UX Design - Engageengage.ug/engage.nsf/pages/2012_Slides_a/$file/Blug-CSS3... · 2018-10-07 · UX...

UX Design how CSS3 and HTML5 can help

Steve Mc Donagh

Tuesday, 27 March 12

Who is Steve McDonagh?Maths NerdWannabe Rock StarRegistered Nurse25+ Years in as an IBM Midrange IT Geek15 years almost exclusively in the Lotus PortfolioPast President of my local Art Society Underground Comic ArtistPainter


So you probably have no reason to listen to me ........

other than I sort ofknow what I am doing


Design isthinking made visual”

“

Saul Bass1920 - 1996


“To design is to devise. It is a process and a way of thinking.”

A design is the result of the process of designing. As a people-centred, problem-solving process, design is a strategic tool, and a way to address challenges

facing both public and private organisations.


Design matters!Tuesday, 27 March 12

so...are you just a developeror are you a designer?


Design PrincipalsBalanceRhythmProportionDominanceUnity


Balance

HorizontalVertical

andRadial

Symmetries balance well


Balance

Asymmetrical balance occurs when the weight of a composition is not evenly distributed around a central axis. It involves the arranging of objects of differing size in a composition such that they balance one another with their respective visual weights.


Rhythm

Regular: A regular rhythm occurs when the intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves, are similar in size or length.


Rhythm

Flowing: A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement, and is often more organic in nature.


Rhythm

Progressive: A progressive rhythm shows a sequence of forms through a progression of steps.


Proportion

Every element exists in a relationship of scale between one element and another.

Notice how the smaller elements above seem to recede into the background while the larger elements come to the front.


Dominance

Dominance relates to varying degrees of emphasis in design. It determines the visual weight of a composition, establishes space and perspective, and often resolves where and how the eye travels when looking at a design.


UnityThe brain will add in details you omitclosing the design without addition of other elements

The eyes will naturally follow dominant lines of perspective until something of a greater dominance catchs the attention

The brain will accept objects of a similar shape and colour as a group.Notice how much easier it is to group and define the shapes on the left


Design TipsContrast or oppositionPositive and negative spaceRule of ThirdsVisual CentreColour and typography


Contrast and OppositionElements within your design with either contrast or oppose each other. Learn to balance this to maximize the dynamic tension in your design.

Postive and negative spaceThe elements on your page are the positive space in your design the space that is left is the negative space. You need to achieve a balance between the two.

Visual CentreThe visual centre of your design is slightly above and to the right of the actual centre. This tends to be the natural placement of the viewer’s focus.


Question -Why does

Bill Buchanlook

normal?Tuesday, 27 March 12

1

1.62


ΦIs everywhere!The rule of Thirds


Grids!

Grids!

Grids!Tuesday, 27 March 12

ColorTuesday, 27 March 12

http://colorschemedesigner.com/Tuesday, 27 March 12

http://colorschemedesigner.com

http://colorschemedesigner.com

Colour Wheel

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Split ComplimentaryAnalogus

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Warm & Cold Split

Complementary colors are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out.Complementary colors are really bad for text.

Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye.

This color scheme has the s a m e s t r o n g v i s u a l c o n t r a s t a s t h e c o m p l e m e n t a r y c o l o r scheme, but has less tension.

The split-complimentary color scheme is often a good choice for beginners, because it is difficult to mess up.


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Do not design for IE6!

Design from the content out

Semantics give meaning

The world is just one big list

Greyframe or Wireframe your ideas

Interactive prototypes rule

GET CREATIVE

Design Tips


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“An appropriate design strategy allows every user to consume as much visual and interactive richness as their environment can support. This approach builds a rich experience on top of an accessible core, without compromising that core”

Nate Koechley


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Look at your content (or what you content is going to be) and rather than force the content to behave inside the design. Let the content lead the design

Optimise you content order on any given page with an outline just like an author writing a book would.

Start by giving each of the elements of your project a semantic name.

You will find the content will soon starts to define its own structure


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In markup, “semantics” means how that element describes the content it contains.

This list has no order

An ordered list of top selling items

A top-level heading

A comment from a happy customer

<UL> <OL> <H1> and <BLOCKQUOTE>

See the content as meaningful elements. Looking at naked data and moving outwards towards the design without that sudden dive in to presentational hacks to get it to work


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The world is one big listEvery where you look in the real world there are lists, lot and lots of lists

There are 50+ HTML elements and only 3 types of list however strip away the style and you will find <UL>s <OL>s and <DL>s all over the place. In groups of links, in menus, in tabbed navigations and even in forms as an aid to layout input elements and their labels


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Prototype !

