UVA School of Architecture, Re-Centering Delhi

RE-CENTERING DELHIPa n ka j V i r G u p ta | I a k i A l d a y

University of Virginia | Department of Architecture

A

Publisher

Editors

Research Director

Credits

Paper Matters Press | Department of Architecture, University of Virginia

Iaki Alday, Ryan Carbone

Pankaj Vir Gupta, Iaki Alday

Copyright Texts | By authorCopyright Drawings | By authorCopyright Model Photos | Scott Smith / By authorCopyright Edition | Department of Architecture, University of Virginia

Graphic Design | Ryan CarboneLayout | Ryan Carbone, Luke EscobarProduction | Ryan Carbone

Printing | Department of Architecture, University of VirginiaISBN: 978-0-9974301-0-3First Edition | March 2016

Architecture, as part of a research institution is a pedagogical program based in social responsibility, critical thinking and innovation. And as a design discipline, architectural innovation is achieved through design research in different ways. We search for information, and we research creating knowledge, most often on new scenarios through design speculation seriously informed. Rigorous collection of data, spatialized through mapping and diagraming, create the basis for design research. The critical step forward, assuming the risks of proposing future scenarios, is the unavoidable outcome of the creative work of the research teams.

The Research Studio system is the pedagogical innovation that merges instruction with faculty and students research. Two studios in the undergraduate program (3010 and 4010) and another two in the graduate program (7010 and 8010) are focused on profound architectural research aligned with research interests and expertise of the faculty members. The instructors commit for three to five years to sustain a research line, offering a series of Research Studios that take on a variety of relevant contemporary topics in a consistent multi-year research agenda. Students define their personal path through the program, selecting the research studios offered by Architecture faculty (and Landscape Architecture for the graduates), in their own preferred sequence for the fall of the last two years (3010 and 4010 or 7010 and 8010).

The diversity of topics reflects the intellectual diversity of the Department of Architecture of the University of Virginia. Research projects take on urgent international crises such as the changing condition of the Arctic, neglected cultural landscapes in depressed regions, or one of the most pressing urban ecologies challenge in the world (Delhi and its sacred and poisonous Yamuna River). Others work within local conditions, disciplinary inquiries or philosophical and spatial investigations.

Started in 2012-13, these first four years have been especially instrumental for the development of the youngest faculty, raising $529,000 in grants, five awards and two international symposiums. One of the research projects has become the first all-university grand challenge project. The Research Studio system of UVa has proven itself to be invaluable in defining what design research means, its potential to reach broader audiences and impact critical contemporary situations, and to redefine the research culture in the design schools.

Charlottesville, Virginia | March 2016

IakI aLDayQuEsaDa PRofEssoR aND CHaIR, DEPaRTmENT of aRCHITECTuRE

RE-CENTERING DELHI

P R E FAC E

1

Pankaj Vir Gupta is a licensed architect in the United States, and a registered member of the Council of Indian Architects. He received a Bachelor of Science in Architecture from the University of Virginia, and a Master of Architecture from the Graduate School of Architecture at Yale University. In 2014, vir.mueller architects were awarded the Fritz Hoger Prize (Berlin). Committing to the architectural evolution of Indian urbanism, vir.mueller architects are presently engaged in designing significant architectural projects including the Humayuns Tomb Interpretation Centre, the Institute of Engineering and Technology for Ahmedebad University, the University of Chicago Centre in India and institutional buildings for NCAER and ICRIER in New Delhi.

Iaki Alday (Zaragoza, 1965) is, together with Margarita Jover, the founder of aldayjover arquitectura y paisaje, in 1996 in Barcelona, an internationally awarded firm that creates works of public architecture and landscape with a common approach to the specific character of the place. aldayjover has designed the most important public spaces in Barcelona (Sagrera), Zaragoza (Water Park, Tramway), Pamplona (Aranzadi) or Ibiza (Vara de Rei) as well as architectural pieces and landscapes, and has been awarded with the European Public Space Prize (2002), FAD Prize (2009), Urban Integration (2011) and a number of Spanish and Iberian prizes.

Matthew Pinyan was a Lecturer at the University of Virginia during the first year of the Re-Centering Delhi research initiative and recently practiced with vir.mueller architects in New Delhi, India. Matthew received a Bachelor of Environmental Design in Architecture from North Carolina State University and a Master of Architecture from the University of Virginia.

Megan Suau was a Lecturer and Associate Director of Initiative reCOVER at the University of Virginia. Her research considers integrated design delivery systems in developing contexts, design-build projects in East Africa, and visualization techniques for sites of remote communication. Megan received a Bachelor of Design in Architecture from the University of Florida and a Master of Architecture from the University of Virginia.

