,- I Set fort11 i l k this llu~idbwk ure lainirnuln public-health istandards relating to general ahnitation urid ratproofmg in the construction uf vesuulu. T l ~ w nt~t~rclurdu lrrtvo bcrr derelol,cd over a ~ ~ c t i d of twverlil ilecudes; exl~cric~rctr Iius slruw~i tliut tlreir O ~ S B ~ V O I I ~ dur- iug constl.uction, recoustn~ction, or jnujor rcpuir, will make i t nruclr easier to muintain the vessels in u ~ r acceptuble, srrrlitnry co~!diliorr during ol)errrticin.

l'roviuio~~s of tlris cditioti ~rl)l)ly to vessels c-~lrrt~.;rr.ted for' rrfkr

1 J I I I ~ ~ I ~ I ~ Y I , lU!J(I. lJrcl);irctl Ity I11e I I I~~IS~I I [C C111-1.icr l~ r i r~~c l r , XI\- riorr~rl (:ihrrlcr fur. Url,;rrr rrrrtl 11rtlrtstr.irrl llcrrlllr of tlrc Public IIerrlllr Scrvicr, ~ ) ( * ~ ) I I I ' ~ I I I ~ I I ~ of IZcnltlr, lCtItrc~~tiorr, rt~rd \Vclfrrre, llliv IIrr~rtl- book s:~peisctlcs (Ire ~)ublirrrtioi~ /IcrrrclLooX: or1 Snnitrrtioa u/ I'e.r.rrl /!oaalr~trcliorr, ilatct\' 1'335. 'l'ltu s t a ~ l t l r ~ ~ ~ t l s r o ~ ~ t a i ~ r c d Ircreiu ~ t r c rs- scrii inlly tlrc snare 11s tlroso i~rc.lrrdetl i r r the fo~.rrrer ~)rrl~licrrt iort, but

I rr'p~)ro~)~irrtc revisions 111tve lrcerr lllil(l~ i ~ t rccog~ritio~r of ol)err~(i~rg

i t!sl)i~l.iulrccu, tcclrrrologir~rl ~rdrrrrrcc~~rerrts, rrirtl clrairgeu i l l llre Iirtcrstnlc ( > I I I I ~ ' I I I I ~ i11tt itt8gl~1l~i io113. . i t j ~ b u.~i% i.eijiii%t~;! !r::$:: ::!i~!!! !\~C!!~!SC[S,

nl~i~~l)i~iltlcru, \.rsse1 owlieru 1111tl ol)er~rlor.s, i ~ ~ t l r ~ s t r i ~ r l S I I I ) ~ I ~ C ~ S , nut1 ollrcr Cio\.cr~inrc~lt ~rgi~~rcics. 'l'lreir sr~ggestio~rs lrlicl co~iri~re~rls IIII\-C ~irr\tIc it. possil~lc lo pr*otI~rce 11 IIIOI-c ~)rrrctic~rI ltit~rtlI)oulc.

Intprovetl rnetlloclv ~rrld equipment, u~rtloubtedly will be ds\*elopcd from time to t ima I t is the policy of tlie Public IIerrl~h Service to re- quest that i~idividt~als, wliow disciplines are closely nssocirrted with vessel dwign bnd. co~rstcuction, provide u~forrrration and advice on teclurological developine~rls which can affect shipboard snnitcttion. From time to time, nu the Ilealth significance of Lltcse iterris is evnl-

i u~tted a ~ r d us circu~nsl~rtrccs pe~.aiit, inrproved ~netlrods n~rd new topica will be included in revisio~ls of this ~~ublicnlion. Siictl developr~rents will lend to clrungcs il l existing stnrrdrirds of s~rnitntion for vessel coristructiorr. Tlris lia~itlbook will Lw! revised accordilrgly, ea cir- 1

I cut~rslr~~iccs rnriy require. ?'Iris ~)t~llic~rliorr i s orre of Itvo Irrr~iill)ooks tlealirry with vessel srt~ri-

trrtioil. Tlre otlrer, elllitled ~ ~ ~ r r r d b o o k OIL Sttnilatiun u/ Peaseta irr Opelrrlion, P l l S l'ublicstio~l No. 68, wrrs revisctl irr 1063.

\'cssrl l111r11s SIIOIIILI I)c S I I L I ~ I ~ I ~ C ~ for ~.cvie\\. of their sir~rit~rtiort furrtt~rcs. Ttvo copim sl~uald la seirt. to: ('lricf, Irr te~sl~rlc C~rrricr 11r1111~1t, K~htioilril C'e~rter for 1Trbi1~. rr~rtl I~r t l t~s t~- i~r l Ile~rlllr, 1'11blic 1 11~111~11 S r r v i ~ , ~ ~ E ~ I I I I ~ ~ I I I C I I I of 11~111t11, I<~lrrt-rrlio~~: 1t11t1 \\.i*lfrrri~,

i ( ' I I V I - ~ ('llilsl~, l f l l . , 20015. I 111yrriries regitrtlirrg this vessel ~ ~ ~ t r i t i r t i u ~ ~ I ) I ~ O ~ I ~ ~ I I I ~ I I I I ( I this 11; 1 1 ~ 1 - I I

I,wk s11o1110 Le tlirected Lo ill; nl) l)rol)r i~~~e l{cgiorlnl ORice li.tetl I i u i < i ~ l w 1 I IP 1)irck corer.

I

-- -. ---. CONTENTS

P...AcE --.,-,,-,-,,--------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bccrroai A. POTABLI WATDR SYSTEM:

I. Clenerd-:- - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - . - . . - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 2. PUllng Hose ,-------- --..- - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------- 3. Filling-Hose Stowage-- -. - - - ---------. - ..-. - - - - - - --.--- ,----

4. CUll~lg Line-, - - -- - - - . - - -, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. Storage Cupnclly , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

8. Slocagc Tanka ---.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - -#

7. 8toraga Tank Vents 8. Storage Tunk OverBona- - ----------,------ .------- ..-------, 0. Storage TPIIL hfanholes- - . ..---. ------,-------- .---,----,-- 10. Water Level Gnugea ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11. Ta11k Drulna- - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12. Diatributlun S y n l e ~ r r - - - . - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----.--------- 18. Purnpy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14. 1'11eanratiu (Preuaure) Tul~ka ----,--- -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16. ldeoli0uutlon aud h l a r k l n ~ .---, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a - - - -- - 18. Dlalnlectloo ,---------------------------------------------- 17. ProceJure lor Dblnfeetion - - - - -, - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18. Purldcailon of Water,-- -- --, , , --- - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- -

~ B ~ I O N D. WASH WATPR 81871il:

I. O r ~ ~ e r a l - - - , - , - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2. S t o r u ~ s Tank3 -----...------------------------------------- 3. Distril~utlou System - - - - - - .-------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4. Purlficnllon of Wwh \Vater- ------.,,-------..-.-------------

S ~ m l o n C. ~ A N I T A ~ ~ Oa OIERIIOARD WATER S Y ~ T E Y : I. Oeneral,-,--,------.,------------------,,--,-------------- 1. Salt Water Baths - - - - - ,. --, . - _ _ .,-_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

~ . ~ I O N D. YE~SEL-TO-SRO~U P I I E ~ ~ O R ~ - W A T E € ~ CONNECTION: I. Guuarul.---,---------..---.-.---.----------.,-,-------,,---

8mcr10~ E. S v r c ~ s roa THE STO~AOE, PRCPARATIOX, A N D SERVICS o r Fooo:

I. Decka ---.---,,---------------------,_..--------------,-,- 2. Bulkheads, Deckheads and Other Oyerlrend Instullatiom---,---- 8. Piping In Deckheads- - .---- ----------.-.------------------- 4. Dralnrge of Spaces .--- - ---. - - - - - - - - - - - -. . . . -. - . - - - - - - - - -. ,. 6. lnrecl Screeos.. - - - - ---. - - - - - - - -'- -. - -,. . - - - - - - - - - - - - .,--- 6. Tolleb and Luvatory Facilities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Wuler Supply- ----------------. .. -..---------------------- 8. 1,l~hting ...-,------.---...-.....------.--------_-.._--_----, 0. Ventilation .-,.,------------------------------------------- 10. Dlspo~ul at Refuse - - . -, - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - . - - .. - - - - - - - - - - -, - -- 11. Equipment ,---,,------------------------------------------ 12. Wushing and Baclrricidnl Trentmei~t Fneilitirs-. - - - ----. . -. - - - 13. Slowaye of Equip111e111-: ----. - - - - - - - - - - . . . . -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 4.4. Ilefrigeratlon--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pars ill

I. Ger~ernl.-,----- -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.. . . . , 20 2. Defir~itiona.,: --..----------------.-- --.------.------------ 19 - 3. h2aterlnh.- - - . , - - - - - - . . . - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - . . . 30 1. Daign and Constr~~ctiun --,---- - -. - .--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30 6. I~~ulnl l~l t ior~-- - --. . --. -. - - - - - - - -. ---. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . 33

2. Ai r~nps- - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -..- ----------- 34 3. Uackflow Preventem- - - - ---.- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 34 4. Uircliwater Valves ------.-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36 5. I : i n t u r a - - , - ~ . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 8. Prevention of Backflow Into Lire Potable-IVrter Bystern----- --. - 36 1''

7. I ) r i~~klr~g F'ounluins ..-.-.------.--------------' ------.------ 36 8.I)ruinuguSyslu1ns --,---- -- - - - - - - -.---- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 D. Veub and Trnps ------------.-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37

10. C l c u n o u t s - , - - - . , - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37 11. Yrsvcr~tion of Uuckllow of Waste- - .. . - - - - - -. - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - 37 13. gawngu 1tetw1llo11 .. r r ~ d , Trentraenl Syslcmr.- -- - - - - ----- -- - --- ' 40

. .

l . G e ~ ~ c r l ~ l - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43 1. Be!:-Wctcr Pm!- - _ - - - - - - _ = _ =, - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43 3. Recirculation Type Pool--- ---- -. . - -. - - - - - .--- - - - - - - ----.--- 48

SECTION J. P PA TI NO, VENT.ILATINO, A N P LIOIITISO:

I. General ------.---------------- .- - - - - - 44 i

1. O e ~ ~ e r r ~ l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - - - 46. 2. Defioltlons - - - - - - .-------------- - - - - - - - - - - - 46 3. llutproof Mnter ia l . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40 4. Acceptable Nonrntproof Matcrlalj . - - . . - - ----- - -. - - ---- - ----- 47

1 5. Itatproof-Exc111pt Surfaces --,--. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 6. Cclleral Itatproofing Crlterin---. . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.--.---- 40.

DETAILEO RATP~OOI'INO: 7. IIull n~ld Slrpporls- -,- ,- --- - - - - - - - - - - 8. Llgt~tcning Holes A I I ~ Void Spncej.. - - - - . . - - - - - - -. . . --- - - ---. 0. Illtcrior Fot~~~dut ioru .----------- - - --. .- - - - ----.-----------.

10. Sldcl Tal~k-Top iu 1,ower Hold- - -. . . . - - - - - -. . - - - - - - - - - -----: I I . Wooclc~t Car80 l'acls ---... -. - .. - . ,- . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 12. Cl~nin 1,ucl;crs.-- - - - . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------ -: 13. 1)oora .---...--.----.-------..-.------------------------ --1 14. \Villdow Cueing-- - - --.- .--.. - - - -. . - - - - --. ----,---.---- - ----- 15. Bn l l t r~L- . - - - - - - , . - - - . - - - - - - . - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - 10. Skyligl~t --. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -- 17. ~ I ~ I I ~ ~ O ~ U S - - - - - - - . - . . - - - - - - - - . . - - - - . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Btnncfi FAOIL~TIC~-~H~TALL~TIO~~B: alr. Gooeral . . . , , - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - . . 70 '

25. P I ~ k ~ - - - - . - - , - - - - - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - . + 71 2.1. Cablee-EleuLrio, Telrgrupbic, alrd Mecl~unicul.--.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71 26. Ve~rllluLlng, Alr-Cooling, .llr-CondlLlo~~ing, and Hcntir~l; Systcnra- 73 26. Screr11111g of Volrt Ope~~iugs-. . . - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - -. .. - - - - - - 76

27. G e l r e r e l . , , ~ - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75 28. Cenoral-Curgo H o b - - - - - -. - - -, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77 29. Refriheruted-Cargo Spaces- -----. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78 30. I~e!riyeratin~-41ac11i1rery Spaco. ---... . -. -. . - - - - --. -. . - - - - - - - - 78 31. Engills IIII~ hIacl~l~rery Cirailr(l.--. .--. - - - - - - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78 32. Onlley, Pt111lry und Food Storeroo~lru. - . - - - - - - . . - -. - - - - - - - - - - - 78 8a. Bluuvea .----...------.-.-.-..---------.-..----------------- 7L1 34. Plpeq - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70 a8. VenLil~rtlng, Alr-Co~~dltlonlug, and I leal ing Ducts ---, . - - - - - - - - - 70

as. Cunernl---,-.----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 81 37. Rope and Cable I leeL ---.--.---------.-..-..---. .------------ 81 38. hloor i r~g F l t t l n g ~ ----------.-------------------------. .---.- 82

I 8 r o w ~ a a S ~ ~ c r m FACIUTIES: I

30. Bhelv a---..----------....-----------.--------------------- 82 40. B I m ~ , - , - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83 41. Spare-Parts Box- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 42. Locken ---, -----.-----. .--.--- ----------.. 84

! 48. D o x e s - , - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84

F o n ~ ~ ~ u n r i AND FIX'I~ORES: 44. O e ~ ~ e r u l - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - 81 48. Oolloy Fixtures--- - -. . . . . . - - - - - - - - - -, - -. -. . . -. . . . -. - - - .. --- - 84 48. Eleclric ncfrlgerators, Drinking Foc~ntal~rs, and Dri~rklng-Water

o l e . 85

A r ? i ~ ~ l x A-hllniruum Thickness- Approved Ilntproof Jlnterial-- - - - - - 87 A~YENDIX D-Mlnimu~n Tblct~rees-AccepLable h'ol~ratproof hlaterlal- . - 80

; Arr r .uors C-U.B. Standard Gauges tor Sheet and Plate I ron U I I ~ Steel- - OU

;. , i 8 .' :. . . j i :. 1; a , 1 ; ;. .. .

1 : : i:;; ;;;: ! ; i i ;:;; ;ii!;:;i i ; ! l ; ; ] ; j ; ; ! i ; i / i ; i ~ ~ ! l l ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ; ; : ; ! ~ ~ ! : t : : : l i l * i : : ' 1 : YJ ;;iiiiiiiiiiijl;,j.\ ;Ill;liiill]!~ :: .!,:.. i : l ~ i ; i i l i i i .. ,: i, i!ii ,i lilij, liiii:ip!$ ,;I~~I!!U~JJ&~I!! . . iiiLLJi i t , ~ i i ; II iilf , I 1 1 1 . 8 L ii!i.~,.xii ,..I . . , , l i l ~ i d i i ~ i ! : ! ~ i i i i i i ~ I I!!II i ' L LI ' +I. --- I'

-0204 pror idd . T h e potnLle water filling hose should be e ~ e r r l y ma~kad

'

wilh one-inch ( n ~ i ~ ~ i a r u n r ) lettering renclir~g L*VL',~~LE WATER 1108t.

lM4DBOOK ON SANITATION OF VESSEL UNI.Y. All potctble \vr ter I~ose adu Jters should b properly identified. .

3. /ILIING-HOSE STOWAGE. &e potnble voter hoes and tiuch lrydrunt rrclirpte~s RY Inay be required sholrld be sto\\.cd in r self-

CONSTRUCTION r l r n i ~ ~ i n ~ closet c~tbii~et o r 011 11 rnct oig see^, or 11u1rg 011 rackets and located irelrr tlre vesscl's f i l l i i ~ ~ line co~~nection. 'l'hese f~rcillties

Section A. POTABLE WATER SYSTEM

1. GENERAL. Tlie term potabls water, hs used Ircrtli~~, menus da te r which 111cets the require~rre~rts of the Pr~blic Ilenltlr Service Dri~rkiag Water Stundurds.'

IVl~er~uver ~)~.ucticrrble, o111y O I I ~ writer systcn~ sl~ol~lcl be i~rstnlled, ~ u p p l y i ~ ~ g 11otabIe 1~11ter for drialci~~g, cooku~y, disllwnsl~ing, ablu- tio~rnry, I~ospital, ~ ~ ~ r t l l a ~ ~ ~ ~ t l e r h ~ g plirouses. 1Vl1e1-u dual s y s t e ~ ~ ~ s must Lwl instrillecl, potcd.de tvntel- slrould be pilwd to outlcts where i t miry Lw, r~setl for d r i~~ l i i ag , cooliing, clisl~\\-trsl~ing, or n~eclical-cnre purposeu' (crclasive of l~ydrotl~crnpy), but it ~reccl 110t be piped to slop s i~~ l i s , lav~rtories, laundry Iacililicu, bntlr t l~b~, tilrowr~s, wcrter c lw~tu , licl~.ts, r ~ ~ ~ c l l~ose cor~~~ect io~rv t~setl for t1ec.k rvrtsl~ii~g purposes. O ~ i l y 11olublc tvutcr slro\~ld Le supl~lietl to food ~~rupanr t ioa spfrcev uxccl~las ~rotu i l l wet io~r E, itc~rr 10.

Water for pot~rl~le i)ulposcs sl~orrld be obtai~recl f r o ~ n aeceptuble wnterirrg ~loi~rts . \\'lre~r purificrrtion or trcnt~rrelrt on bonrcl is neces- st~ry, t l ~ e r~retlrotl selectetl for use s l ~ o ~ ~ l t l bc tl~rrt \vl~icl~ is best suitecl to the n~rd most eusily undo~stood by the operrrting personnel. A11 prrrts of the potable wuter syste111 sll~ur~lcl be locntecl so they \\-ill irot be srilb~~argetl in bilge wuter (n ~ I ~ I I ~ I I I I I I I I of 18 ii~ches above tlre b i l ~ e level), 11or ~ I I S tl~ror~glr t r r~~ks s t o r i ~ ~ g ~ro~rpotrrble l iq~~ids.

2. FILLING HOSE. A special 11ose slroulcl be p~-ovided for loading potnble wu ter Irolrr slrore sources, except on vessels wlrere distillu tion or other t rent~nent process is used to provitle potnble wuter und w11e1.e slrore sources crre irever used. The l~ose should be durable, shoulcl liave a s~noot l~ , impervious lining, nntl sl~ould be equipped aitlr the Ilecessar.y litti~~g-ti for. f t ~ s t e r ~ i ~ ~ g it Lo l l ~ e fillit~g litre 1111tl the hyrlrent. I t is 1)rcfcrablu tl~rrt the t i t t i ~ ~ y s r~~r t l llrresds be clilfereat from those orr other l~oses or1 the vessel, a ~ r d sr~italble ~rdi~ptels for colrrrecti~~y these f i t t i ~ ~ g s to l~yclrn~\ts slrould be ~)rovi(lcd. For vessels wl~ose specific ncecly are not known, r r t lenst two 3O-f00t sections slroi~ld be

' .Siil,l~t~rt .I nf the I l~ter?r t~i te Q I I I I ~ I I ~ I ~ ~ I I ~ nr~ulatlaus. us aotendd.

slrould bu i~rst;rlled I I ~ ler~st 16 illclres nhove tlre deck nnd use(\ for no o t l~e r purpose. Wlren the 110% is btotved on u rnck o r ~ x e l o r hullg OII brncltots, Inenns slror~ltl be pro\.icletl to secure tbe hose to its sup- ports or to tlrc bulkl~eatl. -4 hose \vlticlr is not delved in 8 c l ~ d crlbi~ret shoulcl lrnve its ends c~rpped Ivitlr thrended fittings. The lrose c ~ r l ~ i ~ ~ e t or sto\vcrge sprrce slrould be pcrlnn~\elrtly nlnrlted. by nrenns of ~/z-i~rch let tering (uriiri~rru~rr ) on a r~o~rcorrovive label plut~., or eqrtivnle~~t, ref~tli~rg PUTALILE W.YI'EI~ 110s~ OSLH.

4. FILLING LINE. A potgble-~uter tnnli systen~ \vliicl~ I I I I L ~ be filled by hose should l~nve rrlr i~~tlepe~rdeirt filli~rg liiro \vlricl~ ul~ould not be cross-conaected with airy line of rr ~~o~rl )otnble systenr, nnd.ehauld not prss through crny no~\potrrble liquicl.

The lillitrg 1i11o s l~or~ld b c y i ~ ~ , ci t l~er Irorizo~~tully or in n goose~~eck ! p o i r ~ t i ~ ~ g dowrrw~rrd, a1 11 point rt le~rst 18 inches thove ii16:iop .of the tr~rlc or of tl~c? deck \vl~iclr tlic line ~)enetratcs. Scrcn tl~reuds, or otlrer tlevices ~ ~ e r ~ n i t t i n g lrose r r t t~rc l r~~re~~t on tlre cild of the potable- water filli~rg lic~e, preferably sl~ould be different from the thre ~ d s or deviccs on other filling lines crad o ~ r fire hydrnnts. T h e filling -line . shot~ld l ~ a v e a screwcnp or ping fastened by a c l~a in to an rrdjaount bulkhend or surfnce i ~ r suclr I, nlrrlllrer t l~nt the cap or plug yill .'not ,.

'

touch tlre tleclc \vireo I~nngilrg free. Elrcl~ filli~rg line should be clemll j" marked by merits of lh- i~~clr lettering (al ir~iaru~n) st~rmped oa no~~corrosive lnbel plnte, or equivnlent , r r~~t l locc~tecl nt o r lrenr the point of hose cor~trection rending POTALILE WATER PILLISO. The filling * -

line within the vessel slro~~lcl be p~r i~~tecl or stbirciled, ns recoln~rended . _ . '

irr sectiot~ A, item 15. 5. STORAGE CAPACITY. Adeqvnte storage slrould be p r o v i d d fur "

1 potnble wrrter. I n cleternlini~rg tlre.~~mount, considerntion should k. I .

give11 to the size of tlre crew, the lrrr\xiaru~n number of pnsse!rgers .

to be ~rcco~~rn~odnted, tlre f~-equeacy \vitIr \vlricl\ wnter cnn be londed from nccclitnble sources, the nvrilnbility of ivrter suitnble for' t q a t - nrent ~ r r~ t l fr~cilitiev for trert i~rg it, nad tlre types of \ratela ~ y s t e ~ ~ ~ s nhcrrtl.

The consun~ptio~r vnlues give11 in tnble I, belo\v, nre intended inerely us plicles for the r~nrou~rt of stolagq required. Tlre actual unit values will c1ej)ead U ~ J O I I the type of vessel n~rd the service in \rlriclr it is e~lgtrgecl. P ~ v s e ~ ~ t t l c s ig~~ pri~ctice esceetls this rlnount .-

... I 6. STORAGE TANKS. Potable water sl\ould be stored in one or I

j more tnrks \~ l i ic l~ nrs so co~utructetl, l a~ tec l , arid protected as to be

I safe ognirst nny contnmit~ntion from tlre orltside. SucL a tank should , be constructetl of nietrrl or otlrer suitl~ble tllrrterial. I t slrould be inde- I

~~elrclent, \citlr Iro co~irrnon bourrtlury wit li , n tank holding nonpotltble \vrrter 01. otlrcr liquitls. Tlrc trrrrk slror~ld be ilrclapellde~rt of the ahell . of tlre slrip, urlless tlie buttori~ of the tlrrlk is I I ~ lrltst 2 feet nbove the nrnri~uu~rr-load \veterlilre, triril 1\11 slrell seritns l i ~ l c l c o ~ ~ r ~ c c t i o ~ ~ s ia way of the ta~rk nre continuously \velcletl nrr tlre inside of the talrk. There slroulcl be no rivets in tllnt prrt of tile slrell or slrell co~r~rectio~rs which

i fo r~u tire side of tile tnak. No tlrrot~glr-ljolts slro~~l<l be used in or on pot lrble \rlitel. Irrnks.

1 1 d t . k lrlrry be used us tlre t o l ~ of ir potnlle-wutur tulrk, provided t l ~ ~ r t rlre~s irre IIO rrccess or iuqrrctio~r ol)eirir~gs tlieruirr, nut1 thnt tlte senlris '

5 1t1.t) C O I I ~ ~ I I I I O I ~ S I Y \velded 011 the inside of tlro ~nrdc. Tlrere slrould be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1 - . C &La

l t ~ ~ ! i l ~ ' l ~ [ ~ ~ /ltlji!iiif 111 111 : - - , t ~ j j j ~ h i l ~ ~ l ~ i l l ! ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ i i i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- l L l i s . . Lii . . ! TABLE 1. -Apprmin~ulr minimu~n r o t a of conr~cmptio* of rlot~~ulic wder un vsrrdr

tunlc. Xo toilet or rlrinrrl slrould be instctlletl over tlrnt purt of n deck ."

\VOID TANU

C 0

1-

UrluLLna wutut: Cnw. ptucurcrr ........................................

Oooklny wrbr: Coakbs rrgclabla a d h l i wuma ........................... ~ b b w j l l l n g ...................................................

w u b b ~ . l t S .................................. - ............................. l ~ m a l a l . .................................................................. .................................................................... Laundry ........................ GIOIUIL~~ In gruy, ppntry, urd dlnlrrl rmlu

Tulrl.. .......................................................

ACCLPTABLE LOCAIION OF P ~ T A B I E WAIEI TANKS IN lELATlON TO BILGE 01 I N N f I

----- ---- - ------- --- of irrner-bottoln plutilig, the J~otto~rl of the ~)ot~rble-water tarlk drrriu

Tlre s~~routrt of s torny limy be dwrsusecl wlratr the potnblewater sllorlld I)u aL IensL I8 illclres itbo\pe tlie lo\ved 11oilrt O F tllc bilge space.

upp ply will be sul>l)le~nea tell with \vn tcr purified nbosrd, but only 'rho bottom of 11 ~~otnble-\vater tarrlc Irr11r 11e fortlre(1 by the illner-

by sucll nn trlrrourlt 11s cnll be supl>lietl dcpendnbly by the purification Lotto111 I)lirt illg 1)rovi(leiI t l l n t :

I process. n. An 18-iuch-deep void spncc ex is t s 'u~~da~~~~cnt l l ; and

When the eatire ~)otnble-wrrtcr supply is obtni~led by distillntion of b. There is no \\-ay for tlre void to I J ~ tillctl; irlrtl

ove~.bonrd wrrter, or by rtccel)trrble trcutnre~rt of overbonrd fresh water, I ) elraicicnt stortrge drotlid bo l~rovidud tir ii~eclrrde the need for twutillg I

I ! . overbonrtl \va ter from 4rurbors or otlrer lrenvily cootaminated nreaq I I '

' u~rd to ~ruvidb for 1)oriod~ of ml t i l~ tc~~~lr r~e nnil repuir. The treatnlelrt !

of wuter fro111 Ire~ivily colrtnnlilrnted urcns cntr be avoided by londing

i from eccapt~rble shore truurccs \virile ia pol.t, or by tlru treatment of water from \vnsh-wnter4n11ks \vIriclr h0t.e been filled froth sntisfnchry nources. In the lntter cuse, total stornge requirerrrents can be mnde . up of B colnbi~lntion of wuslr-wter storrge and potable-water storage, I

I but in no ctlse sl~ould t l ~ e potable-\v~itel. storage be less thnn a %day 1 suuolv.

I

O.W DU v n w dar wl~iclr fo1.1rrs tlro top of n potnhlo~~vnte~~ tnlrlc. ;t deck nay form tlrt! ~ r ~ m k ~ o r - mokbt snkm --

at

*.I A o

1.1 & a

W U ~ . w r k r

r~slrm

............

............ ............ I& 0 A O 1.9 ............

a o

comblnal bottorrr of n I)otnble-w~rtc~b ttrlllc, pro\-icled tlrut it does rot also fornl'tlle rmbm top of a talrl; ~vlriclr Irolcl~ ~~o~rl)otirl~le \vrrte~* or otlrer liquids. '

'l'lru bottolrr of ~ I I J 1)otable-\rater ta~rk il l the lo\ver part of the ship LT tllrorlld be locuted so t l r l r t tlrr: tn~rk drlrilr is ut leust I8 i~rclres nl)o\*e tlre

top of ilrlier-hot to111 t1r1ll;s used for the storllge of liquids ( S C ~ fig. 1). :. 3 When nrl opcrnting rlwk, plutfor~ri, or grrrting is installed in the vicin: 1L I 1.0 ity of the potable-\vntcr tnlrl; nlrrl lrelrr llre i~irter-l>otto111 plsting, it id

'

1.0 I. 4 prefenrble tllut tlre Lttolll of tile pot~rble-wter t n ~ ~ k be nbove d ~ c h

10.0 opkrrtilrg rleclc, pllr t fonn, or1 grlrring (see fig. 1 R ) . '111 the nbsellce

c. The void space ulrd the inner-bottonr plating nround the tunk am provided with meuns for ndequute drainage.

If tire u~turior surface of a tank sllould q u i r e cuatttg, an socept- able tank lilring inaterinl sllould be used.'

No druirrlilre or pipe currying riolrl~otnble liquids should pass tlrrouglr the tnuk unless n \t~ttt~'i-tight tunrrel is provided (sce fig. 2). Turu~els s11011ld be tnnds of Irenvy plnte orq pipe, hnvo a continuous slope for clrj~inugo prlrposes, enrrd be open for inspectiolr. Lines currying mrvugtr or other co~~tnnri~rrrted liquids slrould irot puw directly ovcr tlre nrcr~~lrolo. in tlte tunk.

Tlne 1)otrble \st1 ter tnrk ril~ould h clearly m~rrked by menns of '/;-inch lettering (nri~rirrrual) s ts~~rl~ct l ocr a ~ro~rcorrosivc lnbel yluto, or equi- valeal, re~icl i~~g W ~ A ~ L E \VJ'I'EH.