Prototype !

Prototype !


ComplimentaryTuesday, 27 March 12

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Image free visual effects

Multiple-Column Layouts

Box Transformations

Unique Downloadable Fonts

Additional powerful selectors

Script free transitions and animations

New Media Queries

CSS3 - What’s New


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Classes add bulk to your HTML

Markup may be controlled by a CMS or plugin

Your client may be in control of the content

You may not be allowed to touch the HTML

Classes can be time consuming

Attribute Selectors


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img[alt] {border: 3px solid #0c0 }


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CSS 2.1 Attribute selectorsCSS 2.1 Attribute selectors

[attr] Matches an element with the attr present regardless of its value

[attr=val] Matches and element whose attr is exactly VAL

[attr-=val] Matches an element whose ATTR is a list of space-separated list of words one of which is exactly VAL

[attr|=val] Matches an element whose ATTR is either exactly VAL or contains

VAL


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CSS 3 New Attribute selectorsCSS 3 New Attribute selectors

[attr^=val] Matches an element where the ATTR starts with VAL

[attr$=val] Matches an element where the ATTR ends with VAL

[attr*=val] Matches and element where the ATTR contains VAL somewhere in the string


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input:not([type=submit])

Don’t forget “NOT” Matching


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*** TIP ***

If you get all confused about what a complex selector

will actually to try out this web resource

http://gallery.theopalgroup.com/selectoracle/

This will give you a plain English (or spanish) explanation of the your CSS code










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The easy way of doing this in CSS


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<ul><li><a href=‘files/MyPDF.pdf’>PDF Example</a>

</li><li><a href=‘files/MyDoc.doc’>DOC Example</a>

</l><li><a href=‘files/MyPPT.ppt’>PPT Example</a>

</li></ul>

Create the list


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ul a {display:block;

min-height: 20px;

padding-left: 25px;

background-repeat: no-repeat;

background-position: 0px 3px;}

Style the list <A>’s to accept the images


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a[href$=”.pdf”] {background-image: url(ico_pdf.png);}

a[href$=”.doc”] {background-image: url(ico_doc.png);}

a[href$=”.ppt”] {background-image: url(ico_ppt.png);}


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You get greater control over element selection by combining selection criteria

a[href$=’.xls’][href*=‘dashboard’] { background-image: url(dash.png); }


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http://ie7-js.googlecode.com/svn/version/2.1(beta4)/IE7.js




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Other use examplesStyle for languages using [lang=en]

Style for elements that have title set div[title]

Style for email links [href^=mailto]

Style for links to secure sites [href^=https]

Display images with the alt text as a captionimg[alt]:after { content: attr(alt) }


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:root Always the root element of a document so always HTML

:nth-child() The nth child element of a parent starting from 1

:nth-last-child() The nth child element of a parent starting from the last upwards

:nth-of-type() The nth child element of a parent based on the type of the child

:nth-last-of-type() Same as nth-of-type except backwards

:first-child The first child of an element

:last-child The last child of an element

:first-of-type The first child of an element of a particular type

:last-of-type The last child of an element of a particular type

:only-child The only element of its type in the parent element

:empty Selects that have no children (or text) elements

New Structural Pseudo Classes


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:nth-child() works by allowing you to select the child by its ordinal index

#MyList li:nth-child(5) - would select the 5th LI in the list with the ID MyList

alternately you can use a iterative expression based on an+b wherea = Cycle Sizen = is the counter starting at 0b = offset to start at

so #MyList li:nth-child(3n+1) will select

(3x0)+1 = 1 => First item(3x1)+1 = 4 => Fourth Item(3x2)+1 = 7 => Seventh Item(3x3)+1 =10 => Tenth Item

How the nth bit works


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Alternating the styles of rows in a table is beloved of Notes Views and now can be styled with two lines of CSS using nth-child and two special keywords - odd and even#MyTable tr:nth-child(even) td {background-color: #00cc00; }#MyTable tr:nth-child(odd) td {background-color: #a9a9a9; }

Zebra Striping

You have a table and you have styled the left wall of each cell to have a border so what do you do with the right most cell that you want to have both?

#MyTable tr td:last-child {border-right: 1px solid #a9a9a9; }

Closing Structures


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IE9 has support for these new pseudo classes all other IE’s do not

Use jQuery or MooTools or Dojo to get the same functionality.