Eric Barr is currently the Research Director of Re-Centering Delhi and a lecturer at the University of Virginia School of Architecture. He holds a Master of Architecture from UVA and a Bachelor of Science in Architecture from the University of Cincinnati. Previously, Eric designed at Gensler Los Angeles, as well as researched for C-LAB at Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. His work deals in architecture, urban field operations, furniture craft, and design visualization.

PaNkaj VIR GuPTa

maTTHEw PINyaN

IakI aLDay

mEGaN suau ERIC BaRR

PrinciPal, vir.mueller architectsPrinciPal, aldayjover arquitectura y Paisaje

harry s. shure visiting Professor of architectureuniversity of virginia

LECTuRER, DEPT of aRCHITECTuREuNIVERsITy of VIRGINIa



chair and quesada Professor of architectureuniversity of virginia

2

RE-CENTERING DELHI

isabel argotijessica baralteric barrhenry brazeraaron bridgersjosePh brooKoveranna caicristina castilloPhiliP chang ben dinaPoliyushan dubrittany duguayluKe escobarKate fowleranna freidrichrachel himesstePhen hobbsalexandra iaccarinocourtney Keehan

william KeeljosePh laughlinsamantha manocKjaline mcPhersonlauren nelsonmadeline Partridgegabrielle rashleighshannon ruhldonna ryuseth salcedoabigail sandbergmarissa sayerssuzzane sharPandrew sheasean sullivanmichelle steinchloe voltairechris wallacefuhou zhang

R E S E A R C H T E A M

3

RE-CENTERING DELHI is a three-year research collaborative at the University of Virginia School of Architecture which uses urban design mandates to initiate a dialogue with the city of New Delhi. This research and design exercise is based upon a collaborative methodology intended to facilitate a wide-ranging discourse resulting in a series of speculative solutions for a critical site.

RE-CENTERING DELHI capitalizes on current conversations within the government to place riverfront restoration and development at the forefront of national consciousness. The rapid urbanization of New Delhi, coupled with the absence of planning strategies along the Yamuna River has resulted in a ecological emergency for the city.

The design mandates for this project include access to improved mobility within the city, revitalization and public access to the culturally and ecologically vital Yamuna River, improved infrastructure, access to sustainable sources of potable water, improved air quality, and linking of archeological sites flanking the rivers western edge. The resultant design propositions propose a series of site-specific speculations, re-establishing the Yamuna River as a geographical center, vital to the existence of the citizens of New Delhi.

This studio will address these critical issues at multiple scales. The proposed site begins with the Nizamuddin neighborhood (home of the largest collection of Mughal era monuments in New Delhi) and extends north to the historic site of the Red Fort. These two edges contain the Delhi Zoological Park, which is home to several important architectural monuments, as well as several vital pieces of transportation infrastructure the Nizamuddin Train Station and bus depot. The objective of the studio is to open up the relationship of this site to the Yamuna River, and re-orient the focus of the urban settlement towards the river. More significantly, this studio will address the critical issue of how to create a vision of the flood plain of the Yamuna, presently ignored as a potential urban recreational core for the city. Currently, rampant encroachment by new construction, illegal sand mining, and hazardous pollution and industrial waste afflict this area along the river. The site offers significant design opportunities at the urban / landscape / infrastructural scale, as well as at the scale of individual architectural interventions.

4

ECOLOGICAL ISSUES

SOCIAL EQUITY

TRANSPORTATION + INFRASTRUCTURE

YAMUNA FLOODPLAIN

HOUSING + MIXED-USE TYPOLOGIES

RE-CENTERING DELHI

R E S E A R C H D R I V E RS

5

6ECOLOGICAL ISSUESThe Yamuna River is currently subjected to an unchecked flow of large amounts of untreated sewage making the water toxic and dangerous and negating its usefulness as a resource for the city. One essential design project would be a water treatment plant to clean the water.

New Delhi, located in a Humid Subtropical Climate, is the capital of India and is situated along the Yamuna River Basin. Although the city is only a small percentage of the overall length of the river, it contributes the most pollution to the water. This startling fact elucidates the need of the built environment to work with the natural systems and the environment in Delhi. The compilation of ecology data includes information on climate, the Yamuna River, the geology (soil types and seismic), vegetation and species, solar, wind and heat.

Nelson, L | RE-CENTERING DELHI

DRIVER 1 | ECOLOGICAL ISSUES

7

8226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD 141 MGD

107 MGD94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD

ChandrawalWazirabadHaiderpurNangloiOkhla*DwarkaBawanaBhagirathiSonia Viihar

total current outflow 833 MGD

plant millions of gallons per day

10 million

water treatment planthistorical water tanklake

GangaBhakraYamuna

Wazirabad Pond

Kacha Canal, Delhi Branch

Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal

recyclying plant to Okhla

young alluvium: large to very large yieldold alluvium: moderate yieldfringe area: low yielddelhi quartzite: limited yield