Vwels using tulrlis for tlro stonrge of potublu wuter whicll do not mwt tlre lrbove recon~nlendctio~ls should luivo provision for ncceptnb1,le

'd Ilet ut Polullc Il 'nfrr Ttbr~k IA~tirlgr dc.ceptcl fur I ~ ~ l e r r f u f e UnrrIer V8s may be lubtulued f r o ~ u tlre Publlc neulth Bervlce RcgLunul OfHce servlng tba currler coucerned.

NON-POTABLE LIQUID LINES THROUGH POTABLE WATER TANKS

I I 1

EXAMPLES OF SELF DRAINING IUNNEL DESIGN

truntlrlont of writer cIrc~\vn fronr those t1111ks beiora its vsm ns potabld wnter.

7. STOllAGE TANK VENTS. Potnble wnter stomge tanks &odd be provided with 11 rent so locnted snd ro~~strlrcted as to prorent ths en- trnrrce of co~rtn~rrinnting slrlstnnces. -1 sirrgle pipe \vithout takeoffs . ~ ~ r n y bo used as n co11Ji11ei1 vent nnd ovrrflu\v. A potable \rater tnnk vent slroulcl not be colr~rectcd to tlre vent of ~ r ~ r y tni~k holcling or in- tended for Irollling nol~pol~ible liquid. Tlre vent or combined vent nncl overllo\r sltortld tern1io:rte Ivitlr the opeo end poilrtiog dotvntvard ~r~rcl slrot~lcl be screel~ecl wit11 16-n~esl~ corrosioll resistunt wire. f t alror~ld tennilrate 11 nlinilurrm distnnce of 18 irrclres ubove the deck. W11en the c1rc1 is exposed to \\.are nctio~r, it ~Iro111d 1x3 eqvipped with n bnol;\\.l~ ter (cl~ecli) valve.

8. STORAGE TANK OVERFLOWS. Tlru ~)otaMe water tnnk slrould be ~,rovitletl \\.it11 1111 overflorc. or I-clief r~rlre, wlticlr sl~otilil be so locnted t l ~ u t tlle test Irecrcl of tire tirlrli is rrot rxcrecled. l'lre 01-erflow sllotrld be corrstructe~l nrld proteetetl in the solrre II1nrrlrer nu reconleleirded for verlts in itel11 7. An overflo\v nra? be ~ '0111~~il l~d \i'itll n vent, but the provisiolrs clescriletl for tlre co~lstr~lcliulr ~r~lcl ~)rotectiol~ of both vents nnd overfio\vs slrolild lie observed.

9. STORAGE TANK MANHOLES. Tire potal~le \rater tnnk slio~ild be provided \ri t l~ u nr~~~~lro le , lo 1)luride tlceera illto the tliak for clennirrg prrrlwses. TI16 lor~rlrole slrould be locntetl in the side, but m y be in the top \\.hen tlre top ir: not fol-rrred br 11 deck. \\'heir locnted irr tlre top, it slror~ltl be 1)roviilrcl wit11 11 coanri~lp, or curb, I-riuecl nt l e ~ ~ s t one- half inch el)ove tlre tnslc-top. Tlre cover slrould extend to tlre outer edge of the C I I ~ or flnrcre 7 ' nnd shor~ld be wit11 n gnslret n ~ ~ d a device for secllrir~g i t 111 plsce. F l ~ r s l ~ ~~rn~rlroles \rill be ncceptable

, in tlre sides of taalzs. I 10. WATER-LEVEL GAUGES. -1ny menns provided for determining

the dept It of t s ~ ~ t e r i l l the ~otnble-anter t ~ ~ l ~ l i s shotlld b so coirstructed 11s to preverlt the entrcrlrce of co~rtnl~li~r~rlcd s~~l)shrrrccs or liq~iicls I hrto the tanlrs.

Devices wllicl~ lire co~rsiderecl sntisf~~ctol-y for rleterrnir~iug tlre \vater lerul in 11 potable-\rater t~ruk irtrluclc, blrt nr-e rrot restricted to:

n. l ~ n t e r - ~ n t i ~ e glnss wit11 ~lrutoff \rnlse on n side of the tnnk. 1). Prtrocl;s at n()l)~.opriate irtte~.vl~ls I)II l l~e side of the t~\l\Ii.

c. Pctcnc-b-s i~~str~lletl i l r II to.lir~rl, oliset pilie \rlrirlr is co~rnectcc\ Lo tile L I I I I I ~ Irerlr tllu bottom lllrcl to[).

<I. tt'~~tc~r-le\.el ir~tlicirtors ect11111rtl b~ air 1)ressjsure. ( 1 ' 1 1 ~ 11ir I I ~ I I J

Ire sl l~~l~l iet l by 11 l l i~ l~ t l~ ,~~nrp , O I . I ~ I I i~rdc~)r~rde~rt colrrl)ressor, or tlrl*ougl~ II " l )~uss-o~~" \-r~l\-e \ritlr 11 lirl~~itl tl.111) i11d11llec1 in the sul)l)ly line f r o ~ r ~ the 111ili11 coc~rl)~.esserl-~rir syste~~r.)

P. .\II eltcIose(I ~ I I ) ; I I g1111gt. 6

11. TANK DRAINS. The potable-water tauk slrould be so designed tlvrt it el111 ba conrpletely druilred. Tlre d ra i~ r o l ~ e ~ r i ~ r g should be of st least olrtl lr~rd one-hnlt illclr tlinmetor. II'lle~l drninage is by grnvity How, the opeaiag slroultl be i ~ r the botton~ of the tnnk rind slrould ter- - nrinate fluslr with, or below the i ~ r ~ r e r srlrflrce of tlre trllrk h t to~ l i . : Tlle i~\stnllalio~\ should bo sircll 11s to avoiil a reillforcing plute, 11 rnised welcli~rg bead, or a prolrlrtli~~g pipe in w~ry of tlre Irole, wllich iroultl preve~rt coll~plete drtril\age. Tlliv CIIII bu I I C C ' O I I I I ) I ~ S I I C ~ as S I I O ~ Y I ~ ill fig11re 1. \Vben tlre p o t ~ ~ b l e - \ v a t e r - l ) r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ srrct io~~ line is uscrl to h i 1 1

tlre tlrrrki it slroulcl clrlri~l fro111 a S ~ I I I I ~ ~ , ' IIU slro\v~r i r r figurc 3C. A tlr~ri~r ill tllu iliscl~n~*ge lir~e sl~orrlil Le locuteil rll~et~cl of I I I L ~ bru~rcll tlrlceolr to the clistributio~r sjste~rr. .\ vlrlve sllonld be il~stulled o ~ r tire nr~rirr i111111cilintely Iwyo11(1 l l ~ i11.1ri11li11e t~tl;eolr. !

,I ~ c r e \ v ~ ) l ~ ~ g or c1rpl)etl ~ripplu tll~orrld bu installed o ~ r a tank drain olrly \vlle~.c i t is elrsily 11rcessil)le r r ~ r t l ivlrere tllc water colt be \vr\sted di~.cctly tlre~.efrol~r. \\'llelr 11 p i l~e tlr~lir~ayc spte111 iu il~stl\lletl, it Y I I O U I ~ I be i~ltlel)e~rcle~rt of rrll otlrcr t ln~il l~\ge sy~renlu, 111rcl slrorrld be ~)~.otwt'?'d 11s speeifietl i r r sectiorr 0, itc111 6. 'I'lle clr.r~ir~!ir~e s l~o l~ ld Le plugged or clrl)l~ed, to !)re veul the loss of \ve ter i r ~ clrse t Ire ilrail~ valve ~l10r110~ I ) ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I I B I U O S ~ J I C ~ Iiy vib1-11tio11, i111less 11 lociii~~g-type vlllve is ~)rovided.

12. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. T h e distribution li~rw, includi~lg the s u r l i o ~ ~ lirres of 1116 l)oti~hlc-w~tle~- l)ul~rl), slror~lll lrut In! cross-cu~r~~ected willr t11(: 1)il)ilrg or slol+age t1111li of I I I IY I I O I I ~ ) O ~ ~ \ ~ ) ~ ~ - \ V I \ ~ ~ I ' systela. Tllere slror~lcl be IIO blilrtl or sl)uctncle 111\11gcs, I I ~ I - 111ry re l~~ov~lble or

1 swing sections of pipe ill tlre lines, wlrerel)y srrclr 11 co~rnectiol\ crtn be mode.

Tile tlist~.ibutio~r lines, i ~ r c l l ~ r l i ~ ~ g tlre s r ~ c l i o ~ ~ li~res of tlre potuble \\*~rter I I I I I I I ~ ) , sl~or~ltl he locirretl so t l~ey \\.ill rot be s t ~ L ~ ~ ~ c r g e d in bilge

. . trr~lul-, (sca sccliolr (;, ~lelrr U ) 11or plrss t l ~ r o r ~ g l ~ t i r ~ ~ k s storilrg nolr- 1~olablc* licluitl?l, r\.itllor~t bcl~ulit of 1111 I I ~ L ' L ' J ) I I I ~ I C ' , self-ilr~rilri~rg t\~rlne\.

'l'lre ilistribrrtioa system slrorrld be protected ngllinst the introduction I

of contt\nri~rntion by bnckllo\v, ns specified in scctio~t a, ibm 0. h'o direct connectio~l fro111 the pot111)le-~vnter systela should be lnnde

I for tho I)url)ose of cooli~rg lrrnclrinery or opernti~rg nn aspirator, ejec- tor, or otlrur. Ilytllar~licnlly ol)enrted cluvice. -1 hot-wntcr Irentin6, air- cool i~~g, or a i r -cor rd i t io~ l i~~~ circulrrti~rg-ivater s y ~ t e ~ ~ r should not be sirl)l)lici\ dil-cctly froin IL ~)otal)lc-w~rtcr syste~rr, 1111leuu it is u closed systc~n \\.it11 no nonpotnble ~vn te~ : connections, irnil rurless the wutor is irot used for [rent-excLnnle purposw ill n r ~ i r i t eotltnilling to xi^ 01nte-

I rinls.

l'otlrllu \r.ater sl~oirld 1101 be trscd for c o o l i ~ ~ ~ boiler wrrter for t s t i a g

. 7 I H I I . ~ M ~ S W , 1111less it is sillq)liril to 01- tlisl:l~;r~,~c,l f r o l l ~ tile cooler throogh I

I

I Potable-water outlets slrould be provided in or near rclasenger, om- . I

I

4 s i 3 a

5: '1 11

, \G- ' \._,

3 cel; and crew qunrters, nnd in the engine und boiler rooms Drinking '

water fountl~ias (see section G, item 7) should be installed, if j . plrcticuble.

i Coolers \r.lrich pcl~uit direct col~tact of ice with the water, or which

f t (I

5

nnd pantries for emergency or routine use ns a supplen~ent to pressure' P 17 I - 1 ' N I W 3 a 1

f i

d t

consist of r cooli~~g clr~r~~lber into wlrich n lvnter-filled bottle33 inserted

S ; in alr ilrvertcd positiolr, sllould not I,e used for dispensirrg, drinking

. -

rt : r u i-

0

f a 2 t

i

I! -0' I

f

wnter.

c Hot und cold potnble water slrould h supplied under pressure to the . I . ylley, pantry, nnd scullery. Steam \vLich is to 'be npplied directly to

! food slrolrld be nlnde frorrr potable l~nter. Boiler stectm is sntisfactory ns u uleans of lreating potnble water and food i f npplied indirectly, as tlrrougll coils, tubes, or separnte cl~n~obers.

IIot and cold pdnble water slrorlld be supplied under pressure to the hosl)itnl nlrd otlrer ~nerlical-cnre spnces for lr~md\\-nslring nnd medi- B r csl-care purposes (but [rot necessurily for Irydrotherupy, toilet nnd

g bdpen Iluslrirrg, or butlring). E! r* Only potubla wlrlcr slrould be user1 for nlakil~g ice that \rill come

t in cotttnct wi~lr food or drink.

I ' 13. PUMPS. The potable-water pump sliould hnve adcquate copac- ity for survico dewnlrds, nlld slrould be used for no purpose other than

3 for pu~rrping potnblc Irnter. The instullntion of n stnndbp pump is

. i! reconrlnended for ealergcncies, sucll ns n breakdown in the main unit serving tbe potable-11-trter system.

I Hmdpumps, rlrich are to be installed on some vissels to serve galleys

: of contn~~rination ilrto tlre potnble-wnter storage tnnk or into tlre water i orrtlets, sllould beso constructed and instnlled ns to prevent the entrnllce . \

t

*

a

f o

0 f

3 8 A I - I J 9

2 .) 1 '0 i U

' r ;* 6 5

-

< L J I ~ ;)i 0;:

being pumped. No pump-hencls with slotted tops, nor pitclrer-type

I"'" I s pumps, sl~ould be instnlled.

J II 14. PNEUMATIC IPRESSURE) TANKS. Compressed air which ie to be

9 , introdircod into a pneumatic tnnk sllould be supplied by : r- 5

i P hp/ . a 'i r. A "snifter" (air-intnke) airvnlve on the potable-water pump, or ~2 5 b. An i~lde~~enclent compressor, or a

t 4; : 3 c. A mui~r compressed-air system using n press-on vnlve with n liquid

\I--;. t>' .-- Lr13rrvl

f 5 t

L

1 5 e r 5 r s f trnp irlst~llldd ilr the supply line (the liquid trap being instnlled in the

E g 3, line learlilrg dircctly to tlre pressure tnnk, and r~ot less thuq 2 inches E! in dinr~~eter and 8 inclres in length), or

i d. Any otlrer device mlrich will prevent contaminution of the potnble water. 4)

Whare -e coa\lnolr co~nl~ressed air systenr supplies pr-essure to both - . . .. . . . . I an

k 5 1 9 b A

"i a

nlrould be via a press-on type of nir valve nnd hose. A press-on type ~kir vnlvo is one which ulust be held in p l ~ ~ c e mallually nnd which cnn- not 1-elnui11 connected without nuch mnnunl holding.

15. IDENTlFlCATION AND MARKING. Tlle piping of tho potable- watur system, i~rcluding tlro filli~rg li~rc, sliould be suitnbly stenciled, pniated liglrt blue, or striped with O-iaclr light blue bu~rds, or a light blue ntripe, ut tit ti~rgs, ua enclr siila o t p~lrtitio~rs, decks, ~ ind bulkheuds, u~rd nt i ~ r t e ~ v d s not to esceed 16 feet in 1111 spaces except quurters, din- ing roonls, snlons, a i d similnr public plnces lvlrere the decor would be ~ r ~ ~ l r r e d by s~wlr nrurkings. I .

\%*hen pot~'ble lvuter is produced nbonrd tlre vessel by treatment, llle ide~~tifying ~rrurkiags of tlrs pi[~ing system s110uld begin a t n point lmyo~rd tlre lttvt t re~rtmeut u~rit. 1Vlren srryerchlul~inution u~rd (techlor- i~~utiun Irrc i~rvolvell i l k tlru trclrtnterrt process, the lrl~lrkin~s should h g i u i~rmleciintel~ follo\ving cl~loriunticia. \\%en chlorinntion alone is used, tlre piping beyond the rotentiot~ tank sl~oulcl be marked.

'l'ha bodies of v~rlves iautalled i ~ r that part of tlre potnble-water sys- tem wlricll is nrarked slrould le approprintely Inkled.

All nonpoi~ibicr ivtiier iiutlcts sllould be l!rbe!r?d UNFIT EWR DRINKINO.

In eu~ne cnseu, fnucels for I~otlr potable u~rd ~~orrl)otublo water rnay be so Iwutecl ns to le i~rrliuli~rguiul~able fro111 encl~ otlrer. To t~void con- fwion in suclr cuses the potnl~la-w~iter oi~tlct sliould be labeled F W ~ ~ D L L .

16. DISINFECTION. Defore being put into srvice, the potable- water storuge turrk and distribution system sliould be clenned, disin- fected, and flusllecl. Where .e water distiller is connected to the pot- rille-wuter tank or system, tlre pipe tuld nppurtenances between the clistiller n~rrl the potable-\vnter tank or system slloi~ld le disinfectad by the sulne trerita~e~rt us tllut given tlre potnble-water system.

I 17. PROCEDURE FOR DISSINFECTION. Clrlorine compouds which

ure used for disiafecting wuter systems ore clrlorinnted lirne, high-t8Bt ! hypoclrlorite, or com~lrercinlly prepnred liquid sodium hypochlorite.

Chlorinntecl lime rrrld liqi~id sodium lrypoclllorite cnn ba purchased rt rrlrrrost nny grocery or t11.11g store. As these compou~lds deteriorate on erlJosu1.e to oir, ilrrr slro~~ld be ~~~rc l r a sed ill snrnll coutniners, which

a rrlroirlcl ~JU tiylrtly closed \rsl)erl r~ot ill use. ,111 si~clr products should be kcpt ia 11 cool, dnrk place. Tlre follorring i~bstr~rctio~rs slrould be ulilizecl i l l tlre ilisi~lfectio~r of pot~rlle-\vntrr sys le~~~u by the use of ch101-ine compounds :

n. Thorouglrly scrub the irrsitle surfvces of tile storage tnnks, nnd ll~~slr the tnr~lrs a~rd clistributiorl syste111 with 1)crtuble \rater.

b. I)eter.rr~ir~e tlre voluu~e of \r.arter lr'u.css;rry to f 11 tire tal~lis arid dis- I 11 t~.ibutio~r S ~ S ~ C I I I COIIII)~CIL']Y. The I I I I I O I I I I ~ of tlisinfccti~lg u g e ~ ~ t

PPUII& Poundr O#U.r# Orllorr I. ma 4.2 1.1 0. a I 0. 1 a. 8.8 8.2 1.2 t 1.0 6. da, ao. 0.0 8.0 1.0 . 6 3.8

LO. OIY) 41.1 18.0 h 0 10 4.0

W m m : A b e a ~ l n g trbleryoon boldr r p p r o r l m r t c l ~ W o u n n ; r m u r u h # cup. 8pproXl- matr ly 0 ounces.

\V~ICII chlorilre eo~~poencls or solutions otllar tllnll tlrose noted in the table nre used, tlre dosnge slloulrl be:

>: nmot~rrt i r r 70-~I;i-cerlt column.

X n~rro~rrlt ill b-percent colnmn,

c. Prepare tho clllorine solution ns follows : ( 1 ) Chlot.innted l i~ne . Plnce the proper amount of clllorine corn-

p o u ~ ~ d in a clatn, dry bucket. Add n snlnll nmount of water, and mix . to a thick pnste. Dilute tile pnste by ndding writer gradually and stirring constarrtly u~rtil n gnllon or two of solution is obtained. Warm water is better tlrnn cold for this purpose. Allow the solution , . .

to tlre bottom. Poi~r off the clear liquid (wlrich is tlre cl~lorine mlu-

1; I to staird for 30 arinutes so tllnt the unclissolved particles mny settle:. -

tion) aad, if nocessnry, filter it tl~r-ouglr rnirslin or cl~eeseclotlr. .

( 2 ) HigA-teat A~yoclr2prita. Place the proper nmou~lt in a bucket,

powder is dissolved. Disregird slight tul-bitlity, if any. I fill witlt wcttet. to within n few inches of the top, and stir until the

I. (3) Liquid sodium hypochlon'te. Tlrese solutions require no prepu- ;

rntio~t. il. Pour the clllorine solution illto the pot~lble-writer tanka. e. Inurleilaitely after i~rtroclucing the clrlorine solution, the tnnks

should be co~~lpletely l'illecl with potnble irtrte~b. SuRicie~~t miring usurllly will ba obtnirred by the swirling oction of the incoming water. .,

f. Open the t~rps nncl outlets on the tlistribution aystem nearest the storrrge tanks, u~ld nllon the w~iter to flow until chlorinated water -is detected. Aftor tho !rarr.est taps lrnve been opelrecl, tlre process slrould b corrtinired outrvnrd fro111 the tti~rks until all tul)s rind outlets Irava

. . . L 'I

I I that the pressare tn~rk is filled wit11 olllorinnted \\'ntcr. Since u certaill DISTILLATE

a ~ n o u ~ r t uf tlreclrlori~~ntcd wuter will llnveieell drs\vrr from the stolage tu~rks, tIr&y slroi~ld be ~rfilled to overflo\\.i~rg, nrrd clllol-ille solution OILER FEED RESERVE t~l~ould be uclcled, i f necessrrry, to obtain the 50-p.p.111. (loso in Llre tnnks. * e z F A p WATER '

AND OTHER .

6. After tliu s to~ngo tnrrks rr~rcl tlro piping syste~ir huvc bccn filled, WASTE NONPOTABCE TANKS

the chlorinlrted wnter el~or~lil bu nllowccl to stand irr the111 for nt least 4 hours before clischnrging the wuter. I n nlr enrergency, tho contact AIR GAP PROTECTION OF DIRECT D I A I I A T I DELIVERY

tiwe mny be shortened to 1 lrour by incrensi~rg tlru clos~rgc to 100 p.p.111. R~UI. I

Ir. After tlria corittict poricnl, tlre tnnka 111rc1 distribrrtio~r syste~n

For a plnnt whicll will produce writer for both nonpotrrble l ~ n d potuble wnter systems, the distillate sllould be supplied to the potnble water tn~rlr onti clistributio~r system via n pcrmnnent. connection. Dis- tillrrle supplied to lro~lpotnble systems slror~ld be via un uir gup (see fig. 5). A ~ w i a g co~r~lect.ion (reversible ell) betIveen the distillate dischnrge pipi~rg or cliutillnte t n n b a l ~ d the potnble water system is not nccel)table.

A copy of the ~ n u n u f u c t u ~ r ~ s oprrutiag instructions el~ould be posted lrcnr t l ~ e diztillntion plant.

(1) Bigh-pcmc-~*e rc.rrita. Atmospheric-pressure distilling plank, a r ~ d tltose operniiug rbor-e nimosphcric; pi.fisua, i ~ h i d i sup& +sble wnlerg slrould be provided with n lllerlns to wnste tlre distillate when I it is unfit for 11se.

(2) Low-preaa~tre ~ t t~ i t a . Lo\r-~)ressi~re or purtinl-vncuum distil- l

latio~r ~)lurrts, wlriclr ol~erste wit11 pressureu lower tllnn nt~xlovplierio in , the boiling clrnrnlers, slroulil b so designed tlrnt they \\.ill consistently I

pwtluce writer contninisg I Inore thn~r one-fourth groin (4.8 p.p.m.) 1 I of suliuity per gallon, from sea \rater. h plnrlt of this type ehould 1 be equippecl with a lo\v-~-~\~rge, electrical srrlinity indicator for deter- I nlining. the salinity of tlre distillnte nt n point beyorld the final con- I derlvltte cooler. A flow-divelsion vnl\?e should be provided to divert I I tire flow of muter from tlre potuble-11-nter system \vllen the snlinity of the distillate exceeds one-foilrtlr gruin per gr\llon (see fig. (1). This '

vnlve slrould openite i~lstarrtn~reo~~sly, nrrtl slroulcl be controlled by a .

s~rlirrity cell. The electric111 control for this vnlve sllould bq so or- rnnged Hrut the vnlve !rill opernte regardless of the positiod of the ' selecto~* switclr on tlre salinity-i~rdicrrtor p~r~rel, u~rd tlre Row of nnter slro~rlcl be cliverted from tlre potnble-\vnter syete~n \vllen the current is oll. I n edtlil ion, u r r nlrrl.~rr sl~or~ld be pro\-ided'to \Turn tlre operntor whet\ tire salinity of the co~rtlenscrle exceeds one-fourth grain per gnllorr.

When evicle~rce is llrckilrg of the clel)e~rtlability of ri low-pressure pln~rt to prodoce wuter of olre-fourtlr grallr s~ ; l i l r i l~ lrnder operuti~rg co~rtlilio~rs, or wlren fresh- or brnckislr-\vnter feed is used, one of tire t lb~~ItL~.; I I ; , IIIU.IC.III.I,. . I , , , ~ ~ I , ~ I ~ ~ I ; P I , . id

b;lrouIcl bu .drui~red n~rd hel l f l ~ ~ s l ~ e d with potnble ,voter u~rtil !Ire cl~lori~re t~rste is not objectioonble.

i. Fill tlre stornge tanks wit11 potable wrrter. 18. PURIFICATION OF WATER. Watcr \\hicll is to be purified on

, board for use ns potnble water nllry be stolvtl in tn~rks forrnctl by the slrell of the vessel, provicleil tllnt suclr tnnks nru free from uppnrent lenknge, Irnvo no no~~potnble pipirrg passing tlrrougll Iheni, unless a wrtter-tigilt, S U I E - ~ I - U ~ I I ~ I I ~ trr1111e1 is ~)rovid~tI lor srrch piping, a ~ r d ul-e neIcclrt~\tely protectecl ug~ii~rst botlr t l ~ b baclcflow 111rc1 tlre disclrnrge tlre~ato of bilgo c r l~igllly corltan~i~r~ited \\.liter.

m. I.",ii,Ii"i,~ fficjl;;~esl ... .,..a .. ,...,, ..I.,,, .I.,. id=!!, s!rcu!c! be euitub!r? tor the \vatel. to'be purified, nnd slror~ld be desig~red to itrsure efficient opera- tion nrrcl the ~)rocluction of n potnble wnter wbicll confonr~s to the Ylrblio Henltlr Service Drinhh~g 1Vater ,Ytandu~ckn. Overboard water wlriclr is to 1,u treated o ~ r vessels slror~ltl bu taken fro111 nreua ~elativcly free fro111 c o ~ r t ~ r ~ n i ~ ~ n t i o ~ r 1i11i1 polli~tio~r. 1 J y ~ ) u s s ~ ~ slror~ld not be ia- etnlled arouncl t r en t~~re~r t u~rits, except wlrero lrecesslrry n s pnrt of the , tlantme~rt process. A suficient srrpply of v i t ~ ~ l irnd frugile yurts of tlie t reut~nz~rt uppnru tus should be nvnil~~ble.

I River writer should be distilled before rise ns potnble wuter.

I ' I

I 1

1 I I

\Vater clrn\cn fronr n1-errs in tile G I - ~ I I ~ Lnkes, \ r l ~ i c l ~ nre ~olntively free fro~rr cont nminntio~r, if properly disio fccted will be acceptable ue l)ot~rlle wo ter.

'Clre \vntel.-slol*nge capacity ill co~r~~ectiorr wit11 u purificution system slror~ld bc ns reco~n~nendecl in section A, item 6.

\\'he11 overlonrd writer is tre~rted on bonrd, the dischurge of sewuge .

(in relnlion to the \rnter intnke) should be ns spmified in scctio~l (3. i te~u 8.

11. Diufiltatiott. -4 distilli~rg plu~rt wlrich srrpplirs ~vater to the ~)otublu-\vnIer syste~u slro~~ltl he of such tlesigu t lrnt it will produco 1)olrblc \vster coasiatently.

1'1.oviuio1r sllor~lcl be mtrde i ~ r tlre evu1,olaror to p~.ave~rt flooding rind to rnirrir~rize foa~rring or carryover of \vrrtcr iuto the tlistiller coacle~rser. 'l'lro S ~ V I I I I ~ coil or tubes in the evnporaring clru~rrber, nnd the cooli~rg t.c,ils i l l tire tlisliller collelelrscr n~rd t l r ~ vorrclerrsnte cooler, slrould be

13 . I . I . . . .. p .. . . I .

SALINITY C E L L 7 11: - DISTILLER

I SALINIII COLGSOLLNOlO VALVE ARRANGEMENT

VALVE

(a ) blailrtain r ten~perirtiirc of 185" I?. or Irigher for 7 seconds o r lrrore ill the boilillg chrrn~her, or

(b) Pro\.itle for Ireatirg the distillate to 16.5" F. or l ~ i g l ~ e r for 7 seco~~ds or urore, or

(c) Yru\*irle fncilities for rrdsqunte clisinfectiorr of l l ~ e distillute. I b. Chlotv'~rution. \Vlreu wt~ter is to be regirla~.l!. diui~rfcctecl lvith' a

i clrlori~re, tlrc clrlorinr! slror~lcl be rrpplied in rlre for111 of a Irypochlor-ite : s o l ~ ~ t i o ~ ~ , usi11g n co~~ln~ercirrl l~yl)oclrlori~rntor \vlric.lr lins bee11 clesijped

to produce the reqr~iretl c l~lo~. i~re resiclu~rls. It is rlesirrrble to 11pl)ly tlle clrlo~.i~~u il l direct yrol)ortio~l to t l ~ c i ~ ~ s t ~ r ~ r t ~ r ~ ~ e o v s flow-rnte of the \\-lrter beiug tre~rted. Tlrert! furc, 1\11 atrtouvrt ic., ~)roportio~raI-colrtrol ly~)or l r lor i~~ir tw d;o111cl be vsecl. It sllorrlcl be colr=~ nlcted or equipped so t1111t the flow of t l ~ c Irypoclrlorite sulrrtio~r 1111r.v be ohservccl. I ts caprrcity slrut~ld bo tleterrrri~retl o ~ r tlre bl~sis of the I I ~ I I ~ ~ I I I I I I I ~ rille of llo\c of \VII ter ~ r ~ i c l the t reirt ~rlc~rt r.equirctl lo ~)ro~lur.c 11 a~t iuf~rctor j clrluril~u rcaiclu~ll rot less tlrali 0.9 p.l).lrr ( i f free clrlorir~e aftor 20

0 itti1111cc.s clrlrr~tiurr or. 9.0 I).~).IIL of c l ~ l o t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ e itfrc~. :j l~ottlv tleter~tior~).