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<a href="#item1">item 1</a><a href="#item2">item 2</a><a href="#item3">item 3</a><a href="#default”> Default stuff</a>

<div class="items"> <p id="item1">... item 1...</p> <p id="item2">... item 2...</p> <p id="item3">...</p> <p id="default">....</p></div>

div.items p {display: none}div.items p:target {display: block}

:target

when an <a> link is clicked on the element being clicked becomes the :target element so using the above CSS the linked target element will appear


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You can use media queries either directly in your CSS like this

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) { .class { background: #ccc; }}

Or you can jump to a separate external style sheet by using the query in the <head> section like this

<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (max-width: 600px)" href="small.css" />

@media Queries


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width height device-width device-heightorientationaspect-ratiodevice-aspect-ratiocolorcolor-indexmonochromeresolution scangrid

@media screen and (device-aspect-ratio: 16/9) AND {max-device-width: 320px)

They all have min- and max-

prefixes


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HTML 5<!DOCTYPE html>


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HTML5 is syntax compatible with both HTML4 and XHTML 1.0

HTML 5 syntax is served as text/html

HTML5 can use XML syntax (like XHTML 1.0)


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The XHTML validator cared about uppercase/ lowercase, quotes around attributes and trailing

slashes.

In reality: the browsers never cared .... !


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XHTML notationStill, I would personally advise you to use the

stricter XHTML notation, because of its consistency


<section>

★ The section element represents a generic section of a document or application.

★ A section, in this context, is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading.


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<article>

★ a self-contained composition in a document, page, application, or site and that is intended to be independently distributable or reusable, e.g. in syndication.

★ For example: a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, ...


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<nav>

★ The nav element represents a section of a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page: a section with navigation links.

★ Only sections that consist of major navigation blocks are appropriate for the nav element.


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<aside>

★ Represents a section of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to the content around the aside element, and which could be considered separate from that content.

★ Can be used for typographical effects like pull quotes or sidebars, for advertising, for groups of nav elements, and for other content that is considered separate from the main content of the page.


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<hgroup>

★ Represents the heading of a section. The element is used to group a set of h1–h6 elements when the heading has multiple levels, such as subheadings, alternative titles, or taglines.


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<header>

★ Represents a group of introductory or navigational aids.

★ Is intended to usually contain the section's heading (an h1–h6 element or an hgroup element), but this is not required.

★ Can also be used to wrap a section's table of contents, a search form, or any relevant logos.


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<footer>

★ Represents a footer for its nearest ancestor sectioning content or sectioning root element.

★ Typically contains information about its section such as who wrote it, links to related documents, copyright data, and the like.

★ Footers don’t necessarily have to appear at the end of a section, though they usually do.


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<address>

★ Represents the contact information for its nearest article or body element ancestor.

★ Must not be used to represent arbitrary addresses (e.g. postal addresses), unless those are in fact the relevant contact information.

★ Typically, it would be included along with other information in a footer element.


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<figure>

★ Represents some flow content, optionally with a caption, that is self-contained and is typically referenced as a single unit from the main flow of the document.

★ Can be used to annotate illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc, that could, without affecting the flow of the document, be moved away from that primary content, e.g. to the side of the page, to dedicated pages, or to an appendix.


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<figcaption>

★ Represents a caption or legend for the rest of the contents of the figcaption element’s parent figure element, if any.


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<small>

★ The small element represents side comments such as small print.

★ Small print typically features disclaimers, caveats, legal restrictions, or copyrights. Small print is also sometimes used for attribution, or for satisfying licensing requirements.

★ It is only intended for short runs of text.


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<cite>

★ The cite element represents the title of a work (e.g. a book, a paper, an essay, a poem, etc).

★ This can be a work that is being quoted or referenced in detail (i.e. a citation), or it can just be a work that is mentioned in passing.

★ A person’s name is not the title of a work and the element must therefore not be used to mark up people's names.


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<q cite>

★ The q element represents some phrasing content quoted from another source.

★ Content inside must be quoted from another source, whose address, if it has one, may be cited in the cite attribute. The source may be fictional, as when quoting characters in a novel or screenplay.


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<time datetime pubdate>

★ Represents either a time on a 24 hour clock, or a precise date in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, optionally with a time and a time-zone offset.

★ Way to encode modern dates and times in a machine-readable way


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<time datetime pubdate>

★ The datetime attribute, if present, gives the date or time being specified. Otherwise, the date or time is given by the element's contents.

★ The pubdate attribute is a boolean attribute. If specified, it indicates that the date and time given by the element is the publication date and time of the nearest ancestor article element, or, if the element has no ancestor article element, of the document as a whole.


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<time datetime="2007-10-05">October 5</time>

<p>I usually have a snack at <time>16:00</time>.</p>

<article> <h1>Small tasks</h1> <footer> Published <time pubdate>2009-08-30</time>. </footer> <p>I put a bike bell on his bike.</p></article>


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<mark>

★ Represents a run of text in one document marked or highlighted for reference purposes.