alluvium make-up and yield of tubewells

total demand 1166.2 MGDWTP effectiveness 40%

1:175000

water treatment plants

WATER TREATMENTRE-CENTERING DELHIAnna Cai

226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD 141 MGD

107 MGD94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD




10 million


GangaBhakraYamuna

Wazirabad Pond


Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal





1:175000



Mehraull

Vasant Kunj

RK Puram

Delhi Cantonment

Dwarka

Karol Bagh

Hari Nagar

Janakpuri

Vikaspuri

Kakarduma

ShahdaraSeelampur Sahibabad

Loni

Rameshwar Park

Tronica City

Kundli Industrial Area

Paschim Vihar

Rohini

Lok Nayak Puram

Najafgarh

Isharheri

Buhadurgarh

Chandu

Garhi Harsaru

Kaushambi

Mayur Vihar II

Indirapuram

Vasundhara

Dasana

Muradnagar

Kakrala

Dadri

Noida Special Economic Zone

Gejah TalattulabadAllahbas

Nagil SakpurShahdara

Garhi

Jhatta

Badauli Bangar

Greater Noida

Kambakashpur

Gari Samastpur

Kondli

Shafipur

Gurukul Basti

Sarita Vihar

Jasola

Ankhir

Rajeev Nagar

Dayal Basti

Bhandwari

Sant NagarBadkhal Village

Banker

1:175000

10 million

sewage treatment plantuncovered draincovered drainKeshopur Phases

Okhla PhasesKondli Phases

RithlaYamuna Vihar

VasantkunjCoronation Pillar

NarelaNithola

NajafgarghPapan Kalan

Sen Nurshing HomeDelhi G. Nalla

MehrauliRohini

GhitoriniKapashera

Commonwealth GamesBakkarwalaMolar Bandh

Timar Pur Oxidation


sewage treatment plants

renovation needed

Najafargh Drain SystemKharol BarghWest DelhiCivil Line Zone

Barapulla Drain SystemSouth Delhi

Yamuna FloodplainCity Line Zone

Shahdara Drainage Systemrural and urban sources

1. Subhara Colony Drain SE flow 625 m, 475 acres open, lined2. Kanhaiya Nagar Drain 2100 meters, 333 acres moderate, dense population open, hazardous3. Industrial Area Nallah N flow 1003 m, 240 acres4.Ranjit Nagar Nallah 100m, 182 acres5. Rajouri Garden Drain 0.8 km, 65 hectacres knee-deep stagnation6. Moti Nagar Drain 1 km, 316 hectacres open, industrial7. Ramesh Nagar Drain 3.25 km, 2015 hectacres (1368 urban, 635 rural) highly urbanized underground8. Jail Road Drain 1.1 km, 64.6 hectacres water logging underground9. Subash Nagar 4.7 km, 823 hectacres open10. Wazipur Complex

11. Mori Gate Drain 435 acres12. Gur Mandi Drain 216 acres13. Chirag Delhi 8.19 km, 5300 acres severe erosion narrow, overflows, spillage14. Nauroji Nagar Drain 5.4 km, 1700 acres poor maintenance15. A.I.I.M.S. Drain 2.65 km, 2060 acres16. Maharani Bagh Drain 3.71 km, 554 acres17. Kalkaji Drain 4.26 km, 706 acres E flow agricultural surface18. Greater Kailash Drain

59% of drains are covered

total treated 825.8 MGDtotal current outflow 1245.84 MGDSTP effectiveness 66%

DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE TREATMENTRE-CENTERING DELHIAnna Cai