I

-1 ~i1111pli11g W v I i s l ~ o ~ ~ h l l)ruvi~le~l i l l 1111 ~ ~ ~ ) ~ , ~ ~ u ~ , ~ i ~ ~ t e l ) l~~co ill tlre \ . r . . r ....,.. I.: .... r . . . r . . . . . . . . . I . . r I . 8 . t t . 1 n * a m

operutiag eficiency of the feeder. A co~rl~llrrcinl testing kit for deter- ' nrining the cldorine resicluul sJrould be obtai~~ecl\~-itlr tlie hypoclilorina- tor. Waste dluinage from tlle clllorinntor should discharge to the - -

druinrrge systea~ tlrrorrgll nn nirgnp. i ' " -

' Wlien \vlite~\ is trelrte(1 regulnrly by cl~lorinutiou, 1)rovisioe should be ~~raclu for 11 b11l1ud lloltIirrg tn~rlr of sullicient cnpacitp to provide n auitnble c o ~ ~ t n c t period for tile clllorirle snd \vnter (see fig. 7). This period of co~rtlrct ~llorrld be provieled before nny \\*nter is delivered to tIie,next successive trerltme~lt unit or to tlre clistritiution system, and should be coriputed on tlre bnsis of nllrsi~rium rnte of flow t l ~ r o i ~ g l ~ theco~itact tn~rk.

Wlrs~i rr uormul dosi~ge of cltlorirre is al)pIietl, the contnct period rrllor~ltl be 11 t lellst 20 ~ i r i ~ r ~ ~ t e s , with n resultru~t f ~ o e clllorine residulrl of 0.2 y.p.ln. When superclrlorination is practiced a contact time of 6 ~ o i ~ ~ u t e s with 3 p.p.111. of free clrlorirre residurtl is reqoir-ed.

Sr~~)ercl~lorirratccl water nrust be declrlori~~r~ted to renlove excess chlorir~e r a d re~iclel. the \vrrter pnlatnble. Declllori~rntio~~ lnny be nc- corrrplisl~etl either by introclucirig tlre proper r;rilouat of reduciiiy uye~rts sr~clr 11s socliu~u tlriosulfnte, sotliuo~ sultite, or sodit~nl bisulfite, ur by prtssirrg tlte rrett!r tl~rouglr g1.11nu lrlr ~rcti vnted cnrhon. The latter 111etliw1 is usu~illy 1)1.11cticecI olr slriphnrtl Ly \rater c o ~ ~ t ~ i c t wit11 a bed of C I I I - ~ O I I i l l a pressure-filter type utrit. All such cleclrlorinnto~s trlrolrlil bu equil)l)eil wit11 n st CIIIU coturcct iolr at .the bottour, because neglocled units inrry becorrle incubntors of after-bjronrth bacterin. All carbon particles slroulcl Iw herrted to nt Ierlst 1115O F. drrily for,sntia- flrctory co~ltrol. Declrlori~~ntion nlrry ~rccomplished terminnlly by nn clemerrt type filter (if ncceptnbly co!;$tructed) \ r i t l ~ o ~ d sten]; ron- nections. ' ~ e c h l o r i n a t i n ~ units s l ~ ~ u l c l tie designed on the basis of 1 grrllon per lninute pee squnl-e foot of stirfnce nren for encll 10 incl~es of depth. \Virile rlrtes i l l excess of this I I ~ I I Y be lrr~ndlecl ia new filtels,

VENT i

IAFFICO HOtOlNG TANK f d5

! !!!!: : t : ; : j ! i . t " l ; i ; . i : : ~ i : { . : ~ .lii i i 1 1 , . . . ! ; . . . : : . : . , . i I ! I l t i 1 li i!l ill 1 ; i ' j ' / ' ! l . : 'I'II ~ ! i i j i l ~ l l i i i ~ l i l ~ l i l l l i l , i i l l l ; ~ i , i l i i i i l i i ! 1 ~ 1 1 1 i . , . i l!! 1 . : 1: : iill:iiiii;!:ijl:! I ' l i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ; l l l ~ I ~ ~ ~ i l ! i ~ l i ~ l l ~ l \ \ i ~ " " ~ ~ ~ ~ , - L ~ ~ ~ Ljiiiilj! i i I l l . : , , . , . ,, ,... .. . l ; , : . I l i i .:i l;!li i i : l : l : I i I I , I I . . I ij I,

tlre ability of c ~ r r h n to retrrovo clrlari~re clecre~rses \vitll the pussnge of tinre.

If tleclrlori~l~itioti is ellective Iefore the \cater etrters tlre distributioa . nystenr, it is still desircttle to ~ttnintain a cltlori~re I-esiduel it1 the dis-

tribution system. Tlrb m11y h accottll~lislred by I?ypassing a sttrull I I I I I ~ U I I ~ of t l ~ e . s ~ ~ ~ r - c l ~ l o r i ~ t ~ ~ t e ~ l ~v~rter ~trorrtrtl tlru tlwl~loritr~ttit~g urtits.

c. Uft~~irviulet . Ultl.llviolet liglrt is at\ awc.ul)t~~blu disitt fwtua t for wuter tritl~itr certuin limitations.

Ultr~tviolut is not acceljt~tble 11s tltu sole t rcat~~~utt t of river \\;uter, or \~ctter with a high org~rnic content. Turbidity R I I ~ cert1~i11 C O I O I ~ 11lso ham 1111 i~rterferingullect.

Xo I ~ y ~ ~ t s s nrortt~d tlru r~ltr.aviolet clisi~rfuctiorl rrlrit will h ~wl-111itted. 'I'l~e rlltra\.iolet uait sl~ol~ltl ~,rotlrrce liglrt wi t l r 11 ~)culi inlerlsity of

2,537 -111gst roll1 units. 1lulLs slrorrld LH! j~rclictetl i l l q~rartz or vycor yo t l ~ c t L t i tet~tpe~alttru tterlr Jt)B0 1'. is trrrri~rl~rir~ctl i r t t lru bulb ivall. Pro- visiorr 11i11st be ~nl~cle for frequent cleutriag of the esterr~nl surf~ice of tlre bulb j~rckets. T l ~ e illlit trlust $6 designetl to pt-ovicle nn energy dusa of tit J ~ t i ~ t i1,OOO ~ i ~ i ~ ~ ~ w i t t t - ~ e c o ~ t l ~ pcr qua re ce~rtiltreter uL all points throughout the wuter chamber.

'I'lre fullo~vit~g cor~trolu I I IW t l ~ u rrtitritrlurrt Irecessary to ~tclrieve proper ~ ~ J L ' ~ I I I ~ U I I O F 1111 11Itr11~~i~lc1 d is i~~fc~t i t tg r l t r i t :

(1 ) -111 au to~~~at io Iluw corrtrol vrllve otr the line to or from the unit tv restrict tho fIo\v t11rotrglr tlre i l l l i t under 1\11 operuting con-

! clit ions to ao tno1.e tltnn its nrtecl cnpncity. (2) An nccurutely c~tlibr~lted nnd 1)rope.rly filtered illtensity meter

to conti~ruously nlerlsuro tlre ultraviolet irnrdiat ion renclling .the

i f~rrtl~est ljoitrt i t t tlte unit f w n 111e LuIL or bulbs. (4) -1 volt~~reter to i~~clicrrto line voltilgu ot the unit. (4) An electricnl circuitry coupling tlre ultmviolet intensity meter i 10 It ~ ~ U I I divewiotr YIIIY. U I I ~ 1111101) ~111tt01r switcll. Wl~en t la ultra-

I violet itrte~rsity clmps lalow t1111t t~ecess~rry to nclrieve tlre minimum

I 11,000 rnicro~rntt--tieoncls per squnre cetrti~neter for disinfection, tlre I ciiauitt.y slrottltl crtuse the utrit to 11uto111111icrrllj divert flow from tho I potal~lu \\*a ter systerl~ feed l i ~ l u tl~t.o~tglr 1111 air-g~rp.

! (5) X i-~ni~;i~ttr flow tlelrly should Ln, rlrsigned into tlre circuitry to

! rtllolr cutrt~)lete irnrllr t11) of the LuIbs Lrfol-e \\.~~ttlr is delivered to the 1 potuble \vllter systenr \\*Iltl~l tlre clisi~lfe~'ti~~,v 1111it is ft-st ~rctu~rted or f follotvi~r~ aey rutonintic: iulernrptiotr.

(6) An c~urlible nlnrnl lo \v111'11 of nny ~~trrl~tt~rctio~r causing shltt.do\~tl of tlre u ~ ~ i t .

( 5 ) I'roriniotr s11o111tl IN! I I I I I I ~ ~ For ~ l ~ . i \ i ~ r i ~ ~ ~ 1 I l 0 1111it I\-lletr it is

(8) Sittce tlrere is no disinfecting tusiduel from ultraviolet, pro- vision slrar~lcl b nl~rcle for the ndclitiutr of chloritre to the water diatribrrtiott systetr~ on n rolltine basis.

(Dl hkxitllunr \\.ater depth frotn the tlrlb surhlce tlrroltglr tlre water - . - slruuld not escecd 3 i~rclres.

d: Filtration. Filtrntion slloulcl be used o~rly when it is n neceeeary pnrt of 11 purification systetn \vhich includes n bnctericidnl treatment. Filtrutiotr of potuble I~nter, tlrrouglr cllnrconl, pctivnted cnrbon, or . other types of filter, is consiclered unnecessnry escept.for dechlorination purl)oses. F~ritcet utrd other types of ten~~innl filters often collect and uccelernte the growth of bncterin, nncl the stor~lge nnd manual insertion . of rel)lt~certble filter eletllelrts nrny be n nreclns of introcli~cingcontanrinn- ' tiotr. Ileceuse of tlrese potcnt in1 Irealtll Ilnznrds, tlre use of terminal filters is cliscourttged tttlless some tirerlns is provided for disinfecting tlre Altering nrediil trfter insertion t111d perioclicnlly thereafter. I f re- plnce~rble filter cartriclges nre utilized, provision niust be rnnde for clenning ntlcl clisinfectitlg tlrrlt 1)ottiotl of tlie clistribittion systetn sub- jected to ~nnnilal cotrtnminntion.

Water thut is lorrdcrl fro111 npproved sources through cloan, separate hoses nntl into properly constructed n~rd ~nairrtained storuge tanks ellould not rcquire filtlation. I f filtrr~tion is uecessnry, it sllould be acconrplislred with npprot-eel types of pressure filters after adequate ptwtt-c~rtrne~rt. \Vltere tlte plrsstu-e type filter is used, tlre filter- ing medin sllould consist of nt lenst 24 inches of suitnbly sized hard filter sknd, or other suitnble filtering mnterinl, supported eitjrer on a poroue stone filter bottom or oa n 12-inch bed of grnrel. Them alloul$ be B / :, , free bonrd space above the snnd of not less thnn 24 inches.

'

! . Tlle optillturn rate of flow through annd or qunrtn should not exceed I '

2 gtrllo~rs per minute per squnre foot of filter bed nren. A method for i ;

nutomaticnlly controlling the rnte of f lo\~ should be provided, such '

ns 1t putnl), tlte nlnxinrutn disclrarge of \vllich is not grenter thhn the I rntecl cnpncily of tlte filter.

Bnckmsl~isg. with n-nter of a qunlity at lenst equnl to thnt of the j . filtrltte slro~~lcl be ncco~nplisllecl nt n rnte of n t lenst 16 gnllons per min- I

ute per squnre foot of filter bed nren for n period of at lenst 10 minutes. f Tlrtl filter slroulcl be equipped with n loss-of-Iread gtiuge, to itldicnto tlre need for bnclcwnslring the filter meclin.

The vnlve nast or multiple port vnlve con(ro1ling tlte operntion of tlre filtel~sllo~rlrl be desig~ietl so tltnk Ilre filter crr~rnot be bypnssed t~nless the writer is preclllorinatecl nnd filtrrltion is not, in fact, n necessnry part of the purificrltiotl process.

Section 8. WASH-WATER SYSTEM

1. GENERAL. A single wuhr systenr, supplying potable water for drillking, cooking, dislr\vnsl~iirg, nblutioririry, Irospitul, n~rd luu~tderiag purposes, sliould be installed tvl~en yructicuLle. IIowever, when a \vnsli-\vntet. system is installed ill iidditon to u potuble-water systern, wash \vatel: rnuy be piped to slop sinks, lavntorieu, laundry facilities, buttitutm, slioicurs, writer closets, Irose coni~eitotis usetl for dcck wasb- i i ~ g piirl~oseu, cirrtl otlrer sl~ecial uscu, 11s iirdicutetl i r r i l e ~ ~ i 3, l~Ao\v. All wnsli \vnier f~iucetv slroiil(1 l ~ e clearly urirl ~)c~.ruurrerrtly labeled, UNPVC YO11 DI t lNI I INU.

Orent Lrikes \vriter is take11 fi.0111 arccis uiiciffectetl by slrore or vessel r:ontat~rinrttio~i, is gelrerally sritisfnctory to use 11s tvnsh water without prior troatnrent. Wlieii wntcr for wasliing p i ~ r p ~ ~ ~ is to be taken frorrr rivers, equiprrierit slcorrlil be instnlled to provide fdtrtion and diui~rfuctio~r prior lu use. \Vlielr wrislr lvnter is to be taken fro~ir nc- cc;l;table v!!ar& POIIL.I:~Y, storeye ttirrlcs Itley Lu lilletl tlrt~ouglr tlru poluble wuter. filliirg syshtn providutl ttir uir g~rp is iilutallecl i r r tlio fillirrg lLie

, to the ~viisll wuter systear. I; 2. STORAGE TANKS. ~rns l~ -wa te r - s~nrgu tnriks slrol~ld be so con-

dructed as to ~irini~trizc tlio possibility of the writer tlrurein becoming colrtiitni~ruted. Double-bottotii, fora'nri uft pe~lli, wirlg, ulld topside tuaks and tuiILs with airlea cormiiorr lu otl~er roayotnble-~valar t u h , are sntisfoclory, provided tlrrit no druinliires pnss tlirouglr tlrenr (unless I provided with ncceptrible, sslf-druiniirg tunlal), that t h q have cov- ered mrurlroles, rrncl thirt nll sounding tubes nre cnppd or plugged. \Vl~en R dwk forms tlre top of a mnslr-~vnter tnnk, rrll opening should be curbed uncl covered. Tho tnnlrs slrould be uclequately prdected

" uguinst the bl~cliflo\\r or diwlrrirgo thereto of bilge or corrtnniinated water.

3. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Tlre distribiitio~r li~leu, inclucbng the siictiorr liirev of n \virslr-\rater piu~rp, slroulJ not be connectal clirwtly to the fire, bilgo or; any otlrer coritnminnted wiiter systeti~

Tlte sirctiort line to n \ca3li-water l)iirrip sl~ould be so locnted ns to

Wash water rney be piped into the hospitul or other medical-tmt- tnent space tor use in hydrotherupy, ond for any other purposea except ; handwashing, medical cure, nnd d r h k i ~ ~ g .

Wash svuter sllo~rld ~ ~ o t be piped into the gnlley, pantry, or eculle~-y,. ercopt to a foal \rnslu-grinder eductor line where the delivery

; . . line is protected ngninst bnckfloa. . . . ,

4. PURIHCATION OF WASH WATER. If river water is to be Bltered I: before use for wnslritig purposes the filtrlition should be accomplished :! with properly designed pressure filters. Tlie filtering media ahodd. 'i consist of at lerrst 24 inches of Irnrd properly grnded filter snnd, or other suitable filtering ~nnteriul, supported eitlrer on a porous stone filter h t ton1 or oil u 12 inch Led of g~lrvel. Tliere slr6uld be a free- board spwe r~bove the sund of not less tlinn 24 inches.

Tlio optinium rute of flow tlirougli the rnedia slrould not exceed 9 '

gallons per minute per square foot of filter bocl area. Some method . for nutoliiuticully controlling the rote of flow slrould be provided. a , Coirtrol rrrrry be uclrierecl wit11 n piitrip, tlre maximum: disclrnrge of

I

wlricli is irot greuter t l i c i ~ ~ tlre rrrted cri~~ricity of tlro filter, Suclr\:.asliir~g \.vir!l \!-li!er of n qi~rrlity at lerrst equnl to that of the RI-

trrrte slrould be rrccomplislrecl at n r~rte of rrt least 16 gallons per minute per sqlrwe foot of fillel- bed area for n period uf at Ieast 10 minutea . 1 The fi her slioulc! be eqrripl)ed with n loss-of-l~encl gnuge, to indicnte tlre need for buckwrrslritrg tlre filter media. i

The valve nest or mirltiple port vulve corltrolling the oyerntiorr of hl~e filter slrorrld be designed so that the filter cnnnot be bypassed unlese

1%. the water is chlorinnted nnd filtration is not, in fnct;a necessnly part 1, of the purificntion process.

'L

1

pl.avent its sirbtnergeece in bilge 11.11 tor. Wuulr-\\.nter lines sho~rld be ~)rotectetl ugainst backflow, in u matrrler

siinilnr to tlint I-equired for llotuble wrtter 11s specified in sectiorr GI iiL!ll1 li.

I ~I-OIII falling t l~rough the holes u ~ t d senals. I\Iren perforuted slrcuts rtw used i ~ r tl~r, decklle~rd under a fibrius t jpe of sound-lrbsorbing or irlsulnting rr~uteriul, 11 close-rrreulr, ~ r o ~ ~ c o ~ ~ ~ b u s t i l ~ l e f ~ ~ b r i c sl~ould be in- terposed between tlre Hbrons muterial nnd the perforated slreut to pre-

' v t ~ t particles of the fibrous rn~hterial fro111 til~uring tlrrough. Tlre no~lconrbustible fubric lnriy be ritlucl~ecl eitlter to tlre irrsula~~t-iibsorle~,t o r to tlre upper fnce of llrr prrfora t etl slreet. Or Ircr nrr~l~rger~re~rts I I I ~ I ~

I b ~ r e e p t d u p o ~ ~ n p y l i e ~ ~ t i o ~ r . 3. PIPING IN DECKHEADS. P i p s iu ur~sl~eatl~ed deckheuds over

~ p u w s \\:Irere food is sto~.rtl or preptrretl, or wllcrr r~terrsils lire \vyslletl, or over ~)orliolls of sl~accs fro111 ivlriclr foot1 i; regulnrly dispc~rsctl,

1 should be insr~lrled if co~~tlr~rsntion is likely to foru~ ~ I I ll~cur. Ths passugu of dr*ai~l~rge lilres ill the i leckl~e~~t l j of food sl)rtccud~ould

le avoidecl where possible. l Ir l~ere iuravoicl~~l~lr, they sl~ould Lo con- atructcd n3 specified ill eect io~~ G, iterrr 8.

4. DRAINAGE OF SPACES. Deck druirrs slrould be provided in all ~pncos wlrere tlecks rrro s~~bjectccl to tloodi~rg type c l e ~ ~ ~ r i r ~ g or wlrew norrr~el~ operntio~~s rclense or tlisclrnrge rvaler or otl~er. licluitl \vastes u r the deck. Dr~iinage glitters luay Lc used, provitlrtl tlr~rt t l~uy nre ao locrrted as to he e a s i l ~ sccesuible for c l ea r~ i~~g . I f cowel. ~~lr!!es aru i~letnlled over the gutterivay, they slroulil be ensily rernov~rble, nrrcl ellould l a mude of Ircavy, flut, erpn~rcled lrletnl o r perfo~.~\tcd pl11te. Declc dr~iins slrould h locrrletl in the lo\\- poir~ts in 11 space. I)r~rir~ locatio~r tlesig~r s l~ol~l t l co~rsitlur shenr 1111tl cllrr~l~er ~ r ~ ~ t l p e r ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ r e r r t t rill1 a ~ r d list. Deck d r n i ~ ~ covers s110~11cI I~tive no o p e ~ ~ i ~ ~ g greutcr tlrnrr one- half inch (nee fig. 17).

Drains from refrigornted spnzes slrould 1 ) ~ protected ngnir~st buck- flow, us indicnted in section G, iten1 11.

5. INSECT SCREENS. An effective means should be provided for the exclusion of insects from spnces in wlricl~ footl is stored, prepnred, or mrvetl. Scree~~ing, \vlricl~ is con~~r~on lg usetl for this purpose, sl~ould be riot less tlran 18-~aesl~, preferably of corrosion rcsistnr~t rrraterinl. Door screens slrould be self-closi~~g. Skylights \\*lriclr nre located nbove food splices, 111rcl wlliclr crrlr be ol)r~~rcl, slror~ltl be ecluipped iVitlr i ~ r m t screens wlrich rlre er~sily rerno\-al)le for cleaniog. All screens rrhoulcl be tight-fitting.

Forced-drnft-ventilntion opc~rings illto food spnces do rot require illsect s c r e e ~ r i ~ ~ g if insects nre otl~erwise ercl~rtlttl. Tight-filtir~g, self- clwilrg louren -should be inslrrllecl in t Ire out lrrs of fvrt:cd-drnf t-er- haust openi~rgs.

6. TOILET AND LAVATORY FACILlTlES. ~ t l e ~ u d t e toilet fllcilitic?s should be lorrted convenient to food prepnrrt ion spaces. Toilet roonls should be adrquntely ventilnteil. Toilet room doors opening dircctly

~ ' 3 into food prepnratiorr or servirlg nrees sl~oud be self-closing rrntl tight - . . ... . . - . . . . . . . .

the toilet f a c i l i t i and include hot and cold running trnter, potnl~le o r , 1 I w u h water, single service paper o r cloth towel dispenser, o r eleotrio ;

hot-air drying mnolrinw, a suit. ble soap, detergent, o r otlmr acceptable ; , cleansing a p n t , nnd n permnnent s i p in the toilst spnce cautioning '

etnployces to \vosli lrnnds. I ! 1 Han!wasl~ing facilities should also be provided in t11e food p r e p a n - ! t'io~l arena listed belo\v f o i use b~ the pelsonnel working in thcae arena

I 'lo keep (Iteir 11a1lcLY c l r n during their activitisaj Them fedlitiea . , as

~I~odld' includa (Ire u b v i upiurtenancaa except onIy hot and cold pot- I uble weter slrould be used, and a permanent uign rending, waeu naNw i OE~-EX, slr0111d LH loc~ited over the Invatory. Tlriy wording should be I used, also, wltere a conrnlon Iavntory serves both the toilet facility and the food prepuration spncr. I iand\rnsl~ing frtcilitiw should be pro- vided uu follows :

8. Colltrul conr~nissnry (wvernl lt~vrtories may be needed when die- '

stuncc, purtitions, or otlrer obstacles ~riight impede convenient use of tlre fncilitics).

b. !~r(~ivblunl i;nlleys, rullerirr , bnkcn a h o w butcher ahopr, y!!!l ytb.e~lille prepnrnt~on rooms.

& . .

Slop s i~ r ! i~ iiiiil wuliel-y s in l~s tiro not sntisfnctory ne hnndwaahing , facilities.

7. WATER SUPPLY. Only potable \rater should be piped into spaces wl~ere footl is stored, prepnred, o r served, except for food waste- grinder ednctor lines as noted in section E, item 10. Tlre potable water systenr slrorrld lu protected against backflow, us reconlnlended in sectior, (3, i tern tl. 1 !

8. LIGHTING. All working surfnces in spucea whe& food o r drink is prepared, or wlrere utensils are clenned, sllould be p r o v i d e with illun~i~rntiorr of not less tllnn 20 foot-crmdles. This standard of lighb' 1' ing does not apply to the dining arens. Storage rooms should be a

lighted suf ic ie~~t ly to promote cleanliaess and to fucilitate sanitary o l )e r~~ t ions (10 foot-candles alinimurn) . 1.;: *!! 8 -

9. VENTILATION. All spaces in which food is prepared o r &red . ~ i n d lrtensils washed, nnd nll toilet spnces should tre ventilated sufficient- ly to be reilsonnbly free of disagreenble odors nnd condensation. Natu- !

I rul . \~enti l~~tion al~ould be n~pple~nented by mechnnic~l ventilating s y s t c ~ ~ u , us ~~rccled. Louvers, filte~s, or registers a t ventilation ter-

I ~rri~rnls in food repur urn ti on nrees should be reudily removable, without

,

tools, fot.cle~rui~~g. Wing 1111ts o r sanl)-o~r devices are recommended for I 1 ' . this purpose.

Ver~tilnt.ion lroods in food spnces sllnll be designed to prevent grease or contlenst~lu f ronl tlripping into food o r onto food preparation Bur- f u c ~ ? ~ . R ~ c l r s for the stosrtlgo of cooking vessels s l i o ~ ~ l d not be placed . . .... I .... . I .. . 1:1 I ! . I. . 1 . ? A

corupnrt~ue~rt a t 170° F. or Iiigl~er drrring dislnvnslring operntion.' This rlrrry be ~~cco~rrl)lisl~etl \\.it11 orle of I he fol lo\ving deviceo:

(11) ..\ slerrrn or eleclricirll!. Irentetl j~rcket uncler or nroil~id tlrc Colll]~lL rr lllell t.

(1) S~cirnr coils i v i ~ l r i r r the comprrl nrerit pr-o\*idecl tlrnt t 110 unii. i s .~.rr~rov;rl)ln or ru~trr ivc lo 11 vertical ~)osirior~ for rorrtiae clenning.

(c) .$ ~.~rrro\.rrWc, i~,lrnersio~r-l>.pc, electric~il unit in llle cam- ~"lrllllclrt.

( d ) Orre o r 1rrol.e sterrlrr i~rjector-s rrt the bottonl of tlie coa~prr&ment, irrs111IIet1 irr srrclr 11 i11;~trcr 11s to elfect llroro\rgli nlisi~rg of steam and r I ~ I I . I3oilrr sre;rllr is ~ I I I isfactory for !~se in this connection. Sleirnr irrjcclors sllr~ll be self-tlrnirring.

(0) A steau~ or electric recirc~rlnt ion unit attached directly to the I~rcl ericitlal 1 1.e11l rr)errt co~iil)art~)reut.

\\'l~err 1104 tvaler is r~:ccl ns Ore I j~~~ler~ic idnl ngent, the trentlnent col~rl)i~rI~rler~t. s l ~ o ~ ~ l t l Iro 11r.ovitlec1 \vi~lr 11 lI~e~.r~ro~nelcr wlricli is ncourrte to i v i l l ~ i ~ r So V., I I I I ~ 011 \\.lric11 ~ l re srrrrle c1ivisions.nl.e not Inow tlrrri 2" I;. '1'11~ Ilrcnrro~r~clcr slroald Ile of lllc dial type, wit11 the din1 I I I I I I C ~ I ~ ~ ~ lo 111c sl,l~rsl~ ~jl~rte of r 11e s i lk or to (Ire adjoining balkl~end.

I I f r~coess~rri Lor c ~ l t : r r ~ r i r ~ u I)rrrsl)oschs, I I I U (11~1~1111il-irn1neroIo11 u n i ~ I I sllorrl(l be ~.c~r~ovrrlle f roll1 I Irc sink.

( 2 ) lly ilr~~rrcr.sio~~ ol' r lrc rrtt~~rsil c j r * c~tlrtil)r~w~~l fur nt lcnst 1 I I I ~ I I I I I C

i ~ r I I I I ~ C \ ~ I I I . I I I (rrot. Ivhs l l l i r r r ito I:.) cl~lorirrc I~ritIr C O I ~ ~ A ~ I I ~ I I ~ nt lcnst 30 11i11'ls per' rrrilliorr of i l \ . l l i l l l l~~L! C ' I I I O I - ~ I I ~ ) if I~~~)ocIrlori tcs n1.u 11m1, , OI. it c.orrcc~rl~.i~tio~r of ecl~rrrl I~crclericiclirl strc~rgllr if c l r l o r ~ r ~ ~ ~ i ~ i e s nl r ructl. llritll Illis ~rretl~otl of 1)nctericidnl r r~cnl~ncnt, three r ~ l l s sl1oulc1 LhC ~)roviclc~I-o~~e v~r t for \vnsI~i~rg, llrc seco~~cl for rillsing, nnd tlre .

Ilri1.11 fur clrlori~rr. 1.

(3). Equil~nent so desig~recl or: i~rstnlletl ns to ~rrirke lrri~ilersion inr- plactiurl n ~ r y be give11 I)nctericidnl t res ln~er~t : (8) 1Titlr lire @team frorrr a Ilosc, wlren the slerlnl caarr I)e confined in the equipment; (b) by 11 I~oil ir~g tlvnler rirrse; or (c) by spr i~ j ing o r s\\-nbbing uitll a mlu- t ion of i ~ t lerrst 100 p ~ r t s per ~rlillio~l chloriue. .-

i (4 ) Ally ot her nrcl lrod delenai~ird 118 Ire Surgeon Gencml,' upon

nl)l)licrrtiorr of 1\11 o\vrrer. or* operntor of u co~l\-qnace, to h effective " in 1110 bi~cte~~ic.idiil ~ I ' C I I ~ I I I ~ I I ~ of ~ ~ l e ~ r s i l s rbrrd eqr~iprnent.

Dislr~vuslri~r): ~nnclri~res, i f r~sccl, slro\lltl be clesigned, installed?. olwrirIcd, I I I I ~ I I I I ~ ~ I I I I I ~ I I C ~ SO t1111t [Ire r i le~~sils ~ t r c ~-ende~.ed free of visiblo soil, ~vrrsl~ u-11 tcr nnd detergerr t, lenving then1 clenn, rensonab1y ( l r~ ' , 1111tl free of oric11.u-orgirrrisrrrs ivlriclr p l o s e ~ ~ l a poter~tiul lrenltlr i ,\cccl)lrrljlc tlisl~\~ir~lrirry ~~rirclri~res r re lisled ill Ilro "1,ist of .\t.cel~trrblc Etluil)r~rerr~ for I~r~erstirle Cnrricr I.'se."

Sc~.irl) l) i)r~ flrcililics al~or~ltl I>e ~)~.ovitlctl for rv~r~oving food particles f i I),n,.inr,;,brr f , r r . i l i r i ~ . : i f ntn.rr\-iclorl \ \ - i l l m t r i n r l n i n ~ 11,-

4

10. DISPOSAL OF REFUSE. Dfennu slrould be provide11 for the snni- tr11.y storrrge rr~ltl dispossl of refuse.' If grrrbuge crr~rs ure used, v tlcjiy- nrrted space, or areii slroulcl be provided for \vuslriug gnrbrrt~e cruru u~rd . 9 slrorrld irrclude steurri or lrot \\-titer rulder I)ressure, 11 lrose ec~u~pl)et\ wit11 ~idjust~ible spmy nozzle, nrrd u scrub bruslr.

