ukraine. Today Uzbekistan population exceeds 30

About 80% of population are Uzbeks, more than 10% are representatives of Central A

(4,5%), Kazakhs (2,5%), Karakalpaks (2%), Kirghizes (1%), Turkmens and others). Ot

groups include Russians (5%) and other Slavic nations.

Uzbek People



The Uzbek language is the only official state language. Though the major part

speak Russian language. In some regions such as in Samarkand and Bukhara local peop

language.

Due to the hot and dry climate, dominance of mountain and desert landscape in Uzbekis

live in oases. In desert areas of the republic the population density is very low. So Karaka

regions number only 7-9 people per square kilometer and the most populous region th

numbers about 500 people per square kilometer. It is the largest rate of population

countries.

The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. An

the nation of mixed ethnogeny with Caucasoid and Mong

The formation of Uzbek nation is closely related with

Central Asia: Soghdians, Bactrians, Sacks, Massagets and

been settling in Central Asian area and surrounding te

centuries.But the name Uzbeks appeared only in the 15-16th centu

comprise the majority of Uzbekistan population. Also larg

be found in neighboring Central Asia’s republics, Afghan

CIS. By religion, Uzbeks are Muslims, mostly Sunni.



The urbanization process in Uzbekistan caused to the inc

number of cities, and consequently to the increase i

population. Today in Uzbekistan cities live more than 4

population. The largest city is Tashkent. It is the capital of U

numbers over 2 millions of population. Tashkent is the admi

business center of the republic. A lot of industrial enterprises

large companies are located here. Tashkent is noted for

museums, parks and many others. Other major cities includ

Bukhara, Khiva, Andijan, Ferghana.About 60% of Uzbek population lives in rural places. As a

families have many children, especially in villages. The av

consists of 5-7 people. According to centuries-old traditions a

of Uzbek people, family was and is one of the most importan

modern society.



Religion

● Islam is by far the dominant religious faith in Uzbekistan. In the early 1

the Russians remaining in the republic (about 8 percent of the pop

Orthodox Christians. An estimated 93,000 Jews also were present..

Despite its predominance, Islam is far from monolithic, however. Many v

faith have been practiced in Uzbekistan. The conflict of Islamic traditio

agendas of reform or secularization throughout the twentieth century

outside world with a confused notion of Islamic practices in Central Asia..

In Uzbekistan the end of Soviet power did not

bring an upsurge of a fundamentalist versionof Islam, as many had predicted, but rather a

gradual reacquaintance with the precepts of

the faith.



PoliticalThe Republic of Uzbekistan declared September 1, 1991 the Day of Indep

country appeared on world map and its priorities were to establish a free democr

develop a market economy. The Republic has been recognized by more than 1

diplomatic relations have been established with more than 120. The embassiescountries and many authorized international non-governmental agencies have set

Tashkent. The embassies of Uzbekistan operate in 25 countries of the world and

countries. The country joined the UN in March 1992.Since the first days of i

government of the country has found the way to meet the interests of the Uzbek n

social, political and economic stability.At present trade-economic links have bee

more than 140 countries. More than 3800 joint ventures operate in the Repu

volume of exported goods has increased 1,5 times.Support to on-going reforms in

social spheres is provided by the international financial structures.Uzbekistan is

operation with well-known international organizations such as the EU, OSC

strengthening mutually beneficial bilateral relations with many countries of Euro

Africa, and the countries of the CIS.



Culture

Uzbekistan culture is very colorful and distinctive. It has been formed over millenn

in traditions and customs of various nations settled on the territory of today Uzbekistan.

The main contribution to the development was made by ancient Iranians, nomad Turkic tri

Russians. Traditions of multinational Uzbekistan reflected in the music, dances, fine art, ap

cuisine and clothing. Population of the republic, especially rural population revere traditio

the history of the country.

The Great Silk Road played a great role in the development of Uzbekistan culture. Being th

from China to two destinations: first one was to Ferghana Valley and Kazakh steppes and

Bactria, and then to Parthia, India and Middle East up to Mediterranean Sea. The Silk Road f

not only goods, but also technologies, languages, ideas, religions. Thereby the Great Silk Ro

of Buddhism on the territory of Central Asia, where you still may find traces of Buddhist cu

Tadjikistan, Buddhist temple in Kuva, Ferghana valley, Fayaz-Tepa near Termez in Uzbekistan

Music and musical instruments traveled together with vagrant musicians following carav

paper manufacture, iron coining and embossing also moved from country to country.