Mehraull

Vasant Kunj

RK Puram

Delhi Cantonment

Dwarka

Karol Bagh

Hari Nagar

Janakpuri

Vikaspuri

Kakarduma


Loni

Rameshwar Park

Tronica City


Paschim Vihar

Rohini

Lok Nayak Puram

Najafgarh

Isharheri

Buhadurgarh

Chandu

Garhi Harsaru

Kaushambi

Mayur Vihar II

Indirapuram

Vasundhara

Dasana

Muradnagar

Kakrala

Dadri




Garhi

Jhatta

Badauli Bangar

Greater Noida

Kambakashpur

Gari Samastpur

Kondli

Shafipur

Gurukul Basti

Sarita Vihar

Jasola

Ankhir

Rajeev Nagar

Dayal Basti

Bhandwari


Banker

1:175000

10 million



RithlaYamuna Vihar


NarelaNithola



MehrauliRohini

GhitoriniKapashera


Timar Pur Oxidation



renovation needed










226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD

141 MGD

107 MGD

94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD

Chandrawal

Wazirabad

Haiderpur

Nangloi

Okhla*

Dwarka

Bawana

Bhagirathi

Sonia Viihar


plant

millions of gallons per day

10 million

water treatment plant

historical water tank

lake

Ganga

Bhakra

Yamuna

Wazirabad Pond


Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal


young alluvium: large to very large yield

old alluvium: moderate yield

fringe area: low yield

delhi quartzite: limited yield


total demand 1166.2 MGD

WTP effectiveness 40%

1:175000


WATER TREATMENT

RE-CENTERING DELHI

Anna Cai

RESEARCH

WATERTREATMENT A. CAI, M. PARTRIDGE

The city of New Delhi has four primary water sources for drinking water: the Ganges River, the Yamuna River, the canals from Tajewala Headwaters, and from groundwater. After traveling 224 km to the city, it is filtered using activated charcoal in seven water treatment plants: Haider Pur, Wazirabad, Bhagirathi Vihar, Sonia Vihar, Shahdara, Chandrawad, and Nangloi. This 822 million gallons of drinking water is distributed daily through 9000 km of pipes, 550 pumping stations, and stored in 61 underground reservoirs. But 40% of water is lost in leaky pipes and deterioration of surface water. The rest of the water, 80% is un-metered as it is consumed in households, so the distribution is neither efficient nor profitable for the Delhi Jal Board, the government ministry of water.

Once the water has been used the measurable sewage output of Delhi is 600 million gallons daily, excluding surface defecation that never is captured and treated. Sewage is treated in the 23 Sewage Treatment Plants But the STPs function at best at 50% capacity because of inadequate supply and flow, and only 321 mgd of black water sewage is treated. As it is released back into the drains to make its way into the Yamuna, it is re-contaminated with the untreated water. Because the drains and the water mains run parallel through the city, the sewage seeps into the leaking water pipes which leads to unsafe levels of E.Coli and Salmonella in 20% of tap water samples throughout the city.

COVERED DRAIN

UNCOVERED DRAIN

IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED

LAKE / RESERVOIR

YOUNG ALLUVIUM(LARGE AGRO YEILD)

OLD ALLUVIUM(MODERATE AGRO YEILD)

FRINGE AREA(LOW AGRO YEILD)

DELHI QUARTZITE(LIMITED AGRO YEILD)

POTABLE WATERTREATMENT PLANT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

SONIA VIHAR

BHAHGIRATHI (N. SHAHDARA)

BAWANA

DWARKA

OKHLA

NANGLOI

CHANDRAWAL

WAZIRABAD

HAIDERPUR

66% SEWAGE TREATMENTEFFECTIVENESS

40% WATER TREATMENTEFFECTIVENESS

825.8 MGD treated420 MGD untreated

833 MGD treated1166 MGD untreated

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

HISTORIC WATER TANK

Cai, A + Partridge, M | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 1 | E CO LO G I C A L I SS U E S