1 f potcrble water or \viisI~ 11-11 tor is utilized UCI:CI)~ 11bl0 b~~ckfloiv [)re- vurrturu, ~l~ountclcl nt leust 4 i~rzl~eu ubovu tlru llood luvel of wry cull that ~trriy be tvaslrecl in tlre space slror~ld bc l)~.ovidetl. 'Tlrc lrosc nozxle slror~ltl not be adjustable to n co~upletely closed positiur~.

Only potnble \vnter slroirlcl be intruducecl into tlre I~opprr, or tho '

grirlcler bocly of food tv~rste-yrirrders or clisyosril units locrited irr scullerieu or nny otlre~. food service nren. 0verbonr.d tvnter or wnsli wirter eductors nlay be utilizctl in tlre I ror iz~r~t~i l ilisclr~rrge lirro fro111 srrclr gri~\clers 01' disl)os~tl ~r~;its. Ove;.board or wuslr ivrter supljlieu rrruy bu usecl i ~ r food ivrrste-grirrt1rl.y wlricl~ rlre i~rstrrlletl i r r arcuu otlrer

! I ~ I I I I I I food spirces. :\crcptrible vacu~~rrr bre~rliers or ~ r i r ~ I I I I Y s110i11~1 b~ I

irrstnllccl UI tlre s ~ ~ p p l y lirres to food tvastu-gri~rtle~u or cclrrclors llrrt nre lluslred with potr~ble tvnter or rdr~ctors ulilizirrg \r-asll-\rater. All gru1111(1 looil \t.nstr slrlill bc discllrr rgccl to l l r u su\vagu trc~rtrrrc~rL irrril.

11. EQUIPMENT, Utn!!sIls irni! equ!pr::c?:rt dro11Ii1 bo so dt:sig~i~(i, 1 Lliricnred,ascl inrlnllrd ns tu be free of siinit~rry tlcfe~ts tvlricJr ~)rcse~rI I 11 l~e~rltlr I ~ i ~ z ~ ~ r t l (refer to scctiorr F).

12. WASHING AND BACTERICIDAL-TREATMENT FACILITIES. 'I'heru are sevel-111 ncceptnble ~~retlrotls of \vrsl~i~rg u~rtl brctericitlrl-trerilr~rerrt

I of enting nnd clrinki~~g utensils. Tlre f ~ l l o \ ~ i r r g discussion of these nretlrocls will provide si~llicierrt in fol.nrntion for the tlesigr and constrrrc-

I ncceptnble facilities.

I tion%& ,I t c.or~rl)irrt~rrerrt si~rl; slr;rll be ~)roviclctl tvlrcr~cvcr \virslrirrg 1111tl

s i~~rit iz~rtio~r of c.qr~il)rrrc~rt or r ~ t ~ ~ ~ s i l s rrrc cor~ductctl ar~rrr~rirlly. Sirrlis ~isetl fop I I I I I I I I I I I ~ I V ~ I S I I ~ I I ~ 111lil sirrritizirrg ~1)crirtiorrs S I I I I I I bc of I I ~ C -

c111rrto le~rgtl~, tvicltlr, irrrd tlel)tlr to l ler~r~it tllc co~l~plelc i~l r~r~e~.s io~r o i . tlrc eqrril)~lre~rt nut1 ute~~sils, nncl c~rclr c o ~ r i ~ ~ a ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ t of s~rclr sirrlc s1111ll be supplied \\-it11 hot nncl colcl runni~rg wnlcr. Dish bnskets shull be provided nnd slr~ill be of srrch clesig~i 11s to perrrrit coroplete irrrr~~crsion of llre utensils a~rcl eqrri~trre~rt corrr~)onerrls ljeing s~urit ized. d f t c r uterr- silv Ira\,e 1)eerr ~vrrslretl, rr~rd ri~rsed tlrey slror~ltl be subjectcul to lbucteri- cilll~l trestmerrt by orle of the follotvi~rg t~~e~lroi ls :

(1 ) By irr~arersior~ of the rrterrsil or cclr~ip~rrc~rt for rrt Icirsl oi~e-lrrilt I I I ~ I I I I ~ ~ i ~ r . c l e ~ ~ ~ ~ \\.atel. I I ~ II le~rrl)errrturc of a t Icird liOO F. '1'0 ovcr- corrrtr the loss of lrer\t fro111 \vater0 in tlre I)i~c.tc~~iciclirl ~~~c i r r rn r~r t co~rr- ~)r i r t~aer~t n Ireati~rg Oevice slror~lil I)e i~rslalleil \vlriclr \ \- i l l be irltcgnrl tvitll the cornpr\r-tnrer~t 1111cl ~vlriclr, ~ j refcr .a l~l~ slror~ltl Ije therr~rostnt- icrrlly corrtrolletl. Tlris tlut-icc s l ro~~ld be ca~;rl)le of : ( d l ) \\'iOri~r 5

.. , r~ri~rr~tes r a i s i ~ ~ g I llc I rllrllernl 1rr.e of t lru t \ . i r lv~ . i r r llrc ~.olrrl)tr~.t r )~e~r l . -6 . .

\vesl~-tvater i l l a cler~rer c.o~iclitio~i; tlierel,~ e ~ r l i a ~ ~ ~ i o g tlru slfective- rress of tlra clislr\casl~i~~g ~rr~icl~i~re.

The eUectivclress of a spritj-type disli\\~itslring ~~rirclrinu is co~btingeat. up011 severill hrctoru. S o ~ ~ r e of lliese al-e ~ I I ~ I ~ I . C I I ~ ill tlreir design untl fnbl.icutio~r, wlrile otlterv clcpr~itl upo~r tlre proviuio~r of strtishrctory uppr~rlelralrt 'cquiplrie~rt ~ r~r t l proper ol,e~.~it ion ir~rd ~ n ~ ~ i ~ r l c ~ i u n c o . A1no11g t l ~ u f~rctors to Lt: co~~sitleretl 1tl.e rlre t e ~ ~ ~ l a ~ . i r t ~ ~ r c irrrtl vo l~~ lne uf tlie rpplied w~rulr i~lrtl ril~se wittel.s; the tjlbe 111rtI C O I I C ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ O I I of detergent used; 1110 clea~ili~lesv nrrd rnui~rtenalrce of tha a!acllilie (wlriclr; i l l trll-n, aru rel~rtccl to its tlu~.ability ~r~r t l elisa of c les t i i~~g) ; tire tlrlr~ttion of tv11s11 111rt1 13ilrse ~ ) e r i ~ ( I s j tlre s p ~ a y pa1tc1.11; i r ~ i c l llre ~rozale sizcs ii~rd ol)cluti~rg ~ ~ r c s s t ~ ~ . c s . -1 sirtisfaclory tliulr\vasl~i~ry mnrlri~re i11strlliilio11 1.ec111ircs:

( I ) I'rovisio~r for 111iii1111ti11i1rg the \ \~~rs I~- \ \~~ i t c r i ~ i ilre I ~ I J I C I ~ ~ I I ~ i l l

llio leirrl)eraliiru rliirg,rr! of 1-10" to lCiOO 1:. Si~rgle-la~rli convejor ~riirclri~res slr~tll be 1)rovitIctl ~ v i t l i \v~~sIr-\\-irt~r of I I ~ le~tst l(i0" F.

( 2 ) ~l'rovisio~r of 1111 ~itleqi~iite \r11ter S I I I ) I ) I J for I l l ( ! tlisl~\v~tslri~rg o~mriition, tvitl~ I\ tlel)el!tlaLlc ~)rcss~i~.e-~.eg~rlirt illl: rle\-icu (!low-co~rtrol or ]w.etwirrc-rutli~ci~r;: v1111.c) i f ruclr~i~.ctl, to I I I I I ~ I I ~ I ~ ~ I I 15 lo 25 1)0111rdu of llbm pressrlre orr tlrr tilral-~*i~rse li~re at the 111it(41i1re, 1t11d not lew .thir~r 10 pou~itlu persllual'c i~rc l i a t tlre 1.i11se IIUZZICS.

(3) Provisioo of ~ltlccli~~itu \vatc~.-lrc~~tiitg fi~cilities, \\- i l l1 tlcl)c~rcl- ~rblu tlrel.~~rost~rtic col~trol, lo rirtri~tt~ri~~ a t e~npr la t r~~ .e of 160" F. or ~ ~ r o r u i l r tlre lilrrrl f~.rsli-~vrter ri~rse li~re a t tlre c ~ r t r ~ ~ ~ r c e of llru rillst! ~~rirlrifold OII I I I B 111ii~l1i1re. (1) Provisiolr of lrlr ensily reaclirble ~l re l .~rro~~~eter for e~iclr t n ~ r l i

nlrd tlre firrrrl rinse-tvirler line. 131rcl1 ilre~-aror~reter slrould lm ~rccl~rr te to witlri~i 2 O Y.

(6) 1'1.ovisio1~ of sr~llicie~~t I ' N C I ~ Y ~ t ~ t t l clc~i~r-r~le~rsil-slor~rgu nre* to p e r ~ ~ r i t air clryi~rg ( u u i ~ ~ i l l ~ nl)~)r~t 45 sec.o~rcls 1wfo1-u re~rror~tl of r ~ t c ~ r s i l ~ froin rircks followilrg tv~~sl~ing.)

13. STOWAGE OF EQUIPMENT. P.rovision slrould bu mudo for the sto\virge of 1111 11telrsil3 ill 11 rlen~r, clry 1)lac.e libore llre tleck, for pl-o- teclion agrillst. co~rta~~ri~ration. I ~ c k e ~ s for sto\vrge of cleaning nleteriiilu 111rt1 eqi i i l~~r~e~r t s110111d be ~)roritlctl in or ntljnre~rl to tlre fwcl ~)rel~rrntiolr slbacc. I)r~i\veru slrot~lcl be rc~~rovltblc, eltsily clerli- able, ~rtrtl r r r ~ r t l i ~ of ~i~irtc~.ials tvl~icli rre i~~~l ,crvior~u ~r~rrl col.rouio~r resistittrt, Felt lilred tl~a\vers 111.e !rot arccl)t sl~li..

14. REFRIGERATION. Refrigerutors for the storage of footls slrould L J c~tpable of ri~aiiitiriiiiirg II ~ ~ I I I ~ ) P ~ I I I I I I . C i r t 01' I J c I o \ ~ 45" Id'. 111 1111 tir~rcs. Iirle~.ior si~rfiices of ~.ef~*igerir~ors hlrot~ltl I J ~ s ~ ~ r o o l l ~ , 11011-

~~l)sorleiit , e ~ ~ s i l y cle~r~recl, l r ~ l t l ligI11 cwloretl. \ I ~ ~ I I I . I I I I ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I I ~ I . S ~ I O I I ~ I I IJI' I ) I . O I i111-11 I I I i 1 1 1 l i 1 ; \ l i ~ I ( I t . (I'III)II'I.~~I l11.1' i l l

. - i

the \v~rnrreut zolre o t crlclr ref tigenttor, ~rrrtl sllor~ld be placed where it : I

cltn be rend \\;it11 elwe. Tlie llrernloltreter scale divisions ehould not i I

i Lw, p e r t e r tlrall 52O F. o ~ l d tire thet-~rlorrretek should 1m nccurute to , :I

i i ~ 2 . l'lrern~o~neters need brut be i~lstrllect oa deep-freeze r f r i r i o r s .I tl1er11ro11retcr is riot reclr~ircd i n n smrll, eom~r~ercir l tefrigarnlor i~lte~ltled for ~)eno~rrrl we, suclr ns tlr~rt irrst~rlled in tlre arplnin's pnlrtry.

Section F. SANITARY DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND INSTALLATION OF VESSEL COMMISSARY EQUIP- MENT

1. GENERAL. These criteria pertrin chiefly to c~~stom-made or built-in equipment designed nnd fabricntecl by tlre sllipbuilders or their ssbcontrnctoru. Con~~~r i s s~r ry equiporent to be purcl~used on the ol)elr nrurket, suclr ns (lislr~vasl~i~rg nruclrines, foocl a ~ i s u ~ u , ntages rr11tl o t l ~ r r food Ir~~nilli~rg, prep~rratio~r, or storlrgu erluip~rre~\t, s l~or~ ld LW3 proc~~red only if dee~r~etl accept~rl)le, for llrc prlrpose iate~~tled, 'by tho Public Heultlr S e r ~ i c e . ~ Suclr ncceptarrre is b ~ ~ s e d on t t c~treful review and ernluntiou of tlre equip~nent rrnd its cotl~l)o~re~tt p t r t s und muterinl, to nscertni~r its freedo111 fronr undesirnble sit~~itntion fen- ~ I I N Y ; i1s ~ ~ b i l i t y to perform its sanilery f ~ r r ~ c t i a ~ ~ s~rlisfacto~-ily; nnrl its f ~ ~ c i l l ~ fur ensy cle~tni~rg.

1. DPFINITIONS. Foou is arry mw, cooked, or proceusotl edibla sub- ehnce, lerersge, or irrg~~~lie!!t used or i!~tc~rtlecl for uscr or for aalu in \rl~ole or i r r purt for I I I I I I I ~ ~ coasun~pt io~r.

F o u ~ - C o ~ ~ . i c r SGI~F.\CEI ure tlrose s t ~ r b c e s of cqc~ipinerrt nnd utensils \vitlr 11-hiclr foocl ~rorarallg collres i ~ r contnct, v11c1 tlrosu sr~rfncev with \vliiclr foocl nrng colrre in contact nr~d d ~ n i n br~ck o ~ t o surf~~ceu ~~ornlrrlly ill cqnt~tct svitl~ food.

i Coumos~ox RE~IST.\ST J~.\TERI.\L is R 1111rteri111 \vlricIr ~n~rirr t~ri~rs its

I or iyi~~l t l surfuce clrnr~~cteristics urrder ~~rolongeil influe~rce of food, c l e r n i ~ ~ g compounds rr~rd su~~i t iz ing solutio~rs \rlriclr lrray corrt~rct it.

Eas1t.r CLE.~NIBLE is r e ~ ~ d i l y nccessible ~rnd of suclr m~tterinl ancl finish n~rd so fabricuted tlrnt ~-esidlre nriry be corn~)letely~ro~rrovad by n o r ~ r ~ a l cleurring nrethods.

S r r rxo is free of cr~rcks or other ol)e~rings \rlriclr nray ~ x l n r i t tlre entry or 1)usurrge of moisl we.

RL.\DILY ,\CCESBILII.L! pertains to ~rrelrs or S I I ~ ~ I I C ~ S t1111t nre oy crtn ba esposecl f o r c l e e ~ ~ i ~ r p \rithout tlre l!se of tools. ,

'A Ilat of acceytthle eql~ll~rlert bihvlr~g w ~ ~ ~ l t e r l o ~ r slp~lHcuncr Is ~ ) ~ r b l l s b e ~ l red dlstrlbeted arrr~ualt)- bf [lie Etlrrlpr~~rr~t nevlen I t t l v l t g , Iuterstuts Currler Br*nc.b, Dlvlnlon ot Eur l r c~~~r i r su tu l E lcg ln re r l~~y n ~ i t l Yootl IBrutc.ctlt~n. Itcii18 of equlpr~ieut not furloll olr lbls l l ~ t uruy be ~ L ~ u c s I ~ ~ fur revlew 111rd evnl r l~~t lo~r thrut~gh the Ptrbllc LIrultb Servlrr R ~ g l o ~ l n l OfUte s r r v l ~ ~ g Ibc currier cul~cerritrl.

.~CCTSSIBLE Ant.% is o~re' (hut cnli' he renclily e x p w t l for i~rspeclion ~rlrtl 1wuper c!euaing \\.it 11 tlre use of sinrple tools. /

I$E.LUILY RE~U\-AOI.E 1)1rrts o r co~~rl)one~rts urn t11ose tlrnt cnlr be disrisuernbled or ren~ooed \ritlrout tlre use of tools.

Nox.\ssavu~sr B~.WKIII.\L is one tvhose surfnce is rcsistnnt to rrroiature po~~etnttiort.

D u n a u ~ ~ aroterinl nnd constructio~l is tlrnt Irhiclr is nbleato.with- I 1 ~turrd~rorr~rul use nnd ribuse.

I rYowrus~c; 1111\teriu1s nru tlrostr wlricl~ \\-ill not ilrtl-oduce lrnrmful or., I

irrjurious ingrdionto or substnnces into the food. I

I Ssrwrrr. T o be s~nootlr, th2 ~netnl surfnceo shall have the following , finiel~eu :

(a) Corrosio~r resistnnt rrlloys slrrrll Irure ~ r t leirut s No. 4 mill finish ! ~) ro l~er ly apl)lied.

I (1) C~rst iro~r, cnst u~rd forpecl steel, rind cnst nickel nlloy, in the Euoil areit, s l ~ ~ t l l Iravu 11 surEace ~ O I I ~ I I I I P J S rot to exced Americnn Starttlai.tl KO. 115.

(c) Other 11let111s s l ~ ~ r l l be 1tt leust 11s sn~ooth 11s coninrerci~\l grnde ,

rolled sheet steel 111rcl free of loose scale. 3. M.I?TE!?!ALS. Pcmt! cn!!!!?ct s!!r_f~!cru !JI!!!E!"IuI ~!!bu!d be carmion

resistuut, nontosic, nonnbsorhent, e~rsily clenanble, s ~ n o o t l ~ and dur- nble. Galvrr~rieed ~rletlil for food cont~lct sll~.f~rces is not recosunended.. Pnirlt s l~oald rot be applied to these s~trfrrces. Cutting bonrds slrould ' be of n mstel-in1 equal to, or better tlrnrr select lr~rld muple.

Solcle~., ~ I I ~ I I ~ ~ s e t l ns a food colrtact surface, slroi~ld be limited to . joinir~g ~netnl or serrli~rg seams bet\reen ~llruttilrg metal surfacee; '

sl~ould be of suclr fornrr~lutio~r os to be lrontoxi~ under use mndi- .( tions; s l ~ o ~ ~ l c l co~ltnirr rro rrrore lend tlrnn is necessnry under good n~~rnufuctnr i~rg prnctice; 111rc1 s l ro~~ld , consistent \vitlr good ilrdustrirrl l>nrctice ill tlre refinirrg of its constitue~rt elements, be free of cod- uriu~n, n~rt i~nony, bisnruth, nnd otlrer toxic m~rterinle. Welding nrn teri~rls r~secl in welcling together noncorrosive mn terinls ehohd reucler the \relcl nrert co~.rosioa ~.esist:~~rt.

; 1

lkI~rterinls, other t11111r tlrose n1re11d~ wcepted and listed f o r urn 11s food cootuct strrfeces 01. co~rtaiaei*~: sllould be approved b j the j Public I-Icaltlr Service before inst~~lli~tiott. Plastic, or other non- : ~ ~ ~ e t n l l i c nr~r terinls i~rte~lded for food co~rt~rct eurfnce use, will be il l rest ig~tted 'to dcte~.~rri~re tlreir toxicologic status.

4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. Food co~rtnct eurfnces should be . I Free of ol)en selrrlrs, crit~lis, or crevices nod slrould be easily clennable. 1 Ex~ose i l bolls, rrtrts, tl~rcuds, screw I ~ e ~ ~ t l s . I I I I ~ rivets ure 11ot accept- ' r~ble 011 tlrese s r~r f~~ces . All illtc1.11111 col-lrers in c q ~ ~ i p ~ ~ r e n t slrol~ld I J ~ rorr~~clctl \ v i l l ~ 11 I I I ~ I I ~ I I ~ I I I I L I ' I I ~ ~ I I S of olre-fo~~rtlr i~rclr, nnd edges .. 0 1 . . . . a la1 1 . 0 . I ; , , i < I I , . , I . ,111, I , ( ) , 30

Soldel-od rrnd welded areas, trwd es food contuct surfacee, el~ould b a~r~ootlr u11J durulle. l ' l~e depositbtl lnel~rl sl~ould be fitrislrccl to elitaiatiteslru.l, nngleu, cr~rcks, or crevice$.

Fwd areas slrould be protected against leakage or seepage of lubric~rntu or other ext rrr~~eous or foreigu tiul.;lat~ces.

1)rtrwors lrtld bins usecl ria foocl co~rtlrct tlut.flrcc.s til~ould bu ~ tad i ly M I I I O V I I ~ I ~ I I I I ~ U I I Y ~ I Y clea~~al)le. 'l'l~ey slror~ltl be free of opurr su~r~rrs or cracks uad fbriulled s~~roolll o~r nll side^. Covel-s, iauets, or rccq,trt- c l a for u~~l)uckuged foods or 1)everages slroulcl be reudily rer~rovsble or designed for elrsy cle~raing in plirce. .

Bqui l )~~rc~~ t I~ousilrg or co~~rponeot ~)nrtv slror~ld be free of oI)eningy into in~rccessible lrrerrs wl~eroin f o d , liquid, or dust lnny enter and irruects Irrrrbol.. blirel-s, ~-efrigcr~rtor co~rrl,rcsso~~s 111111 s i ~ ~ ~ i l ~ ~ r units,

i if provideil witlr o p e ~ ~ i r r ~ s or louvers, slrould c o ~ r t ~ ~ i ~ ~ re~rdily re~~rove-

i Ile ir~sl~eclion 1)orts or ~)ir~rcls. Co~ttrol nrecl~u~~is~rrs, corrpli~rgs, I I I I ~

otlrer cor~rl,ol~e~~tu nrou~rtetl on the 11o11si11g of tlie equil)~rretrt sl~oultl be so desigtred t r~~t l it~slulletl as to preclude tlre c.rrlr~r~rcc of dirt cr~rd verminh and tlre forn~rrtiotr of i~ruccaiblo areas \vlricll lnrLy provert IWOI)W cleat~i~rg n~rcl i~rsl)ectio~~.

Top ol)e~~iag;ls OII Irorixc~~~t~rl food siorr~gc cubit~ets sl~ot~lrl bu pro- tected arovtltI tlreir perillIrery by i i c o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t r g titree-sixteeniIr of all inch or rrroru ~tl~ove tlrc sr~rfucu of l l ~ a crrbi~tct 01. al,o\u llre overflow I i ~ ~ I i c ~ r b l e . Ol ) r r~ i~rg it1 \vorlc ur clislr ti~l~lcs to gnrbtrgu I I I I ~ . waste reccpttrbles ullairlcl 111r1.o a wutc~. tight t~tr~rrtl-clow~r edge extctrd- i~ rg u t le~rst oue-lrnli i~rch below the tal)le surface, u111ess llre o p e t ~ i ~ ~ g is provlded wit11 n scmp block.

Exposed edges und nosings on l~orizontnl surfnces sucll us t o p I of dressers, tulles, und slrelres slrould lruve lur~red clown or return

I flanges wWr n apuce of ot leist tl~ee-fourtlrs itre11 between shoured ' 1 edge und the frrr~lre a~~g l r s , or tlrey slro~~ltl be totally e~rclosecl. Range

aeo rails slror~ld be.rerrdily removuble IIIILI er~sily clea~~able. Buckets I for ru~rge sen rnilsshoulrl be eusily cle~rnrble. Hoods over steam kettles, rullges, I I ~ I ~ otlrer cooki~rg units slrould

buve s r~oot l~ , endly cle~~~rt~bla interiors. Gut ters, and glitter drnins, i t provided, sl~ould be designed and sized to fncilitute clenning. Filters, i f used, slrould be so i~~sli~lleil 11s to direct drippi~rgs into guttsrs. n~~flles, vnaes, dntnl)ers, 1t11d otlrer liir cont~;ol fucilities d~ould be rendily accessible or removlrble.

I Where ell)-qsed refrigerrrtlt coils tire locrrted il l food conrl)nrt~~re~ttu, tlrey ~Iroultl be of a finless type ir~rd I I ~ ' ~ ' ~ I I I ~ ~ ! ( I SO IIS to nllow ~ I I I . O U ~ I I clearring. Blower or fin type ev~q>or~rlors sl\ould be e~rclosecl 01.

slrielcled to protect tlre~rl from ~l)il l i~ge of footl ~r~rtl to l~rotect tho Eootl fro111 contlerrurtte ciripi)r~ge. Ellclosed t yl)e ~'efriget.~~ tion ev111)- ornlo~s shor~ld le ~)rovitletl witlt c o ~ ~ t l e ~ r s i ~ t ~ ~ I I . R ~ I I S . Refrigerrrnt - - .. . I .. 1 I , , 1!I . . ... . . : I 1..

Esposec! horizo~rtnl drnitr pipes, -including the tmp, sllould be 00

instnlled ns to permit proper clenninp of the deck area beneatll. Such pipes slroald not be locnted above food storago, ~mparntion or mning

I nceus, unless designed nnd installed ns per section (3, item 8. I

Water inlets to s t r u ~ ~ ~ tubles, kettles, nnd other sink type equipment shorild be locntnd a tninit~lum disturrce of twice the diameter of the

'1 water inlet but trot less than 1 inch ubove tire flood level rim. Vncuum ., I ) ~ ~ ! H ~ P I . . S o f 1111 ~~r : r~~r~t :~I>ln t v n ~ 1111tl ~,rol,r~.lv instulled nre satisfnc- a r ,

* I . . -- _ for t r i ~ s h cleaning nnd provided witlr plug nnd drnin to fadlitate . llusbing nnd dnrilring of tlre wntor bntlr compartment.

I

Sliding doom on gnlley ~ttld pantry equipment should. be removable . and their tracks or guides so fabricated us to be free of inaccessible . openings or slots. 1,ower tracks should be slotted a t ends to,facil- '

'it~rte ro~novnl of dust 111lc1 c1etl.i~. Equil)~~rent Boors, \vlretl~er eliding ' ur hinged, s h o ~ ~ l d not co~rtni~r opening^ into. inaccessible arena ' If

replace~ible, ntld should fit tightly. i g ~ i ~ k e t s are used on insulated doors, they al~ould'be ensily cleanable, I I:

i Dour cntcll openings, lntcll striker plates n;d other fastening !

rlevices should be free of o p e n i ~ ~ p into chnnnels, door panela or otlrer componeat pnl-ta of t l ~ e 'equipmelrt \vlriclr could permit the uutruace of V ~ I - I I I ~ I I I I I I ~ debris. I~ttclres, I~i~ryes, nrrd other l~nrdnare elrould be frrbricrrted of st~rootlr a~rcl eusily clenn~ible mntorinl,

Cutting botrrdu sho~tld be ~aendily renro\-able for clentri~rg or ~as i ly cleu~~~rble io place. They slro~dd be free of open sennrs or drncks n ~ ~ r l slroultl be li~risl~ed s~nootlr on 1111 sides. I

I

Tlrsulation mirteriul slrould be protected from ceepuge aud conden-

I I autioa. Plnulri~rg or closing strips slrould rot pe r~~r i t olrtry of1 f w d .

f r~r~lne~r tu or debris. DIIS~S, carbs, or el.vntec1 islfi~rds for supl~orting e q u i p ~ ~ n t Lbbve /

dcck level, if provicled wit11 toe spuce, sl~ot~lrl not be indented u distance gruater tlrn~r t l ~ e height of the lower f~-ntnit~g member of the equip-. , ment above the declc. Toe spnce should lrnve a minimum height of '

2 inches. Wlrer~ the nren under deck nrounted equipment is not en- tirely enclosed, legs supporting such equipment ?houlql k so axi- strucbd as to prevent collectiotl and harborage o t dirt, vermiq and . dsllris. Enclosed spaces such rs colum~ls, vertical supports, legs! eta., '

alrould be sealed n'gainst vermin entmnce. . . Coun~i~rg nround equipment sucll ns sten111 kettles, should be haled

rcguinst seeljuge, infiltr~rtio~r end vermi~r entmnce, n~rd should be pro- vided wit11 drnius hnving romovable struioers. The drain alrould bea located a t tile lowest point witlrin the nren. Drains for galley and .'

. .,. : eink equipment slrould be sized as follo\vs : . (a) Sinks-1 Wi~rches minimum diameter. (b) Stenm tnblev and Bnin Maries (wet type)-1 inell minimum

C -- ,.-". dia~rreter.

'

I

, , ,

tory wlrere the water supply line is recluired belo\v this lreiglrt (see . soction (3, plumbing, for detaila and further exylunation).

Shelves used ns fnlse b o t t o ~ ~ ~ v sllould be renclily I-enlovable or seulad irl place to p~.eclude the e~itriurce of food Iruy~eartu nnd vermin to space beneath,

Silverware containers elrould be remo\-able ant1 so designed und fnbricnted ns to permit lrot water or clremicul sa~ritixation.

Dipper wolls, for ice creuar dippers, slrorrld be ecluipped with run- ni~rg wutel- from alr above-tlrc-rim inlet and cooslrucled of s~~kootlr, senmlws eraterial.

5. INSTALIATION. All peltn~rnently instnllecl or stntio~rniy equip- nrerrt slrould be constructed or tlirslrecl to exclude operri~r~s in way of ndjnce~it structures or otlrer ecluipmorrt u~rless utleyuirte cleirrunce for proper clen~ri~rg is providecl.

Daclc or bulklleitd nrotrntad ecluipnre~rt ivlriclr is not c~rclosccl under-

i r~o~rth ~boultl lravo I\ m i ~ r i ~ ~ r u ~ ~ r cleitl-u~rce of 6 i~rclreu batween llre lowevt Ilorizorrlnl frnmieg ~rrenrber of the equipment ~ ~ ~ r t l the deck. Counter ~aountecl equip~ilent slro~ild Irevu a cle~rriruco of rt least 4 inclrw between lowest horizorrtnl rner~~bel- ur~d tlre counter- top.

