UTILIZATION & EFFECTS OF CROWN CAPS ON STRENGTH …€¦ · Er. Sandeep Nasier Assistant Professor,...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2018, pp. 210–218, Article ID: IJCIET_09_07_021

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=7

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

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UTILIZATION & EFFECTS OF CROWN CAPS

ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

(INCLUDING SEA WATER)

Shivani Kapoor

Department of Civil Engineering Chandigarh University, India

Er. Sandeep Nasier

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Chandigarh University, India

ABSTRACT

Green building now days progressive in world concern because in green building

we use more and more natural resources which is very important for environmental and

we reuse the material in it. Large quantities of metal waste unit is generated from waste

bottle caps of soft drinks and juices (crown caps). This is consider as an environmental

issue because metal waste crown caps is non- biodegrade so it is important step to

processes either to or utilize or recycle. Today in this world we would love of finding

materials helps for increasing the strength of concrete structures with low price, which

helps to decrease the environmental damage. This analysis will help us to gear in

toward the scan of waste usage material throughout this analysis paper is based on

aluminium caps of beverages bottles (crown caps). Unit of measurement chosen as

partial replacement for the coarse aggregate in the concrete mix. The compressive

strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength properties are tested on the addition

of WBC (crown caps) in Coarse aggregate replaced by the different 5%, 10% and 15%

of the waste bottle caps whereas using M30 grade.

Key words: Landfills, Waste Bottle caps, Green building, Compressive strength,

Flexural strength and Split tensile strength.

Cite this Article: Shivani Kapoor and Er. Sandeep Nasier, Utilization & Effects of

Crown Caps On Strength Properties of Concrete (Including Sea Water), International

Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 2018, pp. 210–218.

http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=7

INTRODUCTION

Concrete is that the foremost generally used construction material worldwide, this could be

because of its skilfulness, strength, durability due to this it is used in construction of Roads,

Bridges, Airports, Tunnels, and Railways, Port, Harbours, and many of other infrastructural

project. Non-biodegradable property that's creating the effects on the atmosphere recently the

Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps On Strength Properties of Concrete (Including Sea Water)


event business is in need of finding materials which helps to increasing the strength of concrete

and it is easily available material with low worth, and with very less environmental effects.

Presently uncountable plenty of waste bottle caps (crown caps) square measure created inside

the planet. This could ultimately cause of pollution and harmful to the atmosphere. Therefore

utilizing waste bottle caps (crown caps) in concrete production not only solves the matter of

disposing but it helps to increase the tensile strength. This project is involve to use waste bottle

caps (crown caps) in concrete with following objectives. Concrete is a brittle material that has

low strength and low strain capability, to improve its strength and strain capability we are using

waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) in concrete mix to check the results after addition of WBC

in concrete mix how it will help to improve the properties of concrete. We also tested the

addition of WBC in concrete mix under sea water and compare the results.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The mechanical properties of waste bottle caps (aluminum caps) were studied. Vital properties

like compressive strength, flexural strength and Split strength were the most focus. To know

the properties of waste bottle caps which is using in concrete there are few tests were performed

on it. These test were performed on fresh state and hardened state. Slump test was performed

on fresh concrete to check the workability

At hardened state, compressive strength test was performed on the cubes specimens. The

cube size is 100mm x 100mm x 100mm. Flexural strength test performed on rectangular beam

specimen .The beam size is 100mm x 100mm x500mm and Split tensile test was conducted on

the cylinder specimen and the size of cylinder is 150mm x 300mm and these were cured with

normal water and sea water. Time used for curing of cube, beam and Cylinder were 7 days, 14

days and 28 days.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY USED

Cement

The cement used during this study was 43 grade ordinary standard Portland cement (OPC)

confirming to IS 8112-1989. Cement is used as a binder material that sets and hardens severally,

and it bind the different kind of materials.

Table 1 properties of fine aggregate

Sr.no Properties Value obtained

1 Initial setting time 80 min

2 Final setting time 350 min

3 Compressive strength 54MPa

4 Specific gravity 3.13

Coarse Aggregate

Coarse mixture used was a combine of 10mm. Testing was done according to Indian normal

Specification IS: 383-1970.