9

226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD 141 MGD

107 MGD94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD




10 million


GangaBhakraYamuna

Wazirabad Pond


Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal





1:175000



226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD 141 MGD

107 MGD94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD




10 million


GangaBhakraYamuna

Wazirabad Pond


Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal





1:175000



Mehraull

Vasant Kunj

RK Puram

Delhi Cantonment

Dwarka

Karol Bagh

Hari Nagar

Janakpuri

Vikaspuri

Kakarduma


Loni

Rameshwar Park

Tronica City


Paschim Vihar

Rohini

Lok Nayak Puram

Najafgarh

Isharheri

Buhadurgarh

Chandu

Garhi Harsaru

Kaushambi

Mayur Vihar II

Indirapuram

Vasundhara

Dasana

Muradnagar

Kakrala

Dadri




Garhi

Jhatta

Badauli Bangar

Greater Noida

Kambakashpur

Gari Samastpur

Kondli

Shafipur

Gurukul Basti

Sarita Vihar

Jasola

Ankhir

Rajeev Nagar

Dayal Basti

Bhandwari


Banker

1:175000

10 million



RithlaYamuna Vihar


NarelaNithola



MehrauliRohini

GhitoriniKapashera


Timar Pur Oxidation



renovation needed










Mehraull

Vasant Kunj

RK Puram

Delhi Cantonment

Dwarka

Karol Bagh

Hari Nagar

Janakpuri

Vikaspuri

Kakarduma


Loni

Rameshwar Park

Tronica City


Paschim Vihar

Rohini

Lok Nayak Puram

Najafgarh

Isharheri

Buhadurgarh

Chandu

Garhi Harsaru

Kaushambi

Mayur Vihar II

Indirapuram

Vasundhara

Dasana

Muradnagar

Kakrala

Dadri




Garhi

Jhatta

Badauli Bangar

Greater Noida

Kambakashpur

Gari Samastpur

Kondli

Shafipur

Gurukul Basti

Sarita Vihar

Jasola

Ankhir

Rajeev Nagar

Dayal Basti

Bhandwari


Banker

1:175000

10 million



RithlaYamuna Vihar


NarelaNithola



MehrauliRohini

GhitoriniKapashera


Timar Pur Oxidation



renovation needed










226 MGD

40 MGD

135 MGD

141 MGD

107 MGD

94 MGD

12 MGD

20 MGD

10 MGD

Chandrawal

Wazirabad

Haiderpur

Nangloi

Okhla*

Dwarka

Bawana

Bhagirathi

Sonia Viihar


plant

millions of gallons per day

10 million

water treatment plant

historical water tank

lake

Ganga

Bhakra

Yamuna

Wazirabad Pond


Munak Canal

Upper Ganga Canal


young alluvium: large to very large yield

old alluvium: moderate yield

fringe area: low yield

delhi quartzite: limited yield


total demand 1166.2 MGD

WTP effectiveness 40%

1:175000


WATER TREATMENT

RE-CENTERING DELHI

Anna Cai

RESEARCH

WATERTREATMENT A. CAI, M. PARTRIDGE

The city of New Delhi has four primary water sources for drinking water: the Ganges River, the Yamuna River, the canals from Tajewala Headwaters, and from groundwater. After traveling 224 km to the city, it is filtered using activated charcoal in seven water treatment plants: Haider Pur, Wazirabad, Bhagirathi Vihar, Sonia Vihar, Shahdara, Chandrawad, and Nangloi. This 822 million gallons of drinking water is distributed daily through 9000 km of pipes, 550 pumping stations, and stored in 61 underground reservoirs. But 40% of water is lost in leaky pipes and deterioration of surface water. The rest of the water, 80% is un-metered as it is consumed in households, so the distribution is neither efficient nor profitable for the Delhi Jal Board, the government ministry of water.

Once the water has been used the measurable sewage output of Delhi is 600 million gallons daily, excluding surface defecation that never is captured and treated. Sewage is treated in the 23 Sewage Treatment Plants But the STPs function at best at 50% capacity because of inadequate supply and flow, and only 321 mgd of black water sewage is treated. As it is released back into the drains to make its way into the Yamuna, it is re-contaminated with the untreated water. Because the drains and the water mains run parallel through the city, the sewage seeps into the leaking water pipes which leads to unsafe levels of E.Coli and Salmonella in 20% of tap water samples throughout the city.

COVERED DRAIN

UNCOVERED DRAIN

IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED

LAKE / RESERVOIR

YOUNG ALLUVIUM(LARGE AGRO YEILD)

OLD ALLUVIUM(MODERATE AGRO YEILD)

FRINGE AREA(LOW AGRO YEILD)

DELHI QUARTZITE(LIMITED AGRO YEILD)

POTABLE WATERTREATMENT PLANT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

SONIA VIHAR

BHAHGIRATHI (N. SHAHDARA)

BAWANA

DWARKA

OKHLA

NANGLOI

CHANDRAWAL

WAZIRABAD

HAIDERPUR

66% SEWAGE TREATMENTEFFECTIVENESS

40% WATER TREATMENTEFFECTIVENESS

825.8 MGD treated420 MGD untreated

833 MGD treated1166 MGD untreated

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS


HISTORIC WATER TANK

10

SECTION 1: AGROFORESTRY

SECTION 2: WETLANDS

SECTION 3: WATER TREATMENT

Sandberg, A | RE-CENTERING DELHI


11


In order for the canals water quality to fully improve, the completion of the sewage treatment plant must be implemented. Thus, the infrastructure has been left and built over. Steel-reinforced concrete, load-bearing walls encase

the plants footprint and act as the main support for the mandi platform.

MANDI PLATFORM

The concrete platform sprawls over the sewage treatment plant. The ramping undulation of the platform allows the surface to bridge multiple elevations. First, the platform ramps over the road at three different elevations. Then, the surface ramps down to meet the ground level. Ramping back upward to 10 meters high, the platform meets the metro line. The end of the platform is the main market, which is suspended over the sewage treatment plant. Three ramps allow access onto the mandi and connect to the metro station

through a network of paths.

MARKET SHOPS

In the center of the platform, 60 formal shops are organized around mandi circulation. These stalls allow vendors to have more private stores, if desired. They are equipped with refrigeration, so dairy products and meats are able

to be sold without spoilage.

TENSILE ROOF

The tensile concrete roof provides needed shading for the market below. The triangulated punctures are placed according to the mandi program. The gradient pattern allows more shading for the dense market and less shading

for the open promenade.

1 cm : 30 m

Duguay, B | RE-CENTERING DELHI

The tensile concrete roof provides needed shading for the market below. The triangulated punctures are placed according to the

mandi program. The gradient pattern allows more shading for the dense market and less shading for the open promenade.

In the center of the platform, 60 formal shops are organized around mandi circulation. These stalls allow vendors to have more private

stores, if desired. They are equipped with refrigeration, so dairy products and meats are able to be sold without spoilage.

In order for the canals water quality to fully improve, the completion of the sewage treatment plant must be implemented.

Thus, the infrastructure has been left and built over. Steel-reinforced concrete, load-bearing walls encase the plants footprint and act as

the main support for the mandi platform.