Clenrunco between the beck of enclosed equipmon t, such us ranges ~ r ~ r d rufrigeritto~s, tad Lire bullclresd slro~rld be governed by the coln- Lined le~rgtlr of tlre itenrs. Equipme~rt 1111 to 2 feet lo~rg elrould be

i ut lenst 6 i~rclies fro111 tile bulklieud; 3 feet lorrg sllould be O i~rclres; 4 feet lo~rg slrould be 12 i~rclres; etc., up to a muri~~runr of 24 inches. If the sl3nce between equipment u~rd bulkl~end is rendily accessible frorn both eads, tlre nbove clerruncea miry be recluced in half, exapt that the minimum in nny cnveslrould be 6 inclres.

If two items of equip~ne~rt, such ns oven or ruages, are located adjncont to eucll otlrer, tlre spuce between slro~rld be at lenst 6 inches, if the tleptlr is 2 feet 01- less. For dcptlrs greuter tlrttn 2 feet, llre

i elidir~g scalo inclicated above slrould be upplied. In lieu of this, tlre Ypnce between slrould be euectively closed on nll sides by tiglrtly fitti~rg spacers.

I Equipment instrlled witlrout tlre clenrnnces stnted above should have th6 spnca under, ndjirce~rt, and in buck tlrereof effectively e~rclosed u~rd eenled to deck and/or bulklrend. Penetmtions, such ns cctble, corrduit or pipe openings, ehould be provided with tightly fittiug

I collnrs, or other' closure fittings und arnterials ncceptnble to the Public I-Ienlt l r Service.

'. 'Section G. PLUMBING

1. MATERIALS. Only new pipe, tubing, or fittings should be used in tlro potabla-water system, and all nrnterials used should he mxapt- ablo to the Public IIealWr Servicu. Idend pipe and cadmiu-lined f i t t i~ rp slroald not be rred. Plumbing slrould comply nit11 require- , ~nents of llre current edit io~r of the Nn t i o ~ r ~ ~ l PI urnbing Code.

5. AIRGAPS. An nirgup is the unobstructed vertical distance ' I tlrrouglr tlte free stmospher~ betwee11 the lowest ope~ling from any , strpply pipo or fixturo drain nnd tlre flood-level rim of the receiving I

receptnclu. Tlre la~rgtlr of m nirgrp should be nt lenst twics h e inaide i diunruter of tlro delivery pipe or drain tlrnt it protects, with a minimum : of 1 inch. IVlren a receiving fun1101 is provided, the gnp should be 1 nrensl~retl frorn the top of tlre ful-llr~el to tlre end of the pipe or drain i (see fig. 0).

3. BACKFLOW PREVENTERS. When an nirgup cannot be provided in tho w t e r supply li~re to a fixture, n sl~itnhle'bncldom preyenter ~hou ld be installed ia tlre supply line. I n e n a vncuum breaker is used for tlris purpose, it slrould be instulled on the discl-llurge side of t.he lnst control vnlve u t leust 4 inclres nbove the flood level rim of : tlre fixture us slrown in figure 10, or in nccordunce with the critical . distance 11s indic~rted in tlre Irtest edition of Public Health Service "List of f~ccopted Eqnipnrent for Interstate Carrier Use." The back- flow preventer slrould be so designed tlrut a complete cycle of any i

A i r g a p a t l e a s t t w i c e t h e , i n s i d e d i a m e t e r of t h e p i p e

1" Min. I

-. .-

U

AIR OA? FOR ?OtABlE-WAIER SfRVlCI LINES i . 8

PO& EQUIPMENT, O R IACWFLOW PREVENTLR nospITA~ s t ERICIZEA \ ( v ~ u u u eAunrR)

, NON-POTABLE, OkI CONTAMINATE0 LlOUlD

INDIRECT WANE AND VACUUM BREAKER

flgura 10

~ ~ r o v i ~ r g purts is ~irsclu el~cli time the co~rtrol vulve and the supply lirru is upelled und closed. Accuptable buckflow prever~tera nlny be foturd in the "List of Accepted sdquil~~rre~rt for Intertihito Currier Use."

4. BACKWATER VALVES. A bnckwnter vulve is u mechanical dovicu installed in u soil or waste line to prevert tlre reverstll oE How under conditions of bnck pressure. I n the check-vulve type, the flap should swing into R recess wlren the line is flowiag full, to preclude obstruct- ing the Ilo~c.

5. FIXTURES. All fixtures elrould be resistant to the corrosive effecb of salt water and mlirre atmosphe~s. Fixtures should be easy to clean, nnd so designed ns to function efficie~rtly. Ilrterrrnl corners of a fixture slrould be rounded, wherever pructicnble.

6. PREVENTION OF BACKFLOW INTO THE POTABLE-WATER SYSTEM. Tlre ptnble-water systerrr should not be cross-con~rected to uny non- potnble-liquitl ~yslern, urrcl 110 ~)rovisiorr sl~ould be rirnde for such a co~~nection. Overflowti, v e ~ ~ t s , und drnins from tnrlks, und drains from the distribution system (iaclutling nny irnter tl-eutarent plu~tt) , sllould not be directly connected to sewage dmins. IVlrea dmin lines are extended to*drd the bo t to~~l of tlre vessel, they slrotrld te~minnte a t least 18 irrclree ubove the inner-bottom plating, or above the highest point of tlre bilge in the uhence of suclr plnting, unless tire lrydruulics of the potnble-water system are suclr tlrut btclcflow is inrpxsible. Air- yaps ~uld receiving fu~rnels sliould Le ilrstirlletl in these lilies when t l~ey disclllrrge to n closecl tank of n ~lo~rpot*ble-wuter systcm, or to a

- . . . - . - .. -.. ..;& ,,,.,, ,I,.,,i,,

The delivery of potiible nater to sinks, mash bash, bathtube, ;-

upn~wiorr tanks, Inurrdry truys, clotlres-\vnslring mach inq b o i l s ~ i water spill-tnnks (Irot \\..ells), waste-disposnl white, laboratory rnd

nrntion or processing of food, or equipnrent for the wnshing of eating

I Ilwpitnl equipment, aspirntors, certain qulpment used in the prep- !,

natl drirrking utu~ruils, slrould be t l ~ r o u g l ~ tin i~irgrrp. M ~ e r e nn'nirgnp ie ir~r~ruclic~ible, n bnck[lo\\. prave~rter slrot~ld be instnlled.

I A direct corr~~cctiun of tlre polnble-wrtcr system to tlre jncket of

n stc~inr jicttle is 9~tisEucto1-y. 7. DRINKING FOUNTAINS. Bomls or btrsins of drinking fountain8 ' 1 .

nnd coole~v slrotrld be corrstructed of inrper\.iouu, nonoridizing mnte- ', rial, ~ i n d slrould be so clesigr)ed nnd cor~strrrcted na to be eneily cleaned I; nnd protectccl ugtiinst bltckflow. Tlru jet of 11 tlrinking fountain sllould Lw til~~ntilrg, and tlru orifice of the jot sl~oalrl h protected by n guard I: ill suclt a Irranlrer 11s to prevent corrtu~~~inntiorl by droppings fl-o~n the ;

, . motrtlr or by sl~ltiulring from tlre basin. The orifice of euch a jet allould bu a t lolist tlrree-fourtlrs i~rclr nbove the rim of the basin. '

Tlru \vatcr-supply pipe slroi~lcl be pro\*ided with a pransure- regululi~rg v~tlve, wlriclr will permit the regtrl~~tiorr of the flow of water . b tlre far~irhiir, MI Z.!!nt tlro vulva ~nl~nipuluted by t!la usel. of -tha fou~rtuirr will ~rrerely trrr~r tlre \\-utero~r or oil. I

Tlre wnulu ope l~ i~ lg and pipe slrould be of sr~llicie~lt size to carry off tlre wntcr, ulrd slrould be pro\-ided with n s t n ~ i ~ ~ e r . The druirh should

I h trripped, i f it ties into a drninnge systern.

8 . DRAINAGE SYSTEMS. Druins slrould be of ndequnte size to pre- veut cloggirrg n~rd sltbsequerrt bnckftoir of se\vnge.or contuminated waste into tlre fistures n ~ t d spnces they serve. Provision ehotdd be - '

rnnde to prevunt tlre pipes from freezi~rg. I No clrui~rtlge line of nny kind, Itor 111ry pipe c111.rying ~vusli uVater, i

sr l t wuter, or other ~~olrpotnble liquid, slrotrltl puss tlrrouglr n~ry pot- nble-water tu~rlc, unless ns specifiecl in section A, iteni 6.

Soil-waste dn~i~rsslrould rrot pnss over 1)ot1rble-w1tter-t1111k rnu~~lroles. ' Toilets ~urd butlrroom sptlces slrorrld not extent1 over nlry pnrt of n deck

which Ior~rrs the top of n gotuble-\ruler tank. All ~ro~tl~otnble pipi~rg (servico uncl clrl~irr~~ge l i ~ ~ e s ) eliould be so

nrru~rgetl tlrr~t they do rot pnss directly over. or througlr spltces where j food isstorerl,'l)rel)arelI, or servecl, or sl)ltces \\Irere irte~rsils III.~, \\wnelred. , I n inst~urces wlrero st ruct u n ~ l linrit~ttiol~s mn? co~~flict wit11 tho locn- f

tion of ilrnirr l i ~ ~ e u in ~~c.col*tlalrce \vill~ tlris criieritt, sl~ecial consirleru- '

ti011 ~ u a y I N given to olternrrte clcsigns nriui~nizi~rg cornections, sl~eciltl pipi~rg 11111tcrials I I I I ~ instnllatiorr ~)rt~cticeu irr or(lera to pr-cyludo

t l ru i~~i~gu li~lu ~rrilterirrls \I lriclr arrlly be I I C V C I ) ~ C C ~ ill 11lterr111te co~rslruc-

Il tlre possibility of Icakaye. Es~lrr~l)lcs of atronjiur I I I I ~ less corarouive

I tion nre est1-1r-lle11vy girl\-iririzerl stccl il l1 \vcltletl joi~rts; g ~ ~ l v ~ ~ ~ r i z c d , , -. , , . . . . I ..... 1 .......,,.. I,t ; I - , . , , t t - i i l , tc.,.lll.-,I i , t i l l ~ c . . I ~ I I I ~ ~ . ~ I - I ~ ~ I . \ ; u . ~ 1 1 l l r 1 \ . 1 1 1 l l i 1 1 4 r 3.

( c o u t ~ r i ~ l i ~ ~ g ut leust 10.perce11t ~ricliel) \\-it11 silver bruzed joints; or other upl)ro~ecl r~~nteriula orr lile wit11 l l ~ e .lJulrlic I [errltlr Service. 111

additiotr, tlte sjstenr slroulcl be I~ydrostatically testcil for Icukuyc, u~rd no ulen~~outs sllottld be provitled over sucl~ sl)uccs. Joirrts may be butt-\relcletl provided tllut 110 tvcltlil~y h ~ r t l I T I I I N ~ I I S \viLlti~r the pil~e. Uutt-\velding.n~ay be nvoidetl l y the app l i r a t io~~ of o sleeve c o ~ r l ~ l i ~ ~ g which is welcled u t the end3 of the sleeve.

Food tvrrate-grinders or diuyoslrl units locutucl in sculleries or UIIJ

othor food sorvice ararl nlny cause rn aerosol. Tllerefore n.n eductor whiclr n ~ r ~ y utilize overborrcl wuter sl~ould Lxr plvvided ill tlre 1rorie41r- tal clischtrrie line fro~rl sr~cll grinders or clis1~os1rl u ~ ~ i t s . Sr~clr rrn 111- - sLr~llution is not required for food \vnste-griadcrs iustalled in seperrte purbnge clisl)osol nrers or. food \\.astc-gri~r(ler ~ W I I I Y .

IVlrea fruvl~ w~rter froar ovc~bourtl is to Ire tretttetl ubuurd a vessel for use 113 potuble wrtter, t l ~ u sr~~ritary overboard disclrurge slrould not be o ~ r tlre slrrllu sicle ns 1l1e \vuter i ~ ~ t c ~ k e . \\ 'l~e~r it is not practic?l tu locute tllu srr~ritury overbortrtl tliscl~lr~.ge or1 Ll~e ul)positc side of tlro vessel from l l ~ e tv~rter i ~ ~ l r r l i u , it s l ~ o ~ ~ l t l be locr~tetl 11s frrr nft rr~rd try fur above tlre Iv~tter ilrtnke 11s forsible.

l )rai~rl i~~cu c ~ r r r j i ~ ~ g B U \ \ ~ I I ~ U , food ~)~~r t icIes , or otlrer 1)utrcscible matter, sl~ould uot be clisclurrged to tlre bilge. Deck tlrtrins from ken- nels n~rd otlrcr Irreau wlre~s a ~ ~ i ~ n i t l s will 1% Irouued u l ~ o r ~ l ~ l be con~reclecl lo tlre S ~ \ I I I ~ U systea~.

9. V6NTS AND TRAPS. 1)rrrillugu s y s t u ~ ~ ~ s wlriclr receive sowuge, nblutio~~rrry \VII ter, or other l~ulrescillc wasle, slro~rltl be provitled wit11 vents rind wuter-senled trnps 11s 111-0 rrecersnry lo preveat gnses or obnoxious odo~v from entering nlly spnce sel.vetl. The wuter-sealed traps ehould be so clesiglred 11s to rr~i~ii~rrize the clepositior~ of settlenble solids. A trrrp slro~rlcl be of the srrrrle size ns the d r ~ i n to wl~icli it ie coa~reeted. lV1rc11 t l~ere iu III I ~~irgrrl) i ~ r the tlrni~r, the trup slrould be i~rst~tlled below the nirgap.

10. CLEANOUTS. Clennout and LLrodcling" plugs slrould bo in- stalled nt upproprinte plnces in tlre dlrinage system. Tlrey sl~ould uot be i~rstnlled ill tlrosct p~rrts of clrrrinrrge systenrs \rhich nre nenr potable-mnter-tnuk ~n~rlrlloles or i ~ r spuces lvlrere food is stored, pre- pnred, or sorvctl. 3fe1111s of ol)enil~g rr~~tl clerr~~ilry traps shovlcl be ~wovitlecl.

11. PREVENTION OF BACKFLOW OF WASTE. Ilrdividuul ail-gups ul~oulcl bu placetl i ~ r t l ~ u t l r ~ r i ~ ~ l i ~ ~ c s fro111 ccrtri11 tyl~c3 oE fixtul-es, such 11s \ v ~ t l e r b ~ ~ t l ~ sterilizers, 110sl)itrrl writer slills, euloclrrves, steunr kettles, clri~~kiag-gluss rillsere, vegetable l~ee le~s , 1111tl colice I I ~ I I S , as \\-ell as frorn all 11osl)ilnl a ~ i d food 1~rel)lwnt ion arrtl srrvici~ry e q r ~ i p n ~ e ~ ~ t \vlriclr ~ u a y b subject to eubut~~roul)l~eric prcsslrrr.

. \ ~ I F I I I J S R I I O I I I ~ be ])la(.etl, 1rlso, i l l tlre ir~tlivi,lutrl t ln r i~~ l i~ r r s ~ I W I I I . I , . . C ' c . I... .

INDlPtNDENf GRAVITY DRAINAGE

Hgurr 11

the ref r ige ra td spnco (see fig. 12). N o ~ ~ r e t u r n vulva fire proferrsd to :

telltulu declc tlrui~rs in clroi~roge lines f r o ~ n refrigelated cnlpo spucea. \Vl~er~ s refrigel-ated ~pacu is lucutetl u ~ r Lllu irrrrcr-botlo~~i plutitrg

uatl its clrnias go to u plul)erly rb~rted clnlir;\vcll tvllich is en~l)tied with

CII-uin 111rty be co~rrlectetl to the druin\vell. I f rr telltnle tlrni~i is in- .

l a ~c t l~ur~ i to ~ I I I I I I ) , sterr~n-ol)ernted ejector, or bilge pump, u tolltale 1

sl~tlletl, it slrooltl be nt least of tlrc srlrrle ilinoieter 11s tlie sl~c'tio~r line Lo the pump (see fig. 13).

storxs slJace, clislr\v~~sl~ers, r111t1 eqr~ip~rrerrt r~setl in tlie ~)rcl)tlr~itiol~ or ~)roccssir~g of footl, \vlrerr such t l r s i ~ ~ s g e is to 11 sp tea l \\.lriclr reccivev lrr~rnnl~ eowsge4 or hospitnl Ivnstcs. I~itlivitlunl n i r p p s will not be I

required in tlrese cl~*rrinlines when m e of tlre follo\ving conditions ia .

sntisfiocl : I I t

n. Tlre drninli~ies nre inclepentle~~t of erlcll other and of all other t l ru i~~oge syslc~rrs (see lig. 11).

1. The clro i ~ ~ l i ~ r e s discl~arge to ope~r tlroi~r\\.ells, IVII~II the drui~i- line runs from equil)~ne~rt \vlliclr Intry be sr~bject to.subrrt~rios~~lreric

1 pressure, it sl~oulcl aot be submerged in tlre cIrniu\vell. ,

c. Tlre droirrli~res fro111 suclr equip~nent n~rd slJtrces nro co~l~lected to I; c ~ ~ ~ ~ n i o r r droilroge system sepernte f r o o ~ rrl~y system carryilig humnll \iensteu, r r ~ ~ d tlrere rr re telltale cleck-clrni~is in each food-storngt, and food- . preperatio~r spnce; except thot u cleclc-clrtria outside tlre spnco will

/ suffice iu rcfrigen~tecl sprccs. 111 the latter case, the telltnle 4wk- ,. . I : i t .

dr~rilr should be in nn ncljnceat, f raque~~ted spnce or pussnge\ray,'and . f ut n level nt lcnst G i~iclies lower tlrnn tlirrt of the cllairi in tlie floor of 't

'

, I 1. ; *

, ; ,, 1"'

COMBINED GlAVllY DRAINAGE

Eitlrcr of tlre drtrilragu systerrls ~ ~ ~ c ~ r t i o r ~ c t l i l l 11, b, rrr~il c, 111uy be cliscllnrgod by grcrvity (lircctly overboi~rtl, or tlrr~~uyll sirgirl~s to other clruir~agq yysterl~s. 13urr~l,s or sle11111-ol1clatcc1 ejccloru rrru sntis:;c- tory i l l co~rlirrrrouu tlrsi~re~tl SYS~L.II IS \vlric11 dis~'1111rg~ I I ~ O V U or hlo\sp tlre tvrtlurli~re, rcglrrillcsj of l l~o elevrrt i c ) r ~ of I I IE SI~I ICCY drrlirl~il, pro- vitbtl l u l t tallt~rle, o\-crflow tlcclc-rlnri~rs ure illst r~lletl ns reco~nrr~et~~lod iu c, ~rbove (see tig. 1-1). Ejectors \vl~iclr are ol)e~.rrted by overhnrcl \\-nter s l~o~~lc l not bo irrstrrlled i l l cor~lirr\ror~s sys(el~~s. Wlrtlr ~vrrsles

REFRIGLRAT E D

CARGO SPACE

l N N 6 R B O T T O M

DRAINAGE OF INNER BOTIOM DRAIN WELL

frolu these Efood sturuge ur~d preparutioo s111rces lrre disclr~rrpcl tlrrough '

all rirgrrp to s su~el), eject ion fro111 tlre SI I I I I~ ) by Irrelu1a of att o v c r h ~ r d , 1 .. ~ratcr-ol'crtrtcil ujuctor is s~rtiuftrctory.

.,I(. I2,- SEWAGE RETgr\lTl?p AND TREATMEECT $Y;TTEMS.* ' Facilitiw to tre J \\-ustcs f 1.or11 toilets, u~innls, facilit its i ~ r Irospital arclrs Ir~\odling fecnl nlntorinl nrrd wnstes from food wuste-grindel%, wlren such grind- e n nre instullud, slroulcl be provided. 111 liou of treatment,' them . \\-rrstus lrruy be collectetl irr lrolcli~~g tnlllts properly equipped *wit11 ' pullips lrnd l~ipirrg, SO tll~rt tlre Ivnsteu c~rrr IN cliuclrnrged to np~mved sl~or-e-base11 or flontirrg ir~d~rllatioas. . . , . :

- -111 p l l ey \rnstes, exeli~sive of grou11d food ~vuste, w11icl1 midit con: t r r i l ~ grense slrotrld pnss through grease interceptors prior t g their disclr~rrgo overboard or to tlre treatment unit nboerd tlre vessel. \\'hela grerrst, intercer,tors nre iastlrlletl, the grease collected drould be disoosecl of ,by iaciae~.ntior~, stored for disposal asllore or diepored of ill nnotlrel- rrpprovcd 1111r11rrer. Orease i~~telreptors slro~~ld be de- ', nigIled r~rrtl installed ia uccordance \\.itlr the npplicltble provisione of I !

tlre Nutio~uul I'lurnbi~~g Cocle, -4SA ..A-10.8. The dcsipr of treatmul~t hcilities n11d holding t n ~ d i s slrould be ;

bosecl orr ~ur , ' r~vern~o flo\\. of nt lcnst 30 girllone yer cnpitn per day. For vessels with 11 11orm111 complement (passengets and crew) of

-11 or rnore, rr~inirnlrtr~ tl.entrnerrt' sllould be-such us to ~>roduce a11 elller~~t, witlrout the benefit of dilution tritli u~rter ill rrddition to tlrut rerluired for tlrc lrorlrrnl ol~eration of coatributing snuitary fix- !

turcs, wit11 50 BIG/L or less of Tliocl~er~ticul Oxjger~ Derl~rrrrd ( (D.O.D.), 150 MG/L or less of suspe~~iletl solids, llrrcl 1,000 01. less coliform blrctbrin pel. 100 1111. I~rrcilities slrould bu p~~oviileil for tllc I

NOTLI Vnnl whnn nrme~arl, 8tol.n~u of C S C C ~ S d ~ l t l u u f u r l~l~ollt!l~ \ l ~ ~ i l l l r l ~ ~ t\i~llo&~I.

For veseels with a norrnul conrplement (passengels nnd crew) of 40 or'"le&, minlmum'thiutnient should donsist of puyying tho wnslus ' tl~rough a grinder followed by disinfect iorr \vlriclr will y roducc un elfluent having 1,000 o r lese colitoma per 100 ml. witlrout berrefit of dilutio~r with water ia uclditio~l to tllut required for tlre ~rorrrrul opera- tion of the contributing sutrilsry Bstures.

A r~retllod of disinfection equully e4ective to cl~lori~~utiorr irruy l o wwptal le wlrere disinfuciion is rcquired to PI-ocl~lrn arr eflluerrt. nreet- i~rg the colifornl q u i r e ~ r \ e n t s specified.

Tlre dischnrge piping f-roln the sewagc tre~itnre~rt. unit s11ouId be provided wit11 a valve for sa~rrplirlg the t renter1 efllueat.

O o c h c u n n b c l l o n or a m a r p r n c / y

b j . - p o b b \,lb2aaa , C O ~ I ~ C I ~ O I I h b a d b r

W o l a r l l n b W o l a r l l n b

S a u a g a I r a a l r n m n l u n l l or r r t a n l l o n t o n h

IYt lCAL SEWAGE UNIT FOR LARGE VESSEL

f l p u l l I I

* X I l l ~ a t1111b Iblm ~ ~ I l m l o ~ Wmm bellty yrlated. tllcre mere (~r~~dlus Amenrlr~~cotr lo the 1111rratnlr ( ) t ~ a r r u l l n e H r ~ u l n l l u u n a18d l l ~ e FurrlL.~1 Q u r + r ~ ~ t t t l ~ l r I l r ~ u I m ~ I u ~ ~ d r ~ h l e h r U I r ~ * q ~ ~ l r v 1111 new vr.arrlr u r rrr*tl* u l :dr rpul l~g u lu jo r r t r l l t r r y l l ~ u I" I,r , . t l u l l ~ ~ t l v l l h l u r l l l l l ~ ~ u . . . . . . . . - ... .

Section H. SWIMMING POOLS I 1. GENERAL. Fill-und-dmw swimming pools alrould not be h- ,

stulled. Recircululing swilanring pools slrould be constructed in nc- . corclance with the ~.ecoa~lnendations i ~ r the lntest edition of Suggeatsd Ordilrat~cs and Regulation Couering Public Stuimn~ing Pook, pub- i lished by tlre Americnn Public Melrlth Association, 1700 Broudmay, i New Yock, N.Y. Flowing-througlr, sult-\virt er swimming pools-the typo ~rrost practiclible for sengoirrg vessels ltnd tlreir water-supply syatcars-sl~ollld be si, clesipred 11s to pro\*ide nrliximum protection for s\vil l l~rre~~.

2. SALT-WATER POOL. Tlre ~rulnbcr of lilthers tlrnt cnn use a s w i l ~ l r t ~ i ~ ~ g pool safuly a t olle tilllc, ulrtl tllo tot111 ~lul~lber tllnt cun use a pool dr~l-ing one tlsy, nre governed by the arerr of. the pool lrnd tlre rule of ~.cplucelrru~rt of its ~vuter witlr clc1111 wrrter. Tlrereforc, tlre p o l s!rc?!!!r_l be desIg11~1 wit I? special lrtte~rticn to tlre prolnble peak hutlri~lg 10t~il ulrd i111: lntixinru~n S ~ I ~ C U UVIL~IIILI~) for the constrl~ction of a pool. Tllc follo\vi~rg principles slrould be applied in the desigrr of Ilowi~~g-tlrrougll, salt-wnter pools:

I I Tile d e u i ~ y cnpacity of tlre pool slrould lm judged on the basis of 24 i

! squnre fcet per l~utlrel.. For tlre lnnilrtelrnllce of sntisfactory clean I

anter ill the pool, the rote of flo\v of c1e111r sen wnter~holrld effect corn- 11 plete replacernelrt nt leust once every (i lrours or less. Tlre floming- 11 t)lru,lgIl r a t c r shoi~ld be delivered to the pool thmllglr nrultiple inlets, 1

. I!

.W*%L( C l U l .lu M U L l l P L I IMLIT.(ALL . IOL~)

FLOW-THROUGH SWIMMINO COOL

F)Iutm 16

locvled eo as to i11aul.e u~riform distributiorr. 'I'heso inlets should be mrved by a brurrcll liue t n k i n ~ off ttk~rr tlre rrruirr sr~pply line, at tlte pressure sideu of tlre filling valve nerrl; the pool. This branch line should be designed to offect replucerne~~t of th:! in the pool every 6 hours or lcss. Control oE tlre flow slrould be independent of the AUhg valve. ,

Tlre overflo\r slrould Le dislrul.ged irrto SCIIIII gu t t e~s or a rjirnilur burrdary overflow, with multiple outlets speced rrot more than 15 feet ripurt, disclrnrging to lllo overlourd drrrin or tlre bilge.

A dnrir sltorrld iw irrst~tllal I I ~ tlre lotvest. poilrt irr the I)ooll'~,urrd i(s irruiila c1iualete1- sl~ould Lo of sufficiertt size lo iasuro quick emptying. Tlre clrnios from the ~ ~ o o l tjl~ould preferribly h irrc\epeudent; however, \\-lre~t colr~icctetl to nlry ot lrer ilruirr~r~u syste~n, u bacli\vster vulve slrould be installed in llre swimnring-pool dn~irrline.

l'lre hottorn of the pool slrould slope totvnrcl (Ire d ~ u i n or drai~rs irr YIICII 11 11r1111rier 11s to eltcct coa~pletu tlr.ai~r~r~e of tlro tvuler fwrn tlrc ~ ~ o o l . III tlre irrteresl of err [sty, tlru slol~e of tlru httorn of u~ry purt of llrd ~ o o l i r r n-lriclr llru \\,rrtcr is lcss Lllru~ 5.5 fcet deep slrorrld Lu not rllora tli1111 1 foot irr eoclr 15 fcet. 'l'lrcre slrutrltl be rro ~udilcrr clrarrge

. of nlopj \\.itlri~r llru rrcii \\.lruru tlro w~rlur . doplli is less tlrulr b.6 fwt. ~ t ' i s prcfelable to lr~irc 11 sep~rrute writer-supply system, including

111; ~ I I I I I ~ . Tlre \v~rter irrtrrlce slrould b for\var.d of all sunihry druirrs . . fronr tlre vessel. I-Io\vever, if the pwl will be filled and tlre flowing

t lrl.otrglr will uccur orrly wlrcri t lru vessel is ulrtlerw~~y, it will be satis- factcr~.) to use tlre lire or s~~rrit~rr~-ove~~l)onrtl-\\-ater pumps, or u cola- binatio~r of illeve puerl~s, providetl tlrr~t : . a. Tlre delivery line to tlre pool is irrclependrnt of otlrer lines origi-

~rnt,ing nt or neur tlrc disclrirrge of tlro pump or. tlre valve nranifold, or ~ r t u poirrt where tlre runxinrum or near-rnaxirrlunl flusliing of the fire or

I

srtrritary-overbonrd-\rtltur pimp and ~r~nirr is rotttir~ely effected. b. -4 readily ucccsuiblu drrrtoff vnlvo is locrrted close to tlru point of

(ukc-olr fronr tire fire or slrrritury-overhard-\\.nter systern, and is per- ~rrnnerrtly ~rrrd consl)icuously lnbeled xt:srh CLUSED \VIIILE IN CONTAMI-

N A T E ~ \v.tT):ns. 3. RECIRCULATION TYPE POOL. All swim~ning pools of tlle m i r -

culrr t ion type slrnll --. be designed i r r nccordnnce with tlre ~rbove referenced ~uu~runl so t l r~ t , wit11 proper ol~erution, the di\r\ger to tlre Iie~ilth of ~~usseage~s urrcl crew is ~rrir~iarizecl. \\'oler tlr~rt is irrtroducecl illto the pool tlirectly or tlrrouglr llro recirculatioa sjste~n fror~r tlro potable \\-uter systcnr or intc, the recirculutiorr systtr~ri f r o ~ ~ r the waslr water system slrould be tlrrough nn nirgnp.

