UV Moderated by Ozone, Clouds and Aerosols

Ozone

Clouds

Aerosols

Fc ~ FO3(1 – R)

ASeFF CG

ROeFF oO 3

3

Aerosols are still a major problem

Clouds are moderately well understood

TOMSAerosolIndex

TOMSCloud

Reflectivity

Ozone Distributionvs. Time and Latitude

1979 - 2001

Southern Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere

Ozone Distribution vs Latitude (1979 to 2001)

Simulation of UV and Visible Channel Views of the Same Smoke Event

August 16, 2000

TOMS UV

SeaWiFS Visible

Note Impact on Air Quality in the southeast

UV is reduced by the presenceOf aerosols

TOMS derived aerosols are visible over bright surfaces

0m

200m

20m

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Wavelength (nm)

Pu

re W

ate

r A

bs

orp

tio

n C

oe

ffic

ien

t (m

-1)

Quikenden and IrvinInterpolationPope and Fry

Clouds

Aerosols

Ozone

WIND

Pure Ocean Water AbsorptionQuickenden & IrvinPope & Fry

Influence of UV on Ocean Productivity

NOAA, NASA

Underwater 310 nm UV Irradiance at 5-meter Depth Compared to the UV Irradiance on the Ocean Surface

January

UV and Skin Cancer (Scientific American)

4/100,000 High

1.5/100,000 Low

Females

Males

Melanoma of the SkinCancer Mortality Rates

Data Source: NIH

Neisseria meningitidis (produces an endotoxin which causes the illness and is a gram positive diplococci), which has an incubation time of 2 to 10 days before symptoms are noted.

African Meningitis Belt with 1999 Disease IncidenceNumbers in boxes: 21,2 = 21,000 cases and 2000 deaths

Clients

WHONIH

SeaWiFS - VisibleTOMS - UV

Dust Seen in UV and VisibleFrom TOMS and SeaWiFS

UV observations see the dust over all surfaces, while visible observations are best over the darker water.

Dust is an indirect cause of meningitis outbreaks