The concrete platform sprawls over the sewage treatment plant. The ramping undulation of the

platform allows the surface to bridge multiple elevations. First, the platform ramps over the

road at three different elevations. Then, the surface ramps down to meet the ground level.

Ramping back upward to 10 meters high, the platform meets the metro line. The end of the

platform is the main market, which is suspended over the sewage treatment plant. Three ramps

allow access onto the mandi and connect to the metro station through a network of paths.

Market Shops

Sewage Treatment Plant

Mandi Platform


13

Tensile Roof

Program Distribution // Scheme

PARKING 750 CARS

33000 M2

10000 M2

27300 M2

33800 M2

METRO STOP 3000 M2

30,000 M2

INFRASTRUCTURE

95000 m2

30000 M2PLYNTH PARK65000 M2FOREST PATH

PUBLIC SPACE

2000 M2AUDITORIUM

MULTIFORM THEATER 1800 M2

TECHNICAL / ADMINISTRATIVE 4185 M2

1300 M2REHEARSAL SPACE

3600 M2GALLERY

4000 M26000 M2

RESTAURANT

COMMERCIAL

CONFERENCE CENTER 4245 M2

PROSCENIUM 7900 M2

3650 M2PURANA QILA VISITORS CENTER

5550 M2PUBLIC SPACE

14550 M2NATIONAL LIBRARY

1800 M2ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

1800 M2ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

DELHI MONUMENT MUSEUM 6450 M2

PUBLIC AREA 2250 M2

PERFORMING ARTS / CULTURAL PROGRAM

AMENITIES

PURANA QILA INTERVENTIONS

14

SOCIAL EQUITYCurrently, existing transportation networks [highways, railways, transportation centers] cut off access to the river for lower-income citizens of Delhi [many of whom live in suburbs east of the Yamuna]. Design responses could reimagine access to the riverfront, harnessing the citys metro system to bring equity to the riverfronts use and engage the rivers potential as public space, a scarce typology within the city.

Understanding the demographics of Delhi is crucial for understanding the landscape and social activities taking place. The growing population ranges from the wealthiest to the poorest, with access to services and basic facilities varying respectively. Even among these groups, the discrepancies between men, women and children are also an issue of social equity. Furthermore, the conditions in which these people are living are drastically different in correlation to urban density levels. Density, consequently, is a major influence on social issues such as education and health.

Laughlin, J | RE-CENTERING DELHI


PARKING 750 CARS

33000 M2

10000 M2

27300 M2

33800 M2

METRO STOP 3000 M2

30,000 M2

INFRASTRUCTURE

95000 m2


PUBLIC SPACE

2000 M2AUDITORIUM




3600 M2GALLERY

4000 M26000 M2

RESTAURANT

COMMERCIAL


PROSCENIUM 7900 M2


5550 M2PUBLIC SPACE





PUBLIC AREA 2250 M2


AMENITIES


15

DRIVER 2 | SOCIAL EQUITY


PARKING 750 CARS

33000 M2

10000 M2

27300 M2

33800 M2

METRO STOP 3000 M2

30,000 M2

INFRASTRUCTURE

95000 m2


PUBLIC SPACE

2000 M2AUDITORIUM




3600 M2GALLERY

4000 M26000 M2

RESTAURANT

COMMERCIAL


PROSCENIUM 7900 M2


5550 M2PUBLIC SPACE





PUBLIC AREA 2250 M2


AMENITIES


Remnant of a European planning movement in the 1930s and a great wall that protected the old city from the floods of the Yamuna act now as barriers between dense pockets of residential and commercial districts and an unused strip of land

that runs alongside the wall. Attempts at making use of the land have only left the field marked with forgotten paths and cracking plazas. The demand for affordable housing causes new developments to move upwards, restricting the many side streets to daylight and creating extreme congestion. The Daryaganj Park Development not only assists in moving residents

outwards to the new edge of the city through affordable housing, but also mitigates street traffic, implements water man-agement, and meets public and commercial spatial needs.

Salcedo, S + DiNapoli, B + Brookover, J | RE-CENTERING DELHI

The explosive development of Delhi after Imperial British rule began a process of expansion away from the river highlighted by a frayed urban fabric and lack of a shared social identity. A new cultural forum is founded; a Cultural Transect for an Independent India which allows identity to emerge over time through moments of recognition and shared experience.

D R I V E R 2 | S O C I A L E Q U I TY

17

Laughlin, J + DiNapoli, B | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 2 | S O C I A L E Q U I TY

19

20

TRANSPORTATION + INFRASTRUCTURE

Transportation infrastructure on the site acts as a barrier between the river and residential neighborhoods and historic precincts + cultural/religious monuments [Humayuns tomb, the Nizamuddin market, Purana Kila Fort]. Design proposals could redesign these infrastructural arteries to open up relationships between these districts and the floodplain/river.