Tlre systenr slrorrlcl pro\pitlu liltlation, irrcluding necessary water

I contlitiorling, wliich \\-ill cl~rrify id1 water in tlre ~ ~ o o l every 8 lrourv or less. 1I:rltril)rnerrt slroultl be provitled so tllnt water can bc prol~crly

.a t l i ~ i ~ ~ f ~ ~ t f . t l ~ I I ( I t11e 111~i1iIi11ilv ~ o ~ r t r o l l ~ ~ l

... _. *. .

't

Section I. ACCOMMODATIONS

1. GENERAL. Accommoclations for possenpk and crew should be suclr ns to protect the lrcultlr of tlre occupnnt and to prevent tlre intro- duction, trnnsmissiorr, rrnd spread of corrrmunicable diseases.

Section J. HEATING, VENTILATING, AND LIGHTING

1. GENERAL. I t is beyond the scope of this handbook to set forth stnndurds for tlrise nrens. In gerrorul, Irutvever, heating, ventilding, rlnd liglrting slrould be ndeq~rnte in livi~rg speces. to.nraintain a health- ftrl urrd co~rr fortnlle e~r vimunerrt.

Lightills rrrrd verrtilation, as nidv ia tlru n~rinturlar~ce of good mni- tury co~rtlitio~ls i r r fo~t l -pre~~nlat ior~, fwd-storuge, ant1 food-service spnceu, should co~rform to recom~nendntio~ls in section E, nnd'itame 8 nrrcl 9.

For sta~ldurds of g o d pructice, reference is nlnde to the following publications :

Cftridu cb Data Boob, (Pundamentala ASERA6 a d Equipuwd dpp2ication), American Society of Hen t ing, Refrigernting, and Air- Conditioning Eugineers, United Engineering Center, 840 Enst 47th '

Street, New York, N.Y., 10017. ZES Lighting Handbook, Illuminating Engineering flociety, 1

United Engineering Center, 846 47th Street, New York, N.Y., $0017. . ,I

Section 'K. RATPROOF CONSTRUCT ION

1. GENERAL. Ruts l~uvo followed man lo 11111rost all inlrabitod parts of tlre world c n r r y i ~ ~ g with tl~enl certui~r hu:unn diseases, destroy- ing his possessions, ~ t l~ r l iaterferi~rg with lris eco~ro~iric n~rtl physical well-bei~~g. Rats were probably first brouglrt into tlre U~rited States in enrly colo~rinl tinres by vessels. Severit1 epiclenlics of plague ia sea- p ~ r t cities are believed to have been transmitted through infected sldp nrh. I11 addition to plngue, murine typlrus fevur, sdmonullosis, tricl~irrouiu, Ire~norrlr~rgic jnuridice or \Veil's clisei~so, und 1.111-bile fever at-e knoivu to be trnnsnritted by rnts. T o guard ngainst f ~ ~ r t l r e r intro- duction of diseuse-cnwying ~ l t i p rats, this scctiu~r of the mnnud is included i ~ r crder tlrlrt vessels Intry be constructed in u rutproof nrnlrncr.

Rntproof co~rstructinll of 11 vessel co~~sis ts of clesig~~ tr11<1 fabrication in su'clr n milmer ns to el i~ni~late or render incrccessible tllose spaces w l ~ i c l ~ lrlny nlforcl s rut 111trborsg~ or I J ~ rr source for food and wutor for

l k iiit6iitl~il 1 0 ~ i 3 i i b f ~ i i t !llf"diitiUli i\;iil ti; i ; r~~i3il& t ! i ~ i)UtIS-

nge dr ruts from olle sectio~r o i n vessel to n ~ ~ o t t ~ e r . rllre rutproofing recluire~nunts listod l~erei~r 11p1)ly to U.S. 1l11g vessels engaged in foreign tra5c. Rntproofing of intcrvtnte carriers is required only in arms wlrere food is stored, prepared, or served.

2. DEFINITIONS.

RATPROOF - 4 n ~ ~ - A a nrcu wlriclr is co~npletely isolnted from other . ~ r e a e by lneltns of dependable rntproofing.

RAT-TIOIIT hm. -An nma all bounduries of which are rasistant to the ensy pnssnge of ruts. All ope~rings into tlro nren should be tight- fitting, nreeting tlle nioximu~n ope~ring definitio~r. Exposed edges need not be Atphi?d witlr n rntproof mnteriul.

RATPROOF ~.IATE~I.\I,.--A muteriul, .tile surfirce nnd edgcs of whicll are r t s i s t u ~ ~ t to t l ~ e g n u \ r i n ~ of rats.

,QCCEP~AULD NONI~.\TI'ROOY M A T E I ~ I . ~ L . - ~ ~ ~~r~rteriul , tlle surfnce of wlriclr is resistnut to tlre g~rutving of ruts \vl~en its 2xposecl edges are flusl~eci wit11 n rntproof ~nnterinl.

bI.rx~~ruar O1s~~l~a . -T l10 largest openi~rg tl~rouglr wlriclr n rnt cnn- not pnss. Regnrdless of Llle slrupe of t l ~ e npcr~ilty, it slrot~ld Ix, one-hnlf iaclr or less in the nininrtun dimension, as shown i n figure 17.

OPEN-TYLBE CONSTRUC.L'ION.-COIIS~~UC~~OI~ by wliiclr purti~rlly ell-

lXAMPlES OF MAXIMUM OPENINGS

closed placcu ure ope11 to vieiv for ir1ul)ect ion 1l11c1 rtccessitile for mslnte- nnnee.

CLOSED-TYPE CONL~'~ICCTIOX.-COIIS~~LIC~~OI~ by \vl~ich plncrs that are

I not ensily inspectable are closed by nrelrrrs of clepcndnble ratproofing.

EASILY IWSPECT.\DLE.-P~~C~S \vhicIr nre open to view from the deck . or converrielrtly accessible f ~ r inspection. I I F ~ a e t ~ ~ ~ a . - T h e cupping or covering of cornem, boundariee, and : other exposed edges of acceptnble nonrntpmof material in nLpmf '.

arene. The flnsl~ing strip ~lloilld be n nrtproof mnterial, wide enough ; to cover tlro gnnwing edge or edges nclequntely, and be firmly fastened. ; 1 3. RATPROOF MATERIAL. Rntproof materials slrould be thick

enough to resist tenring by rnts and nble to \vithstnad any blows to ;, which they nlny be subjected within the nrens of use. Suclr materiala ; include steel plnte, sheet iron or steel, sheet ~luminurn or metal alloy

! i of suiluble l~nrdness and strength, perfornted sheet iron, erpnndecl :

nletnl, flnttened expanded rnetnl, wire r~nd Irurdwrre cloth. 1 Eapnnd3cl metul, fl nttened expunded a~etnl, perfon~ted sheet metal,

and wire ~nisl l or hardware clot11 used for rntproofing slrould meat tlre ~ ~ l u x i ~ n l u ~ r opening requirealents, as define?.

I I bfi~ii~nurn tl~icknesses of r~itproof mnterialn for various arena m y be : I found in c l~nr t for111 in nppendix A.

l ' l~rougl~or~t Llris section of the Ila~~clbook, the gnuges of n~etol or sheet 1netn1 specified refer to iro~r only. '1\7ren a l u m i ~ ~ u m is substi- tuteil for irorl, it s l ro~~ld Iru\-e u tlrick~rrss by the n r o a ~ l Le Slrnrpe gauge *

I I ---A ..-C-.

OICLUI*. - iro~r. For exlr~liple, ulurilillurll of 16~gui1ge (nrown & Sl~urlre) is suitnble to replrrce irou of It)-yuugu (U.S. Stul~dard).'

4. ACCEPTABLE NONRATPROOF MATERIALS. Certuhi nonnatpruof . nruterials are strtisfuctory ia ratproof nrens provided thnt tlie boulrdu- 8 M 6 h l M I

ria0 and uliscellrneous giinwiug edges ure flusllecl, ns defined. I\'l'ood w MO O ~ S M I * * C a l t ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ U ytg . uncl ilrorgaaic co~npositiolr nlsterinls tire nccel)tallu r~riilcr tlte follo\v- a ~ . ~ * 1 ~ ~ ~

I

I ing conilitione : I

11. Wuocl slioultl be dry or suawneil, ri~itl frcu of \\.ItrlJS, t;ljlit+, u i~d knote. l'lywootl slroillcl be rwill-bounrlc? nlid writerproof. '

b. Inotgaoio collrl~ouitiolr slreets rrlrtl ~)rraels sllo~lld be relubvely stmag, hrrrd, nnd \\.itlr surhces 11-lricll nre s~rrootli nnd rcsistnnt to p a w i n g of rats. II list of iicceptelle nonrillproof nukerials may bu oltni~ied from uiie of tlie Public Ilenltll Service oniccj listed. If

I 11 new 11111terirrl is ilrleedetl for b~se, the nearest P11l)lic EIerrltli Survice 1 oflice s11oriIil be colrtr~ctccl i r ~ orilcr In irlitiate al~proval lbrocerl~~res. c. Certriir~ colnyositiori sl1cet.s alrd ~)nlrels ivl~icli clo uot lrlucl b rrlove

. . liruy I)u,i~i~lilu acceptirble by beirig 111ettr1-lea~i~~utcil or faced or) one ..ClIOU SL(1101(

sido with 24-gauge sliwl 111ot:~l. Arlolliec r~letlrotl is to face boll1 sides of st~cli colnposition slieots or ~jrlrelu \vitIl 24-gauge shwt metal RATPROOF E XEMPI SHEATHING

or n I~nrc! s!!rI!!cetl :ol:ipositior~ ~ l i ~ ~ t e r i i ~ l . -1II i~~uterinls irk iiris cate- ngur. 18

gory ure sul~ject to Public I-Iealtlr Service nlll~rovrrl for il~clusioo orr i - - the ncceptlille rrorrr~rt l)roc)f r~lrrterirrls list.

A cliurt ilrdir~rtirlg ~uiaiaruln tli iclcnesses of acceptable nonrutproof airitcrial~ for v~lrious al.ei\y 1111iy bo fo~liitl in ~iljpeutlix B.

Ceuients, putties, plastic sanling conrpounda, loud nnd other soft n~~iterials or ~rirrterialu criprrlle of being gnntretl tlirougli and subject to breaking loose sllould not tm used ill lieu of rutpl-oofing mnterinls to close anloll 01)eninb.s. Finn, Iinrcl setting mnteririls used to close open-

I i n p around cilbles within ferrules aro subject to upprovnl by the field ! irrupector.

j Fiberboerilu 111iiI plnutcrh~trdu urs gonertllly ~ i o t ~~owptuble non- r~btproof rnatorials.

I 5. RATPROOF-EXEMPT SURFACES. No~rrntproof shentlibrg need n d ratproof when placed flus11 ngniast, or 11ot more than three- fourths inch from steel plnte, or flusli uguinst ratproofing materiul over insulution. Overl~ippirrg joilrts or ~niniriltim tliicknessas ltre not necea- yury for slieritliilig SO p l ~ ~ c e d (see fig. 18).

Woodelr-screen bulltliet~rlu !iced uot be rst1)roofucl when plnced flusli crgiiinst, or not n~ore tliun tlrrce-fourtl~s inch f ro~u , steol plnte or rat- 1moofi11g ~nriterinl, or so co~istructed tllnt tlre screen bulkhend is oli ut leiist 4-ilrcll vei-ticnl benrors, ternlili~rteu lit lerist U iliclles ubove tlie deck or otlrer Iiorizontrrl lcrlgu \vliicl~ rilny be l e l ~ i a d or iatersect i t ,

. I and the top of the screen is extended to \vitllin three-fourths inch of li tlre cleck-Irerid, but is not erte~lcIed illto the bosooia of the bannis, girdam, ,:

or bl-uclretu (see fig. 11)). 1W1er1 so colistrtlctetl, overlapping joinb in i tlre screen brrllrheud 1r1.e not nocesstiry. From a rntproofing atandpoiat, this type of scree11 bulklleutl is prefernble to metul-slrentlred or flnahed types.

Single subdivisionel bulkheads between two rut-tight. areas need'. not h rntproofed.

IATPROOF EXEMPT SCREEN l U L K H E A D

P I P E - - P E N E T R A T I O N OF

EXPANDEU METAL OR WIRE M E S H

PIPE W l f H N O I N S U L A T I O N P I P E W I T H III~MAX. I N S U L A T I O N

P I P E WITH OVER I/Z- I N S U L A T I O N C O L L A R P L A T E S AT V E N T W C T S B R O K E N A T B H D ,

IUU(HCAD PENEfllAIIONS

Rpura 11

- - R A M S IU WAY OF JOINTS fuRR1q 11

PLAHS IN WAY OF STEEL BUDS

LININGS AND BUU(HEA0S IN RAIPROOC ARRAS i :

Rpurr 1 2 . .i.

1 2 Go ir0aa1 mat

aha. non -#a lp roe1 Bhd, n o n - r m l p r o o l I.UI~. H

P L A N S FOR D O U B L E PIRTITIONS

? L A W S F O R S I N O L E P A R T I T I O N S

I W a I . Nan-ro lproa l

I a1

I h

18qa.w1ra mash

ELEVATION OF LININO IN PUBLIC P L A N S O F LIMINB SPACCI WHERC PEFORATLO OR CQLIO F L E X I B L E ASBESTOS-CEMENT

~r C O R N E R S

S H E E T I S USED

LININGS A N D OULKllEADS IN RATPROOF AREAS

Parltltan nan- ra8p roa l

~ t l l l (U ln .1

// '%

Sha l l ' Shal l P L A N S A 7 S H E L L L l N l N O

~ / 4 * ~ l o a . In tu lo l lcn

Shall or bltd.

P L A N S

P l A N S

OF L I N I N G S d o w a r 1/*-

LININGS A N D BULKHEADS IN IATPROOf AR lAS

Rluro 24

The deck covering over i~rsulation thicker than tlrree-fourths inoh in rutproof arens slroirld be ratproof. To rutproof, t l ~ e ineulation should be completely covered with 18-gnuge expanded .metal, '18- to ., i 20-gauge flcittenetl, expanded metnl, or 16-gauge steel-wih cloth ir) .

DETAIL AT MON- DETAIL AT RATPROOF BHD. RAT PRcOF BHD.

Jli & A . M IN sueti nrlrk MUHDIP v

r a O O r l N 6

ruttl uc14i sorr11 RAT hWHrG

7. HULL AND SUPPORTS. IIorizontnl stiffeners, including struc- 1

refl.igw1.s ted sprrceu. I

- turd members over doo~s nnd cnrgo poi-ts, slrould be instnlled toe dowr wherever pmcticnble, to elinlinnte tho pnrtially hidden area fornletl ,belrillcl lire flrr~lye \\.lren i t is l)I:~cerl toe up.

" .I - !..A - ,:-.. .

When mesh nraterinl is essentinl, it mu)- be placed just above the in- yulntion, or witlrin or between Inye13 of the covering material (see fig. . 26).

Permnnent flooring with a void beneuth greuter than three-fourths

!

. ' :.

: ilrcll nlust be 11rade rntproof by flusl~ing nll pnlving edges and collar- I

ing 1111 penetrntions lenving no openings grenter than one-half inch. i F l w r i ~ ~ g of cotlcretc or of lrnrd cotnposition rn~rterinl over void0 con- F .

tai~ri~ig i~isulatior~ thicker thnn tlrree-fourtirs inclr, slrould be not less 1, tlinn 2 irrcliev Illick, ~irlcl d ~ o r ~ l d be ~-ei~~for.cccl with large-mesh ~nnterial. M l e ~ r 11 lloori~lg consists of n l~tyer of collcrete nnd n lnyer of cornposi- ti011 mubriul, the concrete slloi~ld be nt lenst 1% inclrm thick, and one of llie 1nye1-s sl~ould be reirrforced. In all cnscs, the cove a t the bound- aries, 111rd tlie curb 01. slle~tthing above the flooring and $luting, slrould be latproofcd. \Ylien tlie bulklrend sl~eatl~ing is nlr acceptable non- rulpruof ~~rciterinl ~uld t 11el.e are o p e r r i ~ ~ ~ r greater tlrnn one-ilall inch between tlle hottor11 of tho bulkl~end sl~eathing nnd the stsel deck, the

.

'I

;

cove of the flooring slrould l o rutproofetl by plncing 18-guugo wire 1neu11 (18- to 20-gn11ge flnttened metril, or 10-gauge uvpnlrded metal will be ncceptnble) 4 inches into, or on the bottom of, tlle'composition 11

flooring nnd extending it up 1 inch above the bottom of the gn~wing edge of tlre bulkllend slrent hing (see fig. 6). I f the bulkhead sheathing ' is en acceptnble nonrntproof material and there are no openings greater than one-lralf inclr bet wee11 the bottom of the bi~lkhend sheathing and the eteel deck, rntproofing nt llle core of the flooring ie not required (see fig, 27).

Portnble flooring, ~vlrether solid or open type, sl~ould be i ~ r ~ections

'

,/ '1

ii i. I

01 euclr size nnd weight ns to be easily Iinnclled. ' When a lloist iq not ,

available, the portnble sections should not exceed 30 qua re feet in.rmn llor 190 poulids in \s.eight. \Vhen n lioist is nvnilnble, enclr section ehould be less thnn 76 square feet in nren and slrould be provided

.

with n flus11 ring or other menns for tlie nttacllment of n hoist cable. I

DETAILED RATPROOFING i .. 'I

HOORlNO AND DECK COVERING IN RATPROO? AREAS

-ConTlNUOUS DECK = T O O L ) nM

coNrlHuOU5 F L A T E)AR OR

?lQORINO IN RAlPROOF AREAS

Hgun 17

, . or clme nppronch of several stnlctaral n~crnbsrs Annot bo w i l y inepocted lllu s p r e slroultl be e~~rlosetl (see fig. 28).

! 8. 1iGiiiENii.iG riOiES AND iiOiD SPACES. ~~g i l l~c i i c lg Irolw, when ' used as n cllennu of ope~~ ing spnces trucl ~nnking s~~rfacos visible, ehould b e~nployd ouly where tiley open tlre spice sl~niciently to make it w i l y visible, tllus imnttructive to rnts n s rr nesting place. In no crlse slrould tlre c u t t i ~ ~ g of l i g l r t e ~ ~ i ~ ~ g lloles be recommended where the

I strength of rrtntcturnl members will be atiected ndversely.

i chai~l lockem or ln~llts n ~ ~ d between the brensthooks, nnd epacea opened I i Void or concenled splices, euch ns cofferdnms, spaces around the .

open to ligllt, or ndequntely ratproofecl. Such a spacs, wliw intended . 1' ; by lightsuing lloles, either shoeld be mncle accassible, easy to illepst, ,

for tlre ato~vnge of clunnngc, geer, or n~iscellnneot~s inaterial, should be

I encloeed rrrlrl provided ~r . i t l l Ili~~yed entr~rllce doui.rr or manl~ole coVON, 1,

- I with mencis of secl~ring them. Such doo~v nncl manllole covexa ehould ; be llingecl at the top n11d shot~lcl he self-closing. If made of meall

or aheet metal crimped orer edges. Dn~ in or ventilntion lrolea or

I. mnterinl, the cut eclpes sllould be ssubstnntinlly bound with steel barn I

: slob in solid sl~uet-rrretnl skirts nrountl void spuces sllo111d beno greater I t l~nn oue-lral F inclr (See fig. $9.). I

Void spncas aluttnd, a~icler, ~\nd over tcl~rks Cnd other fixtul.ao should 1 be left open, i f envily inspwtnlle from nt least two aides. T h b do- .

i' not npply in food-stornge nncl food-prepnrntion nrens, lvllere all 'void . spaces s l~o l~d be sealed (see fig. 30):

I

9. INTERIOR FOUNDATIONS. Other thrrn in ec~gine boiler and f l ~ n rooms, 111u ~;ISI!Y u~ld fo~~r~c l~~ t io~r s of n~nclrit~ery n11i1 eq~~iprneut in both '

r n t t r r n r r f 111111 1 . 1 1 t - t i 1 r I 1 t 111'1'115 s1ho1110 I)&- (l~a.ii~l~\e(\ a11t1 i11st1111~d 80 ns to 51'

~ ~ ! l l : ~ j ~ ~ , ~ j i i i [ i ~ i l : l ! ; : ~ 1 . ' . 1 ; .

-L . . # I , 1 ie iiiiii1lii/l ii/~l;!il~l];!iii/$ij!~!/i~i~j/I~:~"l,., ; ;;!; j [ i j !w!;i . . ~ ~ ; i i s ~ ~ i i!:i \ : : ! ! ! I f 1 2 ~ 3

A. .-.. .. .

OFENTRY ONLY. . RATPROOFING

i '

SECTION A-A .

E R NOTE

I T H STEEL VOID OR CONCEALED SPACES OPENED BY LlOHTENlNG HOLES EITHER SHOULO BE YAOE ACCESSIBLE, E A S Y TO INSPECT, *NO CPEN TO LIGnr, OR

ELK OVER SHOULD BE ADEPUATELV RAlPROOfEO.

STEEL PLATE STIFFENERS IN FOREPEAK OR AFTER PEAK I .

AT ALL PECTAELE' .VOIDS

BUYtKAD

! i . .

VOlOS I N WAY OF IAIPIOOFING AT UNINSPECTAILE LTIIUCTUIAL POCKET INOEPENOENT TANKS

Flgurr I 8 I !

eliminate any partinlly enclosed epnces. Open-type etructural steel fou~ldntio~ia nre p1-eferl.ccl. Wlioro liglituniny I~oleu aro not euflciu~lt etmtions, by pips, through the covor 811 olosad to within one- to permit inspection und ndditiorial lighteni~ig lioles cunnot be cut, the fourt11 ir!cl~ ou all sides. ' ! exieting opeaing eliot~ld l~ cloyed to \vill~in oue-l~ulf i~lclr with a t louet 1 1. WOODEN CARGO PADS. Wooden cargo pude in goneral-oarp

'

'

22-gauge sheet met.al, I n iormnissn1-j spaces, all foundatiolia ehould llolds slloulcl be i~istlllled in direct contnct with the tank-top or on I

I be completely closed. three-eig!!tl~s inch, flat bur benreru. I n no c ~ s e el~oilld tlre space be- Ope~i i r~gs beheen tlie top ef box foilndntiolls uud the bnse of ma- tween tlie crwgo p41d n ~ i d the tunk-top be p e n t a r tlrnu tl1t.e~-fourtlis

chieery oxmding one-l~alf ii~clt sliould be n~tpl-mfed (see fig. 31). i~rcli. 1\11en tlliclcer b e r r e ~ s nre, ~~lncecl ilnder n cnrgo pnd, tlre space 10. STEEL TANK-TOP IN LOWER HOLD. IVllero fensiblo, tlie steel ill ekcess of three-fourths inch shoultl be filled witli nsplinlt cament, 11;-top sl1011ld be exte~lcled to Llic sl~il)'s sitle, to uvoid 1110 crent io~~ or b i tu~~i ino i~s tnnteri111, or other 111.teri.1 ~vliirl, is impa,etnble by /: nn open bilge spllce nnd Llle uertl to iost~lll R bilge cuilieg. Pipes rets. Cnrgo rnmps ~ h o u l d be constructed of steal plate; Iiowever,

n t the sliipts side can be protected by bnttens. Coverplabs over open if l~ooden, they slloiiltl be coin~~letely co\-ered' \\-it11 11-gnuge sheet drainwells sllould .be perforutd or slotted, wit11 IIO oyetungs greater metnl when the spnce hnerlttr is greater t l ~ n l ~ three-fo~~rtlls inch. th111i oae-hnlf inclr. Opeili~lgs illto tlie tll .r~ir~\~rlt \.oitl rirorr~lil the Wwdeil c~irgo puds over cork illsull~tio~l ill refriprtlnltetl-cargo lioltls

59 pc~.i~neter of the cover shorlld I)e closed to \villliil 0110-llnlf inch. Pen- sl~ould he nt least 2% ilrcll tl~icli tongue-~rnd-groove or sliiplnp, n~ ld M)

WTAUI WATER 'on orncn -1 IM TAYUC MAVIN0 A O~CCCROAM E t r n E n OVER 011 UYOER

PLAN A T DECK

LlGH 1tNlMO n o c E

8EE MOTE I E L O W SECTION 1-1

LAQ;CIS OPENINQ ICE MOTE Z I E U I W

N O r E l OPEN TVPC FOUNDATlOli COHSTRUCrlON IS PREfERASCE BUT Y PLATE C o n s T n u c r l o n , *a WOWM, IS USED r n E ~OCLOWIMG RATPROOFIMQ YEALU~CS U I E REQUIRLD' L LlQHrENlYJ HOLES ARE TO BE CLOSED WITH 1/2' MAX. OPENINGS MESH MATERIAL

AS MOTE0 ON T A M E S A TO L INCLUSIVE. 2.ACCESS OPENINGS TO I E FITTED WITH 1/2' MAX OPmlNGS MESH PANELS

HI~GEO AT r o P WITH A nor ip MARKER s r A T l N a *10 IE UEPT CLOYO FOR RATPROOFINO PURPOSES EITHER OH THC PANEL on IN r n E UIMEOIATL VlClNlTY THEREOF.

VOID SPACES

sl~ould~be bound wit11 steel. I t is preferable t l~ut 18-guuuge or hellvier steel-wire clot11 be plriced between the, ceililrg nnrl the cork, but a ceiling witll tightly fitted sliipl~lp or cnullied butt joillts is ucceptable (see fig. 8.2).

12. CHAIN 'LOCKERS. Cllr~in lockers sl10111d be so designed to retain utly r ~ d s \vlliclt ~nigl\t enter Ijy wny of the cl\niu pipe. The bulklrer~rl surrou~rding tlre locliar slro~~ld be of rnetnl, and sl10111d linvo no holes

. larger ~ I I I I I I ol~e-llc\lf illcll. h bullcltentl divicli~r~ tl\u locker into hvo 61 . . l l l l l ~ l . l ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t s llectl not I J ~ ~.~rt~~~*oofc-cl . E I ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ c doors i l l to P c l tn i l l

OlUr E O U l P n EHf HOT O N L H C L O S W Ih*IDLTlOML MUST raw C " H I N ~ ~ U ~ C U A I L W ~ ~ ~ L T W C L H LDWL)i H O I I I Z O N T A L F M I N G gUl0R AH0 f l N l S h C P OELYo

I

locker, and lightening lioles into the spnce on encll side of tlie locker, should be of n~tproof construction. I.

Whuu tlie cllni~l-stornge space is rot pnrtitiotled from the forepeak, the entire spnua sl~oulcl be consideved the clrnin locker, and any i t o r - .' age lwlie~s Irxri tell hi this space slro~~ld be rntyroofecl.

13. DOORS. Doors of ncceptnble rionn~tproof ~nnterinl which lend illto r11tl)roof lireas sl~ould be closely fitted, and covelac1 on the outaicle

- .

WOODEN CARGO PADS .' I

or IIJSIOL : PUIJIM of wF*i& WACS.

FOR CARGO DOOR5 ,ONLY HOT REQUIRED FOR SHIPS SERVICE DOORS

. . - . - - or Iw. Tlris limitntion is not essel~tinl for ent~ilnce doom to toilets; brtlrruoulu, und wnrt l rok \vitlrin tl~ese sl)uces. 1

\ llecesses for slitliag dw~s slloi~ld be nltproofed (see Bg. M). . 14. WINDOW CASINGS. Window cnsings in double Galls or bulk-

Ireudr sIio1rl(l bo of tight cor1strl1tti~11, 111111 pnfer~tbly of ~tmtal. If / rrot rlilproof, tlrert, sl~orild LH1 no 6j)t~ce l~irget* ilrn~l one-lrulf illclr be- t w e a the wii\rlow srsh or glnss nad the etlga of tlre olmlling, whether tlicr winclo\v is ope11 or closed. For rr \rinclo\v \vhiclr does not elide

011 eacl\ sidu of tlre snslr or glass, to nvoid llrr o l~n i i l g exceeding one- ilr n tight groove, this openiag slloultl be limited t,o one-fourth inch

lrnlf irrcll \vheli tlre \yintlo\v shifts to one sicle. Tlrie is not nccessnry .

if tlru \\-i~ltlow \\ell is rlitproof. For 11 \vi~rdo\r sash \vhiclr does not drop to \vitlrio we-lurlf irlcll of the well, 11 rc~novuble inspection panel .

slroirlrl LH) provided. Windows t l r l i t slide I~orizontrilly into a cloirble i \veil or bu~k~rcnd s1i~i1111 j~tlss into s pocket const~uctecl ilr tI1e snnre I 111a1\uur 11s Llre wi11tlo\v wall recolrralentlec\ ubove. . .

I

WOR TO 5 T w A G t 3PAr.LS - c;drsr\rjcr o b o ~ TO STOWAGL JPhCtSm I LlVlUG I PUDLIC SPACIS

W ' l M I u IN& A m 6 SPACIS. I . . . ' ' 5 . I. . BATPROOF DOORS

lotrer edge wit11 I 6-iaclr aide strip of 23-gtiugs or lreuvier sllwt luehl. Door c r l ~ i n p dioultl be i~rdrllkx\ ill corrforn~n11ce with item Bc (m fig. 33).

Construction lroles \vlricl\ n1uy be loft ill the top and lotton1 edges of p~mfulrricated n~etal doo~v u e d ltot be rittj,rooftrl.

Slots ill louvelu, 1t11cl Ilie spuce Imt\\.reri tlte sill nncl tile bollo~ii of

63 crlt ~ I ~ I I ~ W ~ I u ~ I ? ~ 1111tl of tilbo~s \v i t t i i t l I i r i11~ ~ I I I ~ ~ I ~ I S , i li~Iit~g ~ O O I I ~ S , ltrltl . .. . ..