In 1991 Uzbekistan obtained its independence that promoted the rapid development

traditional applied art, rebirth of Uzbek traditions and customs, development of Uzbekistan

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The huge and compound mountain system of Central Asia belongs to the highest mountain systems omountain ranges. The range crosses the whole Eurasian continent from West to East. The Tian Shan

Alay mountain systems are included to its central and highest part, so called “High Asia” and compo

edge. Uzbekistan mountains cover an area of 96 thousand sq.km., that is 21,3 % of the territory of th

Uzbekistan Mountains is a very popular place for resting.

Chimgan is a unique and nice corner not only of Uzbekistan, but the whole Western Tian Shan. The w

(Chim en) itself is translated as “Green soft grass”.

Mountains

Mountains of Uzbekistan refer to the mountain s

Tien Shan and Southern Tien Shan (Gissar-Alay

Zaravshan, Gissar, Karategin,

The high of the mountains on the territory of Uz

than 4000 m., but all picks of 4000 m, high are sit

regions. For example,

● Khazrat-Sultan Pick – the highest point in U

Gissar ridge, located in Surhandarya region border

Pick (4301 m.) is the highest point in Pskem

Kyrgyzstan, as well as Beshtor Pick (4299 m.).

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Chimgan is the most popular ski resort in Uzbekistan, located in 85 km. from the capital of Uzbekis

Chatkal ridge at an altitude of 1600 m. The main point of the whole adjoining mountain region is G

m.). In winter and spring there are more guests in this area. In summer and autumn there is a relat

few tourists during this period. Winter is a hot time for skiers, lugers and lovers to ski on a sheet (c

weekends and holidays the tourists come here by buses from Tashkent and other regions. Spring is

rock climbers, sky surfers or glider pilots. And at the beginning of June lovers of amateur songs com

regions of Uzbekistan and other regions.

●Charvak reservoir is located in Bostanlyk district, Tashkent region, in the North of the regio

the river Chirchik, at the confluence of the rivers Pskem and Chatkal, between the spurs of Ugam a

the Western Tian Shan. The reservoir is formed with the rock-dam of Charvak hydrostation, which

The volume of the reservoir is approximately 2 cubic km. In the area of Charvak reservoir there are

historical and archeological monuments. Particularly, not far from the reservoir on the river Paltau

of the river Chatkal, there is a famous site of primitive people.

On the bank of the reservoir there are many boarding houses, resorts and child summer sports an

● Beldersay is a popular ski resort. It is situated in Gazalkent

region, in 80 km. from Tashkent and 5 km. from the ski resort “Ch

unique place, not many resorts can boast such a potential. Thank

the resort is actual during all seasons. One can see the gallery – r

hunters (petroglyths) in the picturesque gorge of Beldersay.



Uzbekistan, the gem of Central Asia is one of the poorest

the world. Though the destinations of Uzbekistan do not a

position in the traveler’s tour destination thereafter, it is imremain untouched from its unique attractions. Let’s see how

tourism can be a great deal for you:



1. Tashkent

◦Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, is beautiful city of the country. The city is lined

developed streets and avenues, which are decogardens, fountains and green parks. There atourist attractions in this wonderful city shistorical monuments namely Architectural

Zengi-Ata, Ensemble Khazret Imam; arts shops like Alayski Bazaar and drama theTheater Ilkhom, Alisher Navoi Opera aTheater.



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2.Samarkand

◦Samarkand, the historic town is situated in the valleyZarafshan. The city has a surprising collection monuments. The legendary city has so many histories which only can be best known by visiting monuments. The prime monuments of the city aSquare- a traditional center of the region; Bibi-Khanthe majestic structure of Amir Temur's times and

Three Religions where Muslims, Jews and Christianstogether to their Apart from that, the city is the prime business hub owhere one can find several industries and mills.



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3. Bukhara

◦First time visitors can find numbers of arcmonuments in Bukhara dating back to th

Ages. Fortress Ark one of the oldest monuBukhara is located in the heart of the cionce was the dwelling place of rulers servants of that time. The great historical Spassing through Bukhara. Some worth attractions of the city are Bukhara museumand galleries.



4 Khiva



4. Khiva

◦The desert city, Khiva is known for its majestimonuments. To watch its attractions, just wa

main streets, where you will find varieties of smosques, minarets, mausoleums and madancient times which has given the city an look. Some famous attractions of the city whe

make your Khiva tour remarkable are Kunya-AWalls and Gates of Khiva, Kutlug Murad Inak and Islam-Hojja Minaret.



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5 Nukus

◦Nukus is a beautiful city of Uzbekis

main interest of the city is its three museums. Those are the KarakalpMuseum, Appled Art Museum aSavitsky where tourist can see mo50,000 of paintings and work of aronce were banned during Soviet peri

Uzbekistan.pptx

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