In a metro area of over 22 million inhabitants, getting people from one place to another is essential to the citys function. Delhis road networks are constantly congested with heavy and unorganized traffic, making it difficult to efficiently drive or take a bus. Cyclists and pedestrians have also been ingnored in terms of urban infrastructure until recently, with their travel being inhibited by heavy traffic and dangerous road conditions. However, there is a bright future for Delhis mobility with the construction of a 190 km and growing metro rail system, along with a bus-rapid-transit system, bike lanes, and major road improvements.

Wallace, C | RE-CENTERING DELHI

MOBILITY RE-CENTERING DELHI Chris Wallace

1. PRIMARY ROADS FORM TWO RINGS AROUND THE CAPITAL ALONG WITH SPURS TO THE AIRPORT, SUBURBS, AND REGIONAL CITIES

2. SECONDARY ROADS CONNECT PRIMARY ROADS TO INNER PORTIONS OF THE CITY

3. TERTIARY ROADS CREATE INTERWOVEN NETWORKS THROUGH THE NEIGHBORHOODS LOCATED BETWEEN THE MAJOR ROADS

1. MAJOR RAIL LINES FROM ALL OVER INDIA CONVERGE IN DELHI

2. THE DELHI SURBURBAN RAILWAY/RING RAILWAY CONNECTS THE SUBURBS OF DELHI TO MAJOR INDIAN RAIL NETWORKS

3. THE DELHI METRO RAIL CONNECTS THE RING RAILWAY AND THE REGIONAL RAILWAY TO THE CITYS SUBURBS AND INNER NEIGHBOR-

ROAD SYSTEM:

RAILWAY SYSTEM:

MOBILITY RE-CENTERING DELHI Chris Wallace

1. PRIMARY ROADS FORM TWO RINGS AROUND THE CAPITAL ALONG WITH SPURS TO THE AIRPORT, SUBURBS, AND REGIONAL CITIES

2. SECONDARY ROADS CONNECT PRIMARY ROADS TO INNER PORTIONS OF THE CITY

3. TERTIARY ROADS CREATE INTERWOVEN NETWORKS THROUGH THE NEIGHBORHOODS LOCATED BETWEEN THE MAJOR ROADS

1. MAJOR RAIL LINES FROM ALL OVER INDIA CONVERGE IN DELHI

2. THE DELHI SURBURBAN RAILWAY/RING RAILWAY CONNECTS THE SUBURBS OF DELHI TO MAJOR INDIAN RAIL NETWORKS

3. THE DELHI METRO RAIL CONNECTS THE RING RAILWAY AND THE REGIONAL RAILWAY TO THE CITYS SUBURBS AND INNER NEIGHBOR-

ROAD SYSTEM:

RAILWAY SYSTEM:

21

DRIVER 3 | TRANSPORTATION + INFRASTRUCTURE

Shea, A | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 3 | T RA N S P O RTAT I O N + I N F RA ST R U CT U R E

23

Stein, M | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 3 | T RA N S P O RTAT I O N + I N F RA ST R U CT U R E

25

27Barr, E | RE-CENTERING DELHI

Delhi Founded

17thCentury

6thCentury

Shahjahanabad and Red Fort constructed byShah Jahan of theMughal Empire

1890 Civil Lines constructedby the British

1921 New Delhis construction complete. City turns away from river

1955 Major embankments constructed to prevent ooding. Flood plain is narrowed

1975 Development of Transyamuna, Noida and Dwarka along river bank

Slums develop near theOkhla Barrage

Drains and canals built putting most sewage into the river

Wazirabad and OkhlaBarrages constructed

Water treatment plants constructed in North Delhi

Yamuna Bank Metro Station built directly in the ood plain

2010

2001

Commonwealth Games Village built directly in the ood plain

1

2

3

66

4

5

5

7 8

9

10

10

9

8

7

75

4

3

2

1

FOREST RIDGE PRESERVE

WEST OF YAMUNA: ABOVE DANGER LEVEL, LOW RISK OF FLOOD DAMAGE EAST OF YAMUNA: BELOW DANGER LEVEL, HIGH RISK OF FLOOD DAMAGE

NEW DELHI

YAMUNA RIVER TRANSYAMUNA

DANGER LEVEL

HISTORY OF FLOODPLAIN CONSTRUCTION01. INVESTIGATION + ANALYSISFLOOD - RIVER

For five centuries or more, the Yamuna River flood plain in Delhi has been slowly encroached upon. During Mughal times, construction mainly stayed within the parts of the flood plain that are higher on the western side. The section cut at the bottom of the map explains why most of the older settlements are located on the west side of the river while the newer ad hoc ones are on the east side.1:2500H.BRAZER

28

YAMUNA FLOODPLAINDesign proposals should engage the rivers floodplain as it acts as a buffer for the swelling river during intense monsoon periods; current encroachment by buildings and new construction renders this floodplain ineffective leading to flooding of urban areas. This area has great potential to act as an ecological social productive resource for the city during the 8-9 months when it is accessible for human usage.