OPEN N P €

L ~ C E S S E S FOR SLIDING WATTR-TIGHT DOORS

SClUARh 0Un WOOD JOINT

- CON~PLETE COVERAGL OR LNAWING t o ~ t s TO ar fL4SHLD W l I H SMLCT METAL

OLCH

Y J T L - PPLX.4::ENT BALLAST SHFATIED

TOUGlJE -AND-LROOVE OR WITH A 2" H I N . U Y E H OF

SNIPLA? W O O 0 RElhFORCED CONCRETE OR CE?IL:.I' bIOR'CAR NEEDS NO hU0- I T?O;; '.L RATCROUFINC.

WEATMING ABOUT PERMANEN1 BALLASI

15. BALLAST. Por~llnnent bnlluvt sl~ould he so i~lstrrllcd us to nvoid the crentio~~ of a rnt I~arbruge. Solid block, glavel, or snnd b~tllgst uhould be cu~nl~letoly slkeallrcd willr v Isyer of ruilrforcd cor~crulu or cellrunt ~~rur ta r ot uduq~~~rto l l ~ i c l c : ~ ~ ~ . 1Voc~lc11 olleatlri~~y for pur- manelit grtivel, sand, or block balllrst slioulcl Le at le~tst 2% irlclres thick in finished eize. Sllentlling co~nposecl of to~~guu-and-groove or shiplap planking need not be covered \ritlr n~et t~l but tlre grrnwing edges a t the perimeter must be flnslled, ns defitled (see fig. 35). IIot-i- zontal sur fncev on wlrich airgo is plnced, pn 12 ic1111~rIy 1111der c~rrgo Iratulrcw, ~Iloi~Icl bu covo~vtl willr stwI plate. TIio l i~ri~rg IJ€ 1ict:w9 I I ~ I L I I -

lbole wolls ehoulil be ~utproofcil in tlre sllllle Irlnnner, a ~ ~ d tlre cclgcs of tllu co\.c~-tr of t l r w wells sllol~ld be. co~rrplrtelr bountl wit11 I(l-grii~gu or hellvier slleet nletnl. Stri~cturnl steel nngls slloirld Le usetl a t vul- nenrble coiners in cnrgo holds.

16. SKYLIGHTS. Skylights ill fwd Iluncllilrg, l~repnrution, s t o m p or service nmns sllo~~ltl be screeaed rvitll Y~-~II ' - I I 111es1r steel-wire clotll of a prugo suited to tlio trprlr, splice, rrntl erl)osi~l.e, but in rro clise loss than 18 gauge. Copper or utller corrosion-resistnnt inscct screens, though necessary in these nreus, tire r~ot r~~tproof .

17. MANHOLES. AInnlrole p~.otection corers 01. g~arcls, prcfcrehly slror~ld Le n~nde of steel plate, \\.it11 110 o l ) e ~ ~ i ~ t g prenter tl111n one-lr~rlf itlrlr. 1Vl1e11 1111itIe of \i.oo(l, I I I I ~ tvlle~r I I I ~ ~ void ~1~1iccs crciltetl WIIL*II . . . , a .I . I r . I : . . I . :.. .. .... . I ; ,.,,,,, .

COVER PLATES M I MANHOLES .

sion, the entiro inside s l lo~~ld be li~letl 'with %-gauge sheet metal. ' Only Ilnsl~i~rg of ilre gn~kwing edges \rill be required.if tnnye-and- groovu or ply\vootI is 11uoi1 (see fig. 30).

I 1:

SERVICE FACILITIES-PROTECTION FROM DAMAGE 1 18. GENERAL. Servim fucilitiea guclr 11s pipes, cnbles, and ducts ,.

~l~oillcl, w l~e~~ovc~- ~)ntctic~iblo, be prolcctctl will\ open, elot-typo bar- , rieru, latlier llrnn with box or errclosctl types. i

19. BATTENS. Stcul Ilat bnr, Irnlf-round bur, ahannul, or ma10 bnl tells riru l~~.eferreil, Lu t \\*oodon Lnt tells n1.e acceptnble. Bgttenr ulroulcl be so instnlled ns to for111 rro trouglls or pnrtinlly hidden p k e t e

i over slr11cti11-1rl rnelnk~s, cnbles, or \vila\vn~ cnsings. Steel or wooden bnttel~s slioulcl Be nt le~ut 2 illclles apart, nnd nt Iawt 2 inches from I r t l j o i~ r i~ r i or i l k l e ~ i d . Spree Let \veon them should be rum-

1 1 I - cicnt to ~ I I S I I I . ~ visibility, but ~is\*ur less t l l l r ~ r tlro \vicltlr ot the batten, !'

escupt in t 110 cnso of v u ~ - t ic111 I ~ n t tells. 'l'lrero sl~oi~lcl be r i splice of nt le~rst 2 inclres ktiveen the batteu h r e r 1 .

rlrrtl the ~u r f r~ce beir~g protected. Uattens slloi~ld have n minimum , I cleirrn~rce-of 6 inches from tlre deck, escept tlrat the cargo fa'ce, i f , vertical, 1111iy cxto~rcl to tlre cleclc. Yertic.111, clrsnnel-imn pipegunrcls ,

1111tl cltsely ntljoi~li~rg nnglo-iron pipeii~artls \vhiclr ex tend to the deck . or til~rk l o l ~ slroi~ltl 1r11t.e 11alf:circle inspection holes at the bottom of : 1 1 1 ~ gllll~~tl.

Ilorizo~rt:il btitte~ru slioulcl llrlve 11 ~ l l i ~ l i ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ r l clear~i~lce of 0 inches 11bot.e tlie tleclc or tn~ik-Lop wlliclr tlrey pnrnllsl (me fig. 37).

I !

20. PLATE GUARDS. IVido plute glriirds nre genernlly undesirnble, I,c.c-;i~~so tl~cy esvlr~tle l i ~ l ~ t , i~lterfer.~ tvit lr inipectiou, llicle rat nln\vnys, b6

FLASH LONGITUDINAL EDGES OF WOOD BATTENS WITH 16 GA. 3HEET MLTAL CHANNEL '/a* L E G S

AT TONNAGE OPEISING

. POKTABLG BATTEN

r -

AT SHIP'S 510E A7 EXPOSED SHEATH\NG WHERE ~ C P U I I C O FOR SH6!AlH)MG pmo-racTlou.

BATTENS

loenled. *ad should be proridad with sitfficisnt lightening holes to . \ ' 'I ovel.c;urrre these objections.

Sandeirctilar, Ehnnnel, not\ angle-type guarcls, when in a horizontal ' l~wit io~\ , dtot~ld L. toed dotvn uild so plueed ns to hide no surface ' 1 1 I v n n I i i . Cll~tn~lels itnd angla i. u l~ori- ~ a i t ~ t l pusitial al~utild not be toed up, t~~llcsr ills ledge c ~ b d by the

l o r o r ilango iu rc~udily visible. Clin~lnels sllould not be used where' tliov hitla tlie i11)l)er surbce of, or s p t a betscsn, horizontal pipa, crtGeu and si~lriiar upl)t~rte~:nnces. . .

Prutectivb covers for henting pipgs or coils, and for kickplatu in ' \VI)J uf doois, sliot~ld IIUL exte~ld to t11a deck, ]lor horizontnlly belienth :

tllu pipn ur coil. It. is prafrlwbla tbnt pmtrcti\.a covels for p i p ter- : a~inilto ut loi~st D i~tclies above the dsl;, nntl t h t they be'opn a t both j I . If co~sl,leto cnclosore is necessary, there should La no holm ? . is 1110 ca~si~lg I ~ i g w t1111r 011s-11nlE inch (pee fig. 38).

21. WIREWAY AND CABLE GUARDS. Wire~vay and cable guards of t l ~ e ~scinl-lutr t.yl)o &lo prefeluble, fmrn 11 n~tpraofing. stuadpoint. Tlluy slio111d lba i~~slnlletl ~vllerevar tba lofntiu~~ of the cnble or wire- ally is such no to crcltte no rat l u rbo lup nsd d m not prevent the - inlslbw~ioa of Lllv iup uf LIio n.ir6c.y. I!: p!!~eeq ~Lrr I~arbornge L crr?ntcd, tlle cl\lbls ur ivirerruy shoiild be e n c l d In n rntpmof casing.

KICK P U T € FOR PI*

PROTECTION GUARDS F O R SERVICE FACILITIES

Ror-typa guards tilror~ld be coastnded of llnm not over 2 ilrches in width, wlrich are so pluced n s to linre n clea~*rr~rce between b~rrs of 2 to 4 inches. In no crlse slrould the clesnllrre betweerr balv ut the side be lass thatr 1% inch-. Tlle cnbles should be so placed tllut tlre top of enclr lnyer is opposite the top of n bar. The crtblos slroulrl be in groups, prefernbly not more tlrnn 8 inches wide, wit11 nn openilrg of nt leest 2 inches between groups. l'lre slots tlrus cl-errted slrorrld tm above ench other wlrere tlrere nre suvornl Inyelu of cables, and llre ban ' which form the unrlelsicle of llle wi~-e\\.~t)- gunr~l slrould rot. bu hlow.these slots (see fig. 30) .

Clrsing~t~pe wimway or crible p a r d s slroi~ltl be of adcqrlute st ~en~a l r , rrnd of materiul suitnble to tho spnm in ~vhiclr ir~stalled. hlclal casir~gs are preferred, but nonrulproof ~nnlcrinls r1r.e suitable, in glrssageways a i d similar spucas.

Wirenny cneings should consist of port~rble secliolrs. T l ~ e wciglrt alrd sizo of euclr set-tiolr, and tlre lnetlrod of rrttuclrme~rts, slroultl bu tluclr us to hcilitute ~xalovrl and replacerrre~rt.

Cnsinp sl~uuld ertdrrd conti~luorrsly t l~rougl~ nttproof borrlrd~rrics or double bulkl~etrds; otlrerwise, tho ol~ulrilrgs ill tlrese bulkllearls, tlrrouyll \vhiclr tlru crrblcu l~asu, rrlror~ld bu I-r~tl~roofcd.

Cable and wireway cnsings and junotion bores slrould be plucecl at leciet 0 inclles ~tbove tho finivlred clwk, or the sprtco sl~orlld l o ntl 1,roofutl.

At llle declcl~end, wire\ray ulsilrgs \vlriclr rre ~)nrrrIleI to tlru ~ C ; L I I I S

J ou ld lu plltced as recoall~~e~rded for velrtilatilrg turd I~errtil~g ducts i ~ r i b ~ n 25. Tllove casilrgs \rl~iclr nre below, ulrrl run tr~r~~sversely to, the deokl~eud beu~xur drould tenninnte w t the lower eurfrtce of Llru ilcclc- head beams, and ellould not extend into tlre spnce bet\\-eerr bewnu.

NOTE : D I M C N S I ~ N *A. SMOULD BE S U C H AS TO PERMIT VISUAL INSPPCTIO~J OF THE ENCLOJ &D SPACE .

mD.m f D6CK

.. . . ALL AROUN 0

NOTE - THOUGH OPEK TYPE CONSTRUCTIOS I S PREFERRED VERTICAL C W W E L GUARDS HITIIOUT IKSPECTION IIOLES HAY BE INSTALLED PROVIDIKC fa RAT HARBORAGE I S CREATED

69 CASINGS FOR WIREWAYS

Cables slrould onter cusinga through nipplea or stuffing tubes. Sheet '

rnetnl collara sl~ould be installed at suclr penetrntions of expanded nletnl if tlrere are ope~drgs greater than one-half inch.

SERVICE FACILlTlE%INSTALLATlONS

22. GENERAL. Sumice li~jes sl~ould be instolled in euch r manner as to lrvoid c l ~ ~ l i l l g rat Ir~rrbornges nnd spaces which cannot be in-" spwted nscl clunned.

VERTICAL PIPE GUARD no-RIZO~TAL AP~E d u r ~ ~ s

PIIOTECTION GUARDS FOR SERVICE FACILITIES

! ~ ; : ~ ; ~ : i ! : : [ I l . ; ~ ~ : ! * i : i ~ : l 'iiiia.i!!.,' . ~ ~ a ~ . l l ~ ! ! ! ~ ~ ~ ! i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ! ~ i t : ~ l ~ ; ~ ! : ~ l ! ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ! ~ i l i ; i ~ ~ ~ i j ~ ~ ; ; ~ ; : ~ : ! . "ilj[i.!l]'l/il I;,: : l l~~! l~ ' iu l~~i i i~~ ' i l l : . . i : i . l i ; i im:ii;l $ ! : I : i ' 1 - j i I I 1 1 , ~ Il'h(ii iil,ja;i I l i & ~ U i b l Lu[; I I '~ i z i i i i iii18~L iI;i!ii;l

Most eervice-line illstallntions should be left open. . I n e r e ullin- a p t a b l e a n w are creatad, tlie need for r a t p ~ w f i ~ i g will hafe to e~ determined with due eortsiderution of sudl f u c h s nh the amount of liyllt above tho service lines, the space existing beti\leon them, ~illd whutller or not any of the lines o r rrcljrrce~lt fixtures nru ir~sulaterl.

Wlloll ratproofing is necessary, service lines slloi~ld l>e completely snursed. When e~lclostrres are necessnry in pnssngownys, the fncil- itiw should be placed high enolrgll to pcrrrlit tlio irist~illutio~~ of

! portrrble inspection panels. ' .

CEILINGS IN RATPROOF AREAS I

A11 penetriitioas (by p i p , crrbles, \vire\\.uy, arrcl dr~cts) of bulk- I~eads, decks, declilrerrcls, aad pnrtitions wllicll form tho bounclnrieu of ratproof spnces, sliould be rntproof. Criterin for I I I I L X ~ I ~ ~ ~ I I I ~ ope~lirlk-, aa dufined, slroulcl be follo\setl (see fig. IT, 46, n~rd 46). 23. , PIPES. All exposed pipes, except ia PI-opelli~rg nnd tiuxilinly

~naclrir~ety s[Juces, slroulcl be it~sttdlctl ~trvrry fro111 cornols, stiffcnors, I bull!:c!~cltr, LOY~.B!I~S of I~cm,!rrs, bl~~rultotu, rrlld s i ~ ~ ~ i l s r lixlrrrcu. l'lluy

et~ould be kept st~lIicierttly spaced r v i l l ~ resl~ect to olio 1111otlrer to per- mit oclsy inupectioa. At lcast 2 i~lclrev sllor~lcl oxist bctwcu~~ ~) i l ) i '~ , nnd between n pipe nnd arty surfttce tltttt p~~~ir l lc lu it (see fig. 40).

When it is nocessnry to pluctl p i p a in coattrct \\.ill) olru anotlrer in 1lol.izontal layo~u, the grouping slloirld be li~~ritetl to 8 ir~cltuv irl \vitltIt, wit11 2 i~lclles between groups, Wlon these provisio~rs n1-a i~nprac- ticable, and uni~~spwtrrble 3111-faces nnd rtr t Ilnrborrrga are cmntcd, enclosure is required. PASSAGE WAY BELOW UIJINSPECTABLC

Horizontal pipes sllould La kept n t leust 8 inclles fro111 tlre deck LtRouP3 OF PIPES, CABLES , ETC. . or tank-top, and a sufficient dista~rce fro111 br~lkl~ends, sllenthing, n ~ i d

CLlllNG IN RATPROOF AREAS structures on deck to prevent crention of an tlni~rspectuble space.

24. CABLELELECTRIC, TELEGRAPHIC, AND MECHANICAL. Cablee flgum 41 . ' I .

in groups should be nttnclred directly to b r~ lkhe~ds or docklieads, or - - witlrin one-lralf irlcll of tlrem, \vlrerever ~>n~cticrrble. The gt~oupiag should be limited to 8 i~rclles in wicltll, rind there slrould be u spnco of a t lenst 2 inches between groups. Wlrerr ctrl~les itre iristrilled rrncl rtot enc~sed, the bucking plrrtar to \~lricll tlle clrbles lire n~ttilclred sllorrld be not more tllnn 8 inches \ ~ i c l e , with a 2-invll spaco bat useen pnri\llol plates (see Ag. 43).

W h e ~ i u ~ r open, inspwtuble type of ctrble inst ~rllat ioil is ilnpossiblu rind u rat lrnrbornge is crmted, tlre ctrbles slrol~ltl 1)e e~rclosed.

Wlle~l slleet-iroa collnls are instnllecl, they d ~ o u l d fit to within. I ! 1 one-fourtll iricll of the outer surfnce of the individuul ,cable o r group t. f c b l e JVlrctr yl~lced rlrol~~rtl n s i ta~vny, the lr~ner edge of the /' '

collar slror~ld be cut to conform to tlre outer su~&rce of the wireway. I\ strip of sheet lerrcl can be placed nr-ourid tlle cnble o r ~vilaway, as D s~lfeguard ngiri~lst the i~lsulution k i n g cut by the collar.

vibratiorr rr11(I c ~ r t . t i ~ ~ g (see fig. 20). tlio two I~i\l\~es of tlie c o l l ~ ~ r tiglrtly ilg~rirrst the urbles will

- - . Cables dlould plus ~lrrolrgl\ stufliilg tul~es, ~l r i~~rbles , or ~r i l~ples A lrcrivy ll~lirgu otr a strrfiillg box, ir \vrrsl~er bellind a nut, o r the

\rhel-ever they penetmte brrlkhends, clcckl~enrl~, I I I I ~ p w t i t iotrs, or erlter rut of a rripple, i f cover.irrg tlre gu~t\r.ing atlge of a penet~lrtion of j ! - IN .~ , I "-ira~rnv m ~ n r f l q nnt l nr~ll-. ~ I I ~ P - . n r s\\-itt~l~-hoxeu. T)irect r)tbrrc 11i11.d c.o~lrl)ouitio~~ 1111ltcrir11 nt leilst orle-fol~r.tlr inch, \\.ill provide

(rROUPlNG OF SEPVICE LINES R E Q U I R I M 4 RATPROOPINL

WPROOFING Nor R E Q ~ I R E D W H E R E RAr PROOF C c r L 1 ~ 6 5 ARC IH5TALL ED

DECK HEAD -

N W C A L INSIALLAIIONS OF SERVICE FAClLlIlES

Flgurr 4 1 i

! 25. VENTILATING, AIR-COOLING, AIR-CONDITIONING, AND HEAT- ING SYSTEMS. Biushroom nnd torpedo ventilntors in the superstruc- ture and deckhouses sl~oulcl be colrtinuous \ v l ~ e ~ ~ 1)nssiag tl~rough double bulklle~ids or decklleads. \\'lle~-e aecessaly, tile sleeve of the ventil~ttur sllould be estendecl by the adilitio~r of sllcet alotal.

I Penetr~ttions of n o ~ ~ r ~ ~ t p l * o o f bulkl~eads, t l e~ l i l l e~~t l~ , or s l ~ e ~ i t l ~ i n g

i ehould be collnl.ed. Air ducts eliould bo so constructed and loc~~tctl t l ~ n t nit lwrboruges

wil l not be created.. Tlley slloultl be c o ~ ~ t i ~ ~ u o u s wllen prssi~rg tllrougl~ double bullcllends nnd insulntion. S o n r r t p ~ ~ o o f ~nnterinls nre suituble

I for cert11i11 spaces otller tllu~i geaer;~l-cargo I~olr l~ , ibrovidcd 1lr11t ull f lawing edges n1-e Il~isbed. Air ducts \vl~icl~ trl~ve~.se 1l1e void sl~aco withi11 clolible b\~lltl~encls or c l ec l i l~~~t t l~ slrol~ltl I)e 1.111p1,oof.

Itectnnb'lrlar nir d~lc ts sl~ould be i~~slr~llccl eitlrer tigl~lly r ~ g ~ ~ i ~ ~ s t , or entirely nway from, decklleucls nnd b ~ i l l i l ~ e ~ ~ t l ~ , lo pernlit ins l~ect io~~.

I It not flush with the tleckllead pluti~lg, the iluct sllo~~lcl be s~~flicie~ltly below the clrckl~ead 11e1r11lv to 1)elmlit i ~ ~ s p e c r i o ~ ~ of I l ~ e till,, but i l l 110

cam less th1111 2 i~lclles \ v l ~ r ~ ~ the duct I.IIIIS 1)11l:\llel t v i t l ~ t l ~ c deck YIII , -

-. TYPICAI INSlAlLA1IONS OF SERVICE FAClllll lS . .

Flgutr 43

!

barns, but not Bus11 with the clecklreacl. Wit11 this nrra~~yernent, tlre al)nce.oll tlre sidu ~ l ro~r ld be ut lens1 10 irlcllev witle, I I I I ~ tlre splrccs rrbove Llro c u s i ~ ~ g ~ t t le~rst 3 to 4 inches, in order to perfirit i~rvpeclio~r (see fig. 13).

Spuces made uui~rsl)ectnlle by the arr~r~rgenlent of vealilali~lg or heating ducts.sBoulcI be co~~lplelely errclosed willr slrcet nletltl, or tlre need for rutproofing \rill hnvo to be delerrrtil~ecl tvitlr clue colrsiderut ion of such fucto13 us the nlrloi~nt of light ~lbovo t l ~ e service lines, the spuce exicrti~rg Ixt\rco~l t l ~ e n ~ , uacl \vlre~lrer or not nay of tile Illrev or ad- jacunt fixtures are i~rvulnted. Exp~rrrile~l rrrelal or wiru clotlr is suitulle in liou of sheel metal, except in clirgo sp~rces (see fig. 48).

26. SCREENING OF VENT OPENINGS. T I I ~ I I ~ ~ S , exlrarrsts, rind 011t- lets sliot~ld bo proteclecl by rntproof screeuing, ll~rlesv tlro oper~ilrg is equipped with 11 louver ia \\.lrich 110 s l o ~ or lrole is grcaler llrun olre- half ioclr. Illsect scrce~ri~rg is not s~rt.isfuc.~ol-y ur ~ . i t t l~roof i~~g (sea app. -4).

All gr11vily alrd forcetl-tlrtrft i~rtaliu lr~rtl exlri~ust o l ) e ~ ~ i ~ ~ g sl~ould 1)e r~ttproufetl. VI:III i11rli011 f11ciIilit:s s t : r r i~~g 11 s i ~ r ~ l c s1111t:e I I I : I * ~ l)t! r11l- 1)ruofu(l o~rly on llrr~t 01rt1 \vI~icIr is I I I O S ~ elreclive i ~ r preve~rtiag I~ur - burngo lor latu 111rt1 tlubrir, t1111csr 11 r.111 I ~ ~ t r b o n ~ g u is c~-t!~trutl i)y rt lrc~ri- zontol run of cluct. I)ucb extencli~rg fro111 lire \velrlller declc directly to the curgo Irolclrr, cagi~le r o o ~ ~ r , e11t1 boiler r o o ~ ~ ~ u , willr ~ r o Ilorizont~tl extw~sions, need 1\01 be ~alproofccl at eitller p ~ ~ t l . V c ~ r t i l ~ r l i o ~ ~ tenlri~tul o p e n i ~ ~ g s ill livi~rg ( ~ ~ ~ ~ r r t e r s , ili~lillg r00111s, 111rt1 otller j11111lic sj)~rceulreetl not be ratproofed, provided thnt they nre located irl tlre decklreud Irenr tho center of tlre spuca, IIIICI tllnt there ure ~ r o avelrrlrs of appronclr ulrd little likelihood of one being provided.

Veatil~lting ltooils ~ tnd ca~ropies slrould teralinnte fl~lslr \vitlr tlle cleclc- Iread and slloulcl be ~crce~recl 11s specifietl nbove. l'ipes, cebles, nir duak, nncl similnr features over tops of l~oods sl~otlld be grouped so ns n d to f o r ~ n spucw or pockets wlricll will IJU i~~~rccuuuillo for i~rspuctioa. It rucl~ epuces RI'O forn~ed, they sllould be completely closed wit11 slreet metnl of 18- or 28-glruge, ~rccorcling to tile' rull)rooE nreir i~rvolvetl.

INSULATION -. .

27, GENERAL. Rats llnve been observecl to burrow tlrror~gh, nrrd hsrbor ~ t n d ruise yo1111g i l l insulnt ion l c o ~ ~ r ~ r ~ o ~ r l y 'tlsetl oe vessels. In- sulatio~r of 1 i11c11, or less, i ~ r t l~ ic l i~~ess \vlriclr is in clirccl. co~rlltct with the surfnce bei~rg i~rsulalec\ neetl lot be ri~lpr.ooferl. I~rsul t~t io~l over 1 inclr in thickness sllorrld be sl~e~tilrccl wit11 1111 111)proved r~dproof rnnterial (see fig. 45).

75 Rxnunded ~nets l \\-ill be silt isftrctory as sllcl~t I I ~ I I ~ of i r r s~ t l ;~~ io11 i ~ r

RATPROOFING

w I. D lMtNI lOIJ *A* SHOULD 6 6 3UCM A 3

- . arrroorua MOT RW'D;

70 PLRMIr VISUAL lNIPECTlON OF TUL CUCLOSCO JPACC. . .

ClLPRr\HCES OR RATPll00FlNG HOTICEQUIPED I

WHCKE M r P l l O O F C C I L I N G 1 ARE I M S ~ A L L P D a .

I ' TVPlCAL INSTALLATIONS OF SERVICE F A C l l l ~ l E ~

I . , I Clgurm 44 . . . : 1

1

. .

i Ld{ : j !: ; t rA ..u i l i meL,DfCI( OR BULKMAD RAlvfkJOF TP

SHELL a rmlu f ' o r D ~ C K ow

CFL*SHING SHALL COUTACI RATPROOFING OVER I N S U C A ~ ~ O ~ .

extend to within olte-111tIf inch of s t n ~ c t u r l ~ l pl~rtes, or sllot~lcl join :

otlier mtproofi~rg innterinl. \Vhen esl)~r~rded 111etrrl is to be covered 1 , vritlr a plaster cont, the plnster slrould lrot be ~rpplied until tlrr e r p n t ~ d d metal lras beon inspected.

28. GENERAL-CARGO HOLDS. \\'Irere i~lsrrlntion ill general-curgo ap~rces is to be covelvcl wit11 metal, 14;-guuge slrect l~lelrll slroelcl be plucud tlirectl? olr tlre i~rsr~lntio~r. dl tlre tlccltl~encl, I I ~ lenst 18-g.1111ge

I sheet rnetel sltould be rrsed. \Vlre~r specinl I~I-otectio~r is I I C ~ C S S ~ I ~ . ~ 11

lrenvier-gauge rnnterinl is ~~ecora~rre~~cletl. , W o ~ l e o acreell bulkl~e~rcls ilr cnrgo Ilolcb 11rust I)e 1.111 l)~.oofecl \vlrclr

them ie spoce with or wit lrout i~rsr~l~rtion, g r e ~ ~ t c r ~ I I I I I I I Ime-forrrtl~s ilrclr bet\vee~t u steel ljl~rlc ulrd tlre \vootle~r st.rce~r br~llil~errtls. I f 254,- inch-tlrick to~~grlr-lt~ril-grooreorslripl~~~) l)Iulrkil~g is 1rsuc1, o~rly tlrc blltt ellcls on11 C C L . I I ~ I ~ IICPII 1)s Hiwl~ed tritlr n t Ipa,t I (;-~ilrlge sIlcct I I I ( ! ~ : ~ I .

77 If 1111tt irrirrt 1)lrr111;irlar i s 1 1 ~ t - 1 1 n.1,.0 ..... I ..... I . . .... .. I . I I I

flaahed -with a t least 16-gauge sheet metal. All penarations of \ '

w d e n screen bulkheuds should be collared with a t least 10-gpugo . ' slreet nletul. An exception to this.requirement ia covered in item 6,

'

prruyruplr 2. 29. REFRIGERATED-CARGO SPACES. Insulation within refrig-

u r n h d - c ~ t r ~ o el)~tces slrulrld b rutproofed by corlrplete coveruge willr . sheet nretnl or uccept~ible 1ronnrtproo1 n~ateriul.

30. .REFRIGERATING-MACHINERY SPACE. Inaulrtion on machinery, pipe, pipe nru~ifolds, vulve cabinets, and similar nppurtenances with-' . in. rbfrigelntilrg ~r~r~clrinory spuces nre exempt from mtprdofing, provided that tlre bourrclaly bulklreuds and deckheud, tlre thentlring over voids or insulrrtion therein, arrd the pe~retrulions of bulkheads ~ rnd tlre declilrend~ nre rutproofecl, and the door is co~rspicuously libeled KE1:P CLOSED.

31. ENGINE AND MACHINERY CASING. T~rsulntion on machinery, pil)c, pipe ~~rn~rifoltls, vlilvo cabinets, rrlrcl sirrlil~tr nppurtenances with- - ilr elrgiae 111ri1 boiler roonl ~nuclrirrery cnsirrgs need not be rutproofed.

32. GALLEY, PANTRY, AND FOOD STOREROOMS; ~niulot ion on tb. galley, parrtry, rr~lcl foocl etoreroolrrs' decklrertds and bulkheads should bu ~l~ulrllre'l wit11 ~rrel~il or solrre otlrer Irnrd, ii~~roollr-surlnced mulerlrl ( x e section E: ilelrl2).

33. SLEEVES. Sleeves or stufling tubes slrould be installed nround i~rsulntcd pipey ole service lilres wl~iclr prrss tlrlwugh double bulkllesde

I ancl decklreltdv of refrigel-nted splrces. Tlre sleeve or e tuff ig tube ,

. slrould be of n r~ttproof nrnterial nrrd should extend for n distance of . I i 12 irlclres on bo~lr sides of c ~ r ~ h penetration (see fig.' 48). When the . i

penetrated bulkllead is of iln acceptable nonratproof material, a sheet ~netrtl collnr s l ro~~ld be plnced nrourrd the sleeve or s t u l h g tube a t the .

outer srtr face of ertclr bulklrend penetra t ion. When the bulkhead pelretrnted is of metnl, tlre n~rnular spnce in llre bullbeud around the

GA. WIRE

!

])s~ietrnting sleeve or stufling tube sliovlcl be 110 \ricler droll one-fuurtll of an inch.