Table 2 properties of coarse aggregate

Sr.no properties Values obtained

1 Particle size 10mm

2 Finess moduless 4.6


4 Relative density 2.93

Shivani Kapoor and Er. Sandeep Nasier


Fine Aggregate

Local available sand confirming to zone II with relative density 2.62 was used. The testing of

sand was done as per Indian customary Specification IS: 383-1970. The scale of the mixture

lesser than 4.75 mm is taken into consideration as Fine combination.

Table 3 properties of fine aggregate

Sr.no properties Values obtained

1 Particle size 4.75mm

2 Finess modules 2.7


4 Relative density 2.62

Water

Water is use for the mixing of all the materials combine, for this activity we need to have clean

water which is free from any bacterium and wish matter confirming according to IS 3025-1964

is used.

Waste bottle caps

Waste Bottles Caps can be perfect material for employment. The use of recycled Waste Bottles

Caps (aluminium caps) saves lot of energy and increasing awareness of Waste Bottles Caps are

used in the totally different forms in numerous fields. The size of waste bottle caps is 3mm

wide, 10 mm long.

Table 4 show the Physical properties of waste bottle caps

Sr. no. Properties Values obtained

1 Density 2.7 g/cm2

2 Melting Point 660.31 0 C

3 Boiling Point 2499 0 C

4 Specific Gravity 2.56 g/cm3

IMAGE 1: WASTE BOTTLE CAPS

Curing

In my analysis the action is completed underneath normal water and sea water and compare the

results. This technique is completed as a result of we wish to see the results of waste bottle caps

(crown caps) under water concreting and surface construction.



MIX PROPORTIONS

We are using M30 grade for mix design as per IS: 10262-2009.w/c ratio we used is 0.45 all test

performed on specimens which are curried for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days (including sea

water).determine the maximum strength gain by the proportion of waste bottle caps (aluminium

caps) which may be added into the concrete mix, percentage of waste bottle caps replaced by

coarse aggregate is 5%, 10% and 15%.

MIXING, CASTING AND CURING METHODS

According to the code: 516: 1959 manual hand mixing technique is performed for all mixes.

Firstly cement should combine with fine mixture then course mixture with dry admixture and

wet admixture should be mixed with water ratio properly and mix these all and intermixture

should be continued till the concrete seems to be homogeneous and desired consistency. The

casting instantly followed intermixture, once carrying to get rid of surplus material and to

realize a smooth end the highest surface once vibratory the specimens. The samples were off

from moulds after 24hr of storage below laboratory. In our research we are compare the

difference in results under the curing of normal water and sea water.

TEST PERFORMED ON SPECIMENS

Compressive Strength Test

Test is done as per IS 516:1959. Cubes specimens are used of size 150mmx150mmx150mm to

determine the compressive strength of mix design concrete. No of cubes casted for compressive

strength is 9 cubes with the addition of wbc (5%,10% and 15%) for 4,21 and 28 days under

normal water curing and 6 cubes with the addition of wbc (5%,10% and 15%) for7,21 and 28

day under sea water and 9 cubes according to normal mix design under normal water. The

maximum load on compressive strength was noted and the strength is calculated. Cube

compressive strength (fck) in MPa, � =P/A where, P = cube compressive load in Newton’s (N)

A= Area of the side of cube.

IMAGE 2 WASTE BOTTLE CAPS IN A BREAK CUBE



FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

This test was performed as per IS 516:1959 specification. Normal mix concrete beams and

addition of wbc (waste bottle caps) concrete mix beam size 150mmx150mmx700mm are used

for flexural testing machine. No of specimens casted for flexural strength is 9 beams with the

addition of wbc (5%,10% and 15%) for 4,21 and 28 days under normal water curing and 6

beams with the addition of wbc (5%,10% and 15%) for 7,21 and 28 day under sea water and 9

beams according to normal mix design for normal water. The load is applied on specimens till

the specimen fails. The maximum value on which specimen fail load value is noted.

The Flexure strength is calculated using the formula, � = PL/bd2. Here, P = Breaking load

at which beam fails is N, L =length of the span in mm,

b =measured width in mm, d =measured depth of beam in mm.

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

This test was performed as per IS: 5819:1999 specifications. Normal cylinders and waste bottle

caps reinforced concrete cylinder of size 150mm (dia) x 300mm (height) are casted and cured.