Delhi Founded

17thCentury

6thCentury

Shahjahanabad and Red Fort constructed byShah Jahan of theMughal Empire

1890 Civil Lines constructedby the British

1921 New Delhis construction complete. City turns away from river

1955 Major embankments constructed to prevent ooding. Flood plain is narrowed

1975 Development of Transyamuna, Noida and Dwarka along river bank

Slums develop near theOkhla Barrage

Drains and canals built putting most sewage into the river

Wazirabad and OkhlaBarrages constructed

Water treatment plants constructed in North Delhi

Yamuna Bank Metro Station built directly in the ood plain

2010

2001

Commonwealth Games Village built directly in the ood plain

1

2

3

66

4

5

5

7 8

9

10

10

9

8

7

75

4

3

2

1

FOREST RIDGE PRESERVE

WEST OF YAMUNA: ABOVE DANGER LEVEL, LOW RISK OF FLOOD DAMAGE EAST OF YAMUNA: BELOW DANGER LEVEL, HIGH RISK OF FLOOD DAMAGE

NEW DELHI

YAMUNA RIVER TRANSYAMUNA

DANGER LEVEL

HISTORY OF FLOODPLAIN CONSTRUCTION01. INVESTIGATION + ANALYSISFLOOD - RIVER

For five centuries or more, the Yamuna River flood plain in Delhi has been slowly encroached upon. During Mughal times, construction mainly stayed within the parts of the flood plain that are higher on the western side. The section cut at the bottom of the map explains why most of the older settlements are located on the west side of the river while the newer ad hoc ones are on the east side.1:2500H.BRAZER

29

DRIVER 4 | YAMUNA FLOODPLAIN

For five centuries or more, the Yamuna River flood plain in Delhi has been slowly encroached upon. During Mughal times, construction mainly stayed within the parts of the flood plain that are higher on the western side. The section cut at the bottom of the map explains why most of the older settlements are located on the west side of the river while the newer ad hoc ones are on the east side.

Brazer, H | RE-CENTERING DELHI

Ruhl, S | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 4 | YA M U N A F LO O D P L A I N

31

32

HOUSING + MIXED-USE TYPOLOGIES

Currently the rivers edge is populated by low-income and homeless citizens and lacks programmatic typologies that would enliven the precinct as a public space. Design interventions could harness interstitial spaces identified within the site to introduce new mixed-use typologies or low-income housing.

The growing urban population and density of Delhi has put an increased stress on the citys housing infrastructure. A large percentage of the increased population is low-income migrants from impoverished rural areas who are looking for work. Unable to afford planned housing, they move into slums, JJ clusters, and other informal settlements. Primarily self-constructed, these areas lack basic amenities and create unsafe and unhealthy living conditions for the residents. Recent efforts have been made to either improve these areas or relocate residents to resettlement colonies. Some of these efforts have been successful while others have caused more harm than good. NGOs, architects, and other organizations continue to propose new ideas addressing Delhis struggle to balance the improvement of existing infrastructure and the development of new housing.

Voltaire, C + Iaccarino, A | RE-CENTERING DELHI 33

DRIVER 5 | HOUSING + MIXED-USE TYPOLOGIES

In order to provide public facilites and space to the dense and growing population of Delhi, redistribution of schools, libraries, museums, temples, and parks takes place in direct relation to the densities of districts, particularly within East Delhi, to make safe and desirable living conditons for all demographics. The floodplain, as one of the few remainng open spaces in Delhi becomes an opportunity to design floodable public space that can be used almost year round. Through both structural moves on constructed topography in the floodplain and large landscape moves in floodable zones, the additional public facilities footprint of the city is half of the existing and the overall designated public space increases by 200%.

Stein, M | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 5 | H O US I N G + M I X E D - US E TY P O LO G I E S

35

36

Urban expansion and unregulated construction generally have a negative impact on a landscape. It destroys any understanding of the environment and its natural systems, replacing order with disorder and banality. Mans relationship with his habitat is degraded, if not completely divorced.

Trans-Yamuna takes a critical position to Delhis sprawl and discord with a minimal insertion into the Yamuna River. Through the heart of the city, in an unpopulated and overlooked territory, the new public maidan hosts affordable mixed housing with orderly metrics of structure, space, and transit. It displays no formal or constructional excesses, and in its totality, it addresses Delhis very real problems of homelessness and public space.

Barr, E | RE-CENTERING DELHI

D R I V E R 5 | H O US I N G + M I X E D - US E TY P O LO G I E S

37

University of Virginia | Department of Architecture

A

UVA School of Architecture, Re-Centering Delhi

Documents

Transcript of UVA School of Architecture, Re-Centering Delhi