★ Can for example be used to highlight words that match some search string.


<wbr>

★ Represents a line break opportunity.

<p>And so they sang: "RubyRubyRuby<wbr>Ruuubbbyyy"</p>


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<canvas>

★ A resolution-dependent bitmap canvas

★ Basically a rectangle in your page where you can use JavaScript to draw anything you want.

★ Can be used for rendering graphs, game graphics or other visual elements on the fly.

★ Has two attributes: width and height


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<video>

★ For embedding video into a webpage

★ One <video> element can link to multiple video files, and the browser will choose the first video it can actually play.

★ It is up to you to know which browsers support which containers and codecs.


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<video>

★ There is no single combination of containers and codecs that works in all HTML5 browsers.

★ This is not likely to change in the near future.

★ To make your video watchable across all of these devices and platforms, you’re going to need to encode your video more than once.


<video>

<video width="320" height="240" controls> <source src="somefile.mp4" type="video/mp4; codecs='avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2'" /> <source src="somefile.webm" type="video/webm; codecs='vp8, vorbis'" /> <source src="somefile.ogv" type="video/ogg; codes='theora, vorbis'" /> </video>

★ The benefit of specifying the type attribute is that the browser will check it first.

★ If the browser decides it can’t play a particular video, it won’t download the file.

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<input type=email>

★ Tells the browser not to submit the form, unless the user has entered a valid email address

★ multiple attribute is allowed, which means the field can be a list of comma-seperated valid email addresses


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<input type=url>

★ Causes the browser to ensure that the entered field is a correct URL.

★ Browser may offer the user assistance and show a list of recently visited URLs.


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<input type=date>

★ Dates were tricky for a user to enter and therefore we relied on JavaScript solutions for displaying a datepicker.

★ Browsers will display a (popup) calendar widget.

★ Browser will now also know what you mean. Previously, datepickers were just a collection of <div>s, <span>s, and links with lots of JavaScript behavior attached.


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<input type="date" />

<input type="month" />

<input type="week" />

<input type="time" />

<input type="datetime" />

<input type="datetime-local" />

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<input type=number>

★ Throws an error if the user doesn’t enter a numeric value.

★ Works with min, max and step attributes.

★ Browsers (such as Opera) can render it as a spinner control.


<input type=range>

★ Renders as a slider.

★ Used to be JavaScript driven elements, but now the responsability of creating accessibile sliders is moved from the developer to browser vendors.


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<input type=search>

★ Expects a search term.

★ Attribute placeholder can be provided. This text will only display when the search field has no focus.

★ In Safari on Mac, it takes the default OS search box appearance. This can be overwritten:

input[type="search"] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; }


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<input type=tel>

★ Expects a telephone number.

★ Doesn’t enforce numeric-only input.

★ As mobile phones “know” their own number, most of them might autocomplete this field.

★ The iPhone brings up a telephone input keyboard.


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<input type=color>

★ Allows the user to input a color value via a picker.

★ Current support is very limited.


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The list attribute

★ Hooks up with a new element <datalist>

★ Reminiscent of a select box, but user can input own values, if they don’t want to choose one on the predefined options.

★ The id of the <datalist> is referenced in the vaue of the list attribute.

★ It’s possible to dynamically repopulate the options as the user types and thus recreating a Google Suggest functionality.


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The list attribute

<input id="salutation" type="text" list="salutations">

<datalist id="salutations"> <option label="Mr" value="Mr"> <option label="Ms" value="Ms"> <option label="Prof" value="Professor"></datalist>


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<input type="search" placeholder="Zoeken..." />

<input type="email" required />

<input type="file" multiple />

<input pattern="[0-9][A-Z]{3}" title="A digit follow by three uppercase letters" />

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Using HTML5

★ ModernizrModernizr is a small and simple JavaScript library that helps you take advantage of emerging web technologies (CSS3, HTML5) while still maintaining a fine level of control over older browsers that may not yet support these new technologies.

★ HTML5 BoilerplateA rock-solid default for HTML5 awesome.

http://www.modernizr.com/

http://html5boilerplate.com/


http://www.modernizr.com

http://www.modernizr.com

http://html5boilerplate.com

http://html5boilerplate.com

Complimentary

Thanks for Listening!(I believe there is free beer next)

Twitter: @dominoyesmaybeEmail: [email protected]


UX Design - Engageengage.ug/engage.nsf/pages/2012_Slides_a/$file/Blug-CSS3... · 2018-10-07 · UX...

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