No of specimens casted for split tensile strength is 9 cylinders with the addition of wbc

(5%,10% and 15%) for 4,21 and 28 days under normal water curing and 6 cylinders with the

addition of wbc (5%,10% and 15%) for 7,21 and 28 day under sea water and 9 cylinders

according to normal mix design under normal water. Formula is used to calculate the split

tensile strength is (2P/�Ld), where, P = compressive load on the cylinder, L = length of the

cylinder in mm, d = diameter of the cylinder in mm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

After the completion of this work on utilization of waste bottle caps (crown caps) as

reinforcement in concrete, determine that:

Concrete Mix

Proportions

Ingredient

Cement Water Fine

aggregate

Coarse

aggregate

Water-

Cement Ratio

M30

370kg/m3

284lit

713kg/m3

904kg/m3

0.45

Compressive Strength Results of Nominal Concrete Mix and Concrete with the

Addition Of 5%, 10%, 15% of WBC including sea water



In this graph we are showing the results of normal mix and concrete design with the addition

of waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) including sea water in various percentage these are

5%,10% and 15% replaced by coarse aggregate. Compressive strength is tested on the 7 days,14

days and 28 days casted specimens.

Split Tensile Strength Results of Nominal Concrete Mix And Concrete With The

Addition Of 5%, 10% , 15% Of WBC

In this we are showing the results between normal mix design and addition of waste bottle

caps (aluminium caps) including sea water.in this coarse aggregate is replaced by the 5%,10%

and 15%. split tensile strength test perform on the casted specimens of 7 days ,14 days and 28

days.

Flexural Strength Results of Nominal concrete Mix And Concrete With The

Addition Of 5% , 10% , 15% Of WBC

Graph is showing the results of normal mix design and design in which coarse aggregates

is replaced by the waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) by 5%,10% and 15%.specimens are used

for the test these are curried by 7 day,14 days and 28 days including sea water.



Compressive Strength Results Compression of Nominal concrete Mix Including

Sea Water and Concrete with the Addition Of WBC 5%,10% and 15%

In this we are showing the compression between the results in normal mix design and

addition of waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) including the result under sea water in which

coarse aggregate replaced by 5%,10% and 15% compressive strength test performed on

specimens of 7 days ,14 days and 28 days.

Split Tensile Strength Results Compression of Nominal concrete Mix Including

Sea Water and Concrete with the Addition Of WBC 5%,10% and 15%

We are showing the compression in split tensile strength results in normal mix design

including sea water and addition of waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) which is replaced by

5%, 10% and 15% in coarse aggregate. Test performed on the specimens for 7 days, 14 days

and 28 days.



Flexural Strength Results Compression of Nominal concrete Mix Including Sea

Water and Concrete with the Addition Of WBC 5%, 10% and 15%

Graph show the compression in flexural strength results in normal mix design and design

with the addition of waste bottle caps (aluminium caps) including sea water which is replaced

by 5%,10% and 15% in coarse aggregate. Specimens are used for the test are 7 days,14 days

and 28 days.

• just in case of compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength there are positive

results with the addition of WBC in concrete. These properties changes with the various

percentage.

• With use of waste bottle caps in concrete. there's increase in ductility of the sample as a result

of with the applying of load application of load sample broke in a very single manner not in

pieces as compare to the conventional concrete.

• In case of compressive strength there's no larger distinction gain within the strength the results

are relatively have tiny difference however the undersea water strength is decreases.

• In case of split tensile strength the strength is increase as increase in percentages of WBC

however strength is decreases underneath sea water because the percentages will increase.

• In case of flexural strength the strength is will increase as increase the share of WBC however

decrease under sea water.

CONCLUSION

• Waste bottle caps plays the vital role in producing extra strength in concrete at very low cost.

• From the experimental work it is been conducting that maximum percentage of waste bottle

caps can be used in concrete as reinforcing material is 10% for positive results.

• Waste reduction, conservation of energy and increase green construction.

• Compressive strength, splits tensile strength and flexural strength there are positive results but

the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are decrease under the sea

water as increase the percentage of waste bottle caps (crown caps).

• The inclusion of these crown caps is a positive effect which means that disposing the waste

bottle caps is not a problem now and the environmental impact of the bottle crown caps has

been reduced.



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UTILIZATION & EFFECTS OF CROWN CAPS ON STRENGTH …€¦ · Er. Sandeep Nasier Assistant Professor,...

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