34. PIPES. Pipe rind pipe fittings wlliclr cnr1-y brino or ctlicr re- f r iprnnts , urtd mlriclr nre covered \\.it11 Ilnirfclt or si~nilnr i~uulut io~r of 2 ir~clres or less in tlricknes, need not bc nrtproofod. For ilrstrlatio~i wllich is tbicker tllnrl 2 i~iches, tlie rrrted for rntl~roofir i~ \rill bu judyecl on tlre basis of ar~urlgelne~lt nnd loc~l~ioii.

Other pipw insuluted \\-it11 Irnirfelt or ~ilrrilrir rrraterial ~lriclier tl11itr 1 i~icll sllould be ~.~itprwfecl, naless tlie pil)c is \ritlri~i n nttproof \.oicl or u rat-tiglrt area.

Tlie ~ieed for rutprooting cork insul~itio~r (rrgurtlluus of tlricli~~css) around pipes, including those carrying refrigel-IIII~ s, \\.ill bu jllilyecl oli the Lirsis of nrrungernelrt and locntion.

All h~suluted pipes slloulcl be \\-ral)l~ecl srpurrrtcly, rrl lcl sliollld bc so sl)nced us to ~rlIu\v 11 t le11.d 2 iuclres bet \well \vrnpl)ings, i f ~wrrclicublc. WJbere tivo or ~lioro pipes are irlsulateil 1i1it1 \ \ - r ~ r l ) ~ e ~ l tog ell re^', 01' i l l -

suluted supnnrtely 111it1 elrclosed ill olle \\.l'lil)l)er, tllu l~cetl for lat- proohrg nlruulcl be ji~dged on the Iriluis of ar~*ellgc~rlcirt rlrrrl locntion.

Wlrerr ratproofing is Ircceswrry, it. s l~ol~l t l co~ruist of Y I I C . L I I ~ I ~ I I ~ l l ~ o pipe, or pipes with at le~rst 24-yat1ge sheet 11ict111 or 18- to 20-g1ttlge Irardwnre clotl~. The \\ire clot11 slrotiltl be applied belleritl~ tlie \\ri.~ll)- pilig, nlld lnuy be el~rbedilrtl i l l the ilrsull~liorl rot ~irorc t l ~ i ~ t l 1 i~~(:lr fror~r its oilter surfnce. ,111 penetlxtions of nccel)lable 1iollr111 proof mnteriul by i~rsulated pipe shorlld be coll~rretl (see fig. 47).

The ruluiremeuts for pl~rstic pipe \\it11 i~lstllr~t iolr I illcl~ in tllick~ress o r grenter nre thesnme ns for ~netrrl piping.

35. VENTILATING, AIR-CONDITIONING, AND HEATING DUCTS. Hairfelt o r similar insulntioil 11-lliclr is less tllun 1 irlclr tlriclc, over ventilnti~rg, air-conditioning, ond llerrti~rg rlr~cts, need not be rut- proofed. F o r insulu tion over 1 inch t lriclc, r~rt prooliitg will Ln! neces- sary, except in rnt-tight nrens (see fig. 48). IVllea co~-lr is uscd, tlie need for rntproofiog \\.ill be judged on the bmis of nrrnirge~~\e~it n l~d Ioctrtion.

No ratproofing will be necessnry ill tlie cnse of vent ducts wliicll n1.e located \vitliirr. double bullillends or cleclchel~ds \vllicll are ratproof, or in fun roo~<i-which llnve ratproof boti~ld~rries riilcl wliosu doors lire nlnrkcd KEEP GI.OBEU. Rlrtp~*vofi~~g, if ~ ~ e ~ e ~ s r t r y , sIroi11(1 collsist o f complete coverage wit11 24-gauge ~netnl, 18- to 20-gallgu steel-wire or Iii~rclwiire cloth, 20-gairge expandecl i ~ e t a l , 3- L O 22-gl111ge IliiI teaetl uxpanded metal, or 3.4-poui~ds-per-sqt11~rc-~urd lttetal 111111 wit11 I ~ I I ac- ceptable Irard-plnster co~lting. Tlre ratl)roofiug nr~iteriul slror~lcl be. plriccd over the.i~rsulntioa nrld belle~illr I I I ~ X rot-cri11~.

In CHPEG SI)IICCS. tlrt! l . i~ t l )~ -o~f i~ l , r ~ l ~ ~ ~ t t l ~ . i : , l . l I ,Bb~I,l Inan .,I I.... . I ti.,. . . . . . . r

INSULATION

DECK MACHINERY A N D EQUIPMENT

36. GENERAL. Deck mncllinery and equipnlent (and tlre founda- tioirv tlrercof) slrorrltl be so colrslrucletl or rutproofcd rru to provide no lenrporury lridirrg pl~rce or per~lral~eat Irirl.bo~.aye fur 11 rnt. It i~ preferable that open-type constrr~ctio~r be e~uployecl. All sprrces to which n rut irlipht guin entlunce slrol~ltl be sr~llicioi~lly open to uclrnil liglrt nnd to facilitste ilrspection nnd cleuning. Wlrerc opeir construe- ti011 is inrpr~cticable, tlre spnce slrorlld be closeel, wit11 no lroles greeter tlrnn o!16-half inch. Closure sl~oilltl be eflectud wit11 ut lcnst 10-gur~ge sheet nrot~il, 13-guuge uxpnncletl 11let111, 13- to lr)-g~rklgo Ilultenctl ex- pnn~led nrctel, ctc. (scs app. -4).

\Vhea tlre space \vitlrin the founcl~lt io~~ or Lr~reatlr IL solid base 01-

cover plate call be vie\vecl from opposite sidcs, the lreiglrt of tlre s1)uco ahollld be sufficient to permit ensy iospection. ll'lru~r i L is less llrun 6 iuclros, crenting R ntt lra~.bornge, the splrce slroulcl bu closetl (yce Bg. 48).

37. ROPE AND CABLE REELS. Rol~u arlrl cltblu rcclu slroulrl bu o i ~iietrtl colruln~clion, uird slro~~lcl be ir1s11rllt:d or1 ol)u~r-tyl)u ~ ~ r c t ~ t l sup- ports.' Tile center core slrould be of solid or perforntcd ~aetnl. 1-101-

n~~pq00~1UG( DUCT IUSULATIO~~ , I T H A Be 4PFrrCb B€U€A[y T!lE ~ R A P P I M ~ , A L I 'd MAY BE IMBEbMb Ib FIE lUSULA~lON UOT Mona THAd II' FROM OUT€ 5 SUqFpCE OF THE IUSUUTIOH,

FOU~~SATIOJ FOR HoORlUG CHOCK

FOUNDATIONS ,

Fl#ure 49

i low axlea lruving a dinmeter groator t thn 1 inah u~ilew tlre uren is inspectnble.

30. MOORING FITTINGS. Bitla, clloeks, cdinla, and otlm km&g ! fittings slrould be either open for inspection or completalg aloed. , Ally rat Irrirbornge within or ndjoining sucli f i t t inp ellodd be rat- I 1)roofecl witlr heavy r~rtproofing material. Holes in cnstings greater tlrnn one-lralf inclr, sr~clr as nre sometinles found in crucifix bitta, Bh~uld be s e a l d with rnetril.

I . i I '

STOWAGE-SPACE FACILITIES

39. SHELVES. Shelves or platforms should be so instcrlled se to nvoid the creat.io~r of pockets or hidden places. M l e n euch placee nre

. . . .

.2.2-gn11ge. Slrelvcs IIIILI I J ~ I I I forlns usecl for tlre slorage of foods sl~o~rld prefernbly be colrst rartetl of ~lleet 11rct11 l (see fig. 50).

40. BINS. Bins sl~ortld be plnccd eillrzr flrlslr ngrirrst, or well nlrny frolrr bulkl~eails ~rrrcl st rr~cctrrrrl rrrcnrlrrrs. If I I O ~ flus11 wit11 tlru deck, tlre splice ~rndernentlr slrot~ld be rat proofed tvillr r r t Icirst 29-g:rt~ge slreet 11ret al. ;ill bins slror~lcl Irrr\.u t iglll-lilt iog covers, 1rrcfcr.11ldy of I lru =If-closing type.

41. SPARE-PARTS BOXES. Lnrgo slrnru parts, such as ~)rol)cllclu, propeller blncles, nnd shrift sleeves, slror~ld Ije stolved ilr r rutproof nlrnner. E'rolri n r111 1)rootillg st nr~(l l )~i~rt , t lrey slro~rltl 11ot Ije e~rcrrse[l. Whea this is rrot possible, r111d \rllen tlru cilsi~rg iu of ~~on~-u t l~ l ao f

LEU NAM ~ A O Y . w. No1 E : N O RA1PROOFlN4 REQUIRED WHERL

material, rntproohg will be necessary, unless the parts ah, stowed in . * '

M nrtywof colepttrtlne~rt. S~rlall spare-parts boxes should be made of rnetal, unless they are to :

be stowed in n ratproof compurtnlent. I

I

42. LOCKERS. All lockers slrould be installed in such a manner m' -; to fotar IIO rat l~c~rboruges at t he deck or doolcl~end or: with adjacent , structures. If ]rot plncccl Ails11 with the deck, the locker sllould be elevntetl nt I C I I S ~ (i inclles or [Ire spnce closed with sheet metnl of a t leust 8.2-gnuge.

'l'l~e bountl~rries of 11 locker in wny of A void epnce crented by a fixed f~rlso bottoal sl~ould be mlrclc ratl~roof or rut-tiglit nccordirlg to the 111-011. !

111 s~)rrcw utlrer llra~r ra(l)roo[ or rat-tiglrt ureus, the lockera ehould bu fabtici~tecl of tiletel. Tlrey mlry be of woocl or otber nccoptable ' no11 nr t 1)roof 11111terirrl provided they rlre properly lhed or flnshed with 111 ler~st 22-grlugu sllect I I I ~ ~ I I ~ . 'l'ltt: cclgc9 of 1ocke1-s rnclde of wire clollr or uxl~s~rcled ~rrcli~l slrolrld bu h111rd with nt lerrst 22-gauge sheet . . rratal.

43. BOXES. \Voatlicr clcclr boxes slrot~ld pl-efel-nbly be made of I . l f of \rucrd, llruy slru~~lil b 111t1tlr: u lpwuf by lininy t l ~ s mtin 1 bcrtlollr 111ri1 t lru lowest 1% illcllcs of tlro sitles wit11 rrt least 22-gauge I

1 1 c I : ~ I 1 - I I 11cs1. OtI~el*expoved eclges of such boxee '

slroulil bu 111.011crly flrrul~ed. Storeroolrr boxus or boxca plnced ia otlrer rutproof nrens shoud be :

nrntlc rat-tight. I

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES li: 44. GENERAL. Furniture irlcluding mnrdrobes, should preferably

bs llrnde of ~netul. Rntproofing will not Be required of wooden furni- turo \vlr iclr lrns 110 opel~irlgs greater tlrnn one-half inch, and which n1Tords corllplete visibility of t lle iat?rior of the base by such meme M

tlre ~.ea~ov~il of drawers or loose fnlse bottoms. Wherever the intarior '. of tlre btise is not visible becnuse of n complete or partinl fixed bottom, or because n dmlver c~lllnot be renrovecl, the gnnming edges should be

i '

'

~jrotecteil. I'

IVlrc~lcver ~)ossil)lc, furnitrrls alrd fixtures elrollJ. be instnlled fludl w i t l r t l lu tleck or eluvetetl lit leust 6 incl~es. Pnrtially enclosed spaceil 1; rirou~rtl f r11.11i t uru slroultl be closet1 \ri t l r 22-guuge or heavier slleet 1. nretlil. 'I

45. GALLEY FIXTURES. V i r t ~ ~ r c s in gnlleya should be eo designed I . r~rrd locirteil 11s to sIl'o~.d 11eitlrer hnrborirge for rnts nor places for the ~rccu~nulntio~i of food. All galley fixtures slrould b of metal, and all .sc:irrr~s Ilrcl.cirr dro11ltl I,e fittcd clujrly rrtrtl, prefenrbly, \valdcd or

I I I , L 11 . I:. 1 .. ..... .. ,... ,I... ;,.),,.,I 1..\11\.t1.111.tne1 ( n n ~ r l instl~Il,.,l i,, 84

eomplifincs witlt t l ~ s ctitcria included i1; sce~ions E ttnd F of thie L u ~ b l i ,

they \\.ill nlvo be sntishretorj- ~ I ~ I I I tlta ratprooli~tg sttrodpoint. 46. ELECTRIC REFRIGERATORS, DRINKING FOUNTAINS, AND DRINK-

ING-WATER COOLERS. Tile ~neclr iner~ c o e ~ l ~ : r r - l ~ ~ ~ o ~ t slrould be en- closecl with 10-gnuge wire clot11 or IS-gitrrge culm~)rlcr\ nl, or

I

equippecl with $-inch lo\\\-els. IVlrere lajles I I I . ~ ctrt i l l i11e 111eslr for I tire pnssnge of wnterpipes or ele,ctric c:rbles, aletvl ~ o l l t ~ ~ r YIIOUIC~ be i provided. Door3 of lnncl\ille~y co~r\l)urtotr~rls slror~ld be tight-litli~tg

c l ~ r ull sides. 1 .

-. - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - .- OM-beli-Lucb m u h u ~ u o p a u l u ~

enlltl ltroi rlicat Flgura No.

R U M Flrllsoad W l r a a '

upuoJrd trprurdetl hudwnm malul tualol cloth :

APPENDIX A : I . : " 4 .,.

... Minimum Thicknesr-Approved Ra1proof Maler ia l !

h.-bU.brL &UP . I . .

I tem ..%A! IWI 7 Rabid IWknd W h o r -H.. . !

apandod erpndcd budrue n w h l o j W c b l h - - . .

R11-Tlasr A r r u Obu#r Oaqr Gaul, 01W (To e l w openlnjr srarlrr l h r o one-hell Inch)

B~.I~II~#. .................................. ............... CoUu y l r l u 81 ~noalr r l loor : Vddr end puekala ......................... ....

A u INTAKC. E i n r u a t r r s o O u r ~ c r r

O a t w ~ l ' e u o hol~ls .................................... ~ t ~ g u r t r d evrgo bu lC .....-.-.-....--.--- ..................... Elmwbert ln l t r lor . . .. ........................ L l n w b r r t a r y o w d l o weather

MUCIrUNZOFl

.................. l w o l t u r r 811d nalurr vuldr ... M w b l n r q lw l~du l lu r~a OII wrr lhr r deck1 blaehlnrrr eauipul111r11l8 Iuletlor ralprool

U ~ U ................................................ k a r r l ~ ~ l e r l o r ............................

k h 8 -arttrlor ............................

Clmar r~~-a . t roo U o ~ w

................... Bhorlblo# on bulkhrods.. Bb*alblng on dsckl~c~~dr.. ................... ............... B*ttens u l louur&a o ca~luyi.. ............. Colhr 11cle.r 81 peoa~r r l l on~

............ ~ l i r a l h & t ~ over paru~uour~t ballurl Covrrr lor acccsi rnanl~ola wolla r l ywr-

mulaut b:rllart. ........................... Covers or l u u r b lor s ~ u ~ l ~ o l e r ............... L a ~ ~ l t ~ l b ~ r (d~wpt u l lpl l l ullcl real duels).. I n r u l ~ r l l ~ n rvor I 1nc1 at l ~ p l a # .............. It1rc1111lli~u ovar I lncla rl Vent clcml*. ........ Vulds ~ r ~ t l puckclr ...........................

nrrraorr r rco.Crnco Ilur.os

..................... 811bblbltt#-wllh h u l l c ~ ~ a ............... S!!rc!!!!!!!-\r!l!a~~~~l IIU~~UII~.. ................. Collar 11lu1ur u l ~ r ~ ~ u l r ~ ~ l l u t u Cofrrr 11r guunls h r l ou~~ l~u la r ............... Crlrmal mrna:r .............................

........................... I r r l * r ~ ~ d ~I)(IIU~I.. I a ~ ~ u l u l d rlnncblour ......................... Fluor111 ................... .... ..................... 111rulu l~1 u v u 1 181~11 ....................... brtloor..

R ~ r r ~ a r u ~ r c o Brorca

8 b ~ l b b ~ .................................... Doom.. ................................

................ Door c ~ a l n & ~ - ~ ( ~ l ~ M e surhce ................ floor wslr~gr-larldu nurho!. ............................... Bbr l i ln vuldr ................. C o ~ a r v!.h~ss at peuctrot~um Flooring. ...............................-.............. Curur or &uotdj lor ntrobolea ...............

....................... l t ~ a ~ l u l l u n over I loch V d d ~ nod pockclj ...........................

G t o r r r o o r a

Bhulblng .................................... Bholiln voldq ............................... ................. COIIU pfu~cs ut y ~ a t r o t ~ o t ~ s Doors.. ..................................... Flwrlny ..................................... Volds ant1 yockals ...........................

Co&lsttrarhr B r ~ c c a

Iltrn111I11#. .................................. Sllrlvlll vulll* ............................. .... ................. C ~ I I ~ &Lor at p u ~ ~ o l r u t ~ o ~ ~ ~ Flotjrlnp ..................................... l~uu la t on over I Illch. ...................... Vollll ~1111 PUCkell ............ ....-....... ... ................................. F o u t i t l n l l o ~ ~ ~ I l ~ u h l i ~ # I~i lefnol ear~ctrr .................... Pluh111 cxlcrnnl corners .................... f i l r ~ l l r l l t ..................................................................

Oaugd

16

18 I I ?

8 l Y 111

In I P

*1n

I8 ....................

18

18 I8

. 16

18 18

Oau#r

18 IH 18 I8 I8

IU 1" I 0 11 21 II

1 2 IS Id n IS 2.1 I I

I N .................................................................................

21 n 22 11 21 12

?? I8 I9

l a IS ~2 n I S II

Z! ?I ?? 12 1.J 21 IS ?i IS

1 OI pulorr l rd r b w l meld.

1

n a n

'

.......... ..........

n I8

n 20

Oau#d

....................................

....................................

...................................

.................................... .................................... l C l 8 ........................ 1820 13-14

*la-% 8 14-18

Id-% lh'N

I l W B .................................... .................................... ........................ 18-20 .,

18-10 ...................................

1820 1&10

13-20 .................................... ....................................

18-20 IS-%

.......... ......................... I4

................................................ 1 ................................................

................................................ 18

18 ................ 18

1 I d I I8 I I' a I3

IS 8 I S

8 IU

U ...... ..... i

............

Oaqa ' ..............................................-. ................................................

............ 16-18 LC18 l I

....... ! ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................

111 ............

..................

16 I 4 .............. 18

............ I4

................................................ I4

I 4 I4

................................................

I4

-- .

17 2a,II,M

11

U W 48

E 3n, *N, MI. 34

................ ........................

a a n

..... ! a8 8 l a8 W

1411. w 3 U

; 4s ............

10

B~?I.$ i) ............

80 **I. u a

18-a0 ; W m

14-IS . t ~ t 8

I C 15 13-18

. l*b. It - I8

16m ........................ ......................--

10. .......................... 18

I4 I4 I 4 U

16 ............ Ir I8 ir

.......... - --:-- --..--.-.-- --.-..- . ............ ..,.......... ............ !

............ 47

............ ............. ...,..-.-.. I I

APPENDIX .B I

Mlnlmum Thlcknesr-Acceptable Nonralproof Malerial ;

1 T w o luyan .u rp l sbh or oomblnallon 01 lonyua nnd #ruora or rhllrlap UIU p i f w d totallo# I)( h o b r MCC tnbls.

I ~ l l h ~ r l l r o ~mL.cllon.

Loerlbtr

.

BeM#rmtadcuyo bola ........ Bhlp'r ~lorerrelr lyurled ~pncu .

Blarrooms ..................... C o m n ~ l j a u r I % urns ... --; Ll r lng md yu l lu rpuou 1.n

....... n d l o sod n r u rooma '.. Y ~ r ~ n n u t n t ballut.. ........... .............. Bhsll alley cslUna Ellye ac l l luc.~ ............ ..... Wer~leo ~ lwn l lo# orsr 1ua11lv

(ion ..........................

APPENDIX C

UJ. Slundurd Gauges far Sheet and plat. Iron and'st.@l

W d

Touues d

&r~0raor ~ h l p l a p

Trplcsl w~upusl l lon 111alm1& 1CqulrJo~ l h l c h v u -

Ym.

. a t i ! .nc

.U)

.a

.dl(

.bn

.a01 . a1 . a18

.m

.w ,238 . ¶ll . . IY .I14 . lm .la

bonded Bqllare wrlcr-

b u l l proof Jolnl 1 1 l y w d

Rlpld ubs tac centcul

l n r l t r pmel

1

36 .................................................

~ p u l d n t l b l c b 8 M

hdu a m .a, .a .PA . on .Ol9 .111 .Olb -014 . a n ,011 .010 . mo .m .m .OOt .001 .MI

O W 0

21 ................-... n .................... 8 ................-..- .................... 24 t s ................-.-- 16 .................... n..-.....-.....- ..... n .................... 20 ..................... Jg .................... I 1 .................... n .................... .................... aa 51 .................... SI ...............-.... 88 ..................-. 37 .................... ~II..........-.- .......

--- IncArr Iachtr IncAso

Flunlblo nsbtalm ccmeut

luckto r l~ea l .......... .*.------- . - - - - - - - - -

' HO )I ........................................,

........................................

........................................

l tqu l i l l en l I h l c L m ~

-

Urn.

1.055 1.634 6 16Q i 7 u 4.w. 1.w L~I? 3.111 tn8 2Jb l 1.0~4 LIBO I.Mil 1.4m 1.270 1.111 agss

O w r r

a ..................... 4 ..................... 1 ..................... 1 ..................... 7. .................... 8 ..................... 0 ..................... 10 .................... 11 .................... If .................... l a .................... 14 .................... 16 .................... 16. ................... 17 .................... I b .................... 19. ................... m. ..---.,-....-- .....

1 154

8 1%

)I

N 2% 2 236

r)6

L S q u l ~ J m l i b l o l P l u

1rchI a m .W .)I9 .m . la8 .1r1 . 1s .I~I . IU .I00 .09( .0;8 . UIO .on3 .Q# .gY) .M4 .M

..........

..........

.......... ....................................

.......... 2)L

. 2% l)(

Me1.l- Iarul. n s l d

r s lu r lm

---- culsuul I a J t r a h 1

Ha .................... ..........

o..........

T d uberlor

lnlulutlng

Iac4ro m e 1 . . , ,

; "H

I

.b . l int . ~:I\~II,! 14 IIIIIII l i l t . III:I~II s111111ly 1i11e~ at IIII- 11r1-s~t1rr aide e l l t11r fill it^^ vnl\*c III.RI 1111. J ~ I . '1'11;s I~I:IIII.~I li111- ~IIIIIIIII Ivv tIvsig11c.11 ~II vf11.1 t 11-1~I;lrr-

I I I r I I I I 6 l e i r I . C:ol,lr(~l o f t l tc f low

~ 1 1 1 3 1 1 l t l l ~ r ~II~II~~II.IIIII~II~ (11 t l lc f i l l i t ~ g vnlvc.

'I Ilr n v r l IIIUV ~II~IIIIII 1"- l l i ~ ~ ~ l n l ~ ~ . t ( i l r tn acuttll ~11ttc'ra o r a s i ~ l l l ~ l ; l ~ II~IIIIII~~I.~

~ * ~ t ~ ~ l l t ~ w . , n i 1 l 1 111111t;plt: 1111tlrl3 311n1.rcl 110t IIII~~I. t11a11 10 f r r t a1):11t, I l i a -

I ll~lR;ll~ It1 lilt* \\n*lte ~ys l r l l l .

A 111ait1 -III~IIIII 111- i t ~ t ~ a l l ~ . t l nt t l l c 111tvvst 11tii11t 111 t l ~ t ! pnt11, a1111 tl111i11n~r IIII i l l l i t , < ~11a t11 l t I I~I- ~IIII~I.~I.III t t ~ I-II~IIII- 1111it:k ~~IIIII~~IIR, 'I'III~ 11vni11- II~IIII 1111. 1 w w * 1 -II~*IIIII ~ ~ v l t . ~ : ~ l r l y 111. i ~ ~ c l c . l ~ r ~ ~ r l r l t t ; Ir,u.c*vrr, w l l r t ~ r c ~ l ~ ~ l ~ - c , l r c l tci

dccy c*tl~l.r ~ l ~ n i t t n ~ ~ . ~~I~I~IIIS, n 11at.kwatrr vnlvi- ~IIIIIIIII Or illttnll1.11 111 1110

nt, 111l l l l i l t~. JIOIII ~ l r : ~ i t l l i ~ ~ v .

'I llr IIIIIIIIIII of tltt. j1t101 a l ~ t , c ~ I ~ l altv1,c. t t l w n ~ ~ l 111r 11rnit1 o r t l ~ a i l l r 111 s11c.11

11 IIInI)IIt*r : ~ q In (*I l~*t . t ~.~IIIIO~~.II. t l r n i ~ l n ~ t . ol 1111. tvnt~sr II.IIIII 1111. IMIII~. III 1111. IIIII.I~~I 19f ~ ~ l , - t y , 1111. 311~111: (11 t l ~ t : IWIII,III II~ ~I IY p a ~ t 111 t l w 1 1 t ~ 1 l it1

* * I ~ i ~ ~ 1 1 t111, \ va~v r i* It-w t11n11 6 ft-I-t c l t : r l ~ s11(1111tl III* 110t l l t n t r t11n11 I f t n ~ t

ill r:1!.11 I 5 ltv-I. ~ ' I I ( . I~* SII~IIII~I 111- 11'1 a111Itlr11 I.II~IIKC 01 sIt11~r \ v i t l ~ i n ~IIC n ~ r a \~III-II. 1111. lvn l r r II~~~VIII is 1t.s~ 111nt1 5 l(+t.

3. WAIER-SUPPLY SYSTEM. I t is 11rrI1.rnl111. 11) I t n t ~ a S~*II:II:I~V w a t r r -

*llltl~lr avrtr.tll. i l ~ r l ~ l ~ l i l l ~ t11(. IIIIIIIII. '1'111- ..vnlrr i i ~ t n k ~ : s l lo~l ic l l ~ r folwnrcl

(4 n i l a.\tsncc. t~l\tIr.tq ~IOIII t l l r vt.1~1. l l ~ ~ * v r v t ~ r , i f IIIC 1j11nI \v i l l IIP fillr~l nl l t l t l t r I l ~ n v i t ~ f i IIII~II~II wi l l c*rt.ltr o l l ly w l lc l l ~ l lcr vnrn.1 i a 1111tl1.r way. i t

\\ill I t r snli.fnc.~or~ I t r ~~sc. t l l r filr I I~ r n l t i t n ~ y-nvt. i l~c~art l -wntrr OIIIIIOS, 01. a r t , o ~ l ~ i ~ l n ~ i t ~ l ~ 111 111rqt. IIIIIIIII*. ~IIIIV~II(~(I t l ~ n t :

n. ' 1 ' 1 1 ~ 11t.Iit~t-lY Ii11t. ttt 1111- IIIIIII it ~II~I~II~IIIII.II~ (11 (vt111:r I~III-3 n ~ i ~ i ~ ~ n t i t ~ ~ - nt UI IltS:lr 1111- cli~c.l~nl~:c. of 111t. ~11111111 ~II. 011- v111t.r 111nllifolt1, 111. 111 n JWI~II~

\ t l l l - lcr 1I1t. IIIIIV~IIII~~~~ o r ~~~.~~.I~I:I~~III~IIII f l u d ~ i ~ ~ ~ of IIIC lil t . cpr * n ~ ~ i t n r y -

( ~ v t . ~ l ~ ~ a ~ t l . t ~ * : t t ~ * v ~II~III~I 91111 11tni11 i q rt111li111.ly 1.1lt.1~1t~l.

11. A ~ l . n t I i I ~ nc.ct.s<iI,Ic, ql,,lll,fr vaI\.v i q I * ~ r n ~ i . t l I-loqt. to 11lr 11oi11t c ~ f tnkr-olT

IIIIIII lllr lilr: o l t : ~ l ~ i ~ : l l ~ - c ~ v r ~ l ~ t ~ n ~ ~ l - w n t r r \ y r t r l l ~ , RIII~ i~ C ~ I I S O ~ C ~ I C I I I S ~ ~

Inl~c.lt.tl I:I.~SE \ v i ~ t ~ . ~ . IN IIAltnotas.

I. GENERAL. l { ~ - g ~ l l : ~ t i t t ~ ~ q n11cI law* l ~ t * ~ I:I~II~II~! ttt \taqst.ltcl-r a11t1 t I V ~ V

n r t ~II~~I~IIII~III~~II~ ':arc n c l ~ ~ ~ i l t i ~ t ~ r r ~ l IlY 1,tllt.r I:t.tlt.tnl agr111,il.- I t i c I

, RX~IIIIIRI~I., II~I\VI:VI r, IIIRI ~I.(. I) I I~II I~I~:II~~III~ ~IIIIII~I~ 01- 3111 11 n* 113 1111*lt'1.t 111t.

11(.nItl1 II~ 1111. ~III t111n11t n111l ~II I p I r v r ~ t t 111r ~IIIIIII~~II~I~~I~, t t a t ~ - ~ t ~ i - . ~ i ~ ~ ~ t , at111

s l ~ r n ~ l of t ~ o ~ l i t r l ~ t t ~ i r n l ~ l r tliqc.n\rs

Seclioti I. IIEATING, VENTILATING, AND LlGllllNG

I. (GENERAL. I t is I ~ r y n l l t l t l l c a c , t t l r r o f tllia I lnl lt l l~twrh 111 slat f l * r t l l

~~~IIII~IIII 111r IIII-W a r r a ~ . 111 Rr~! r rn l , I!c\vt.v~*r, IIIYII~II~, VVIII~~:II~II~, n111l

l i g l ~ t i l l g a l lo r~ l t l I,r ~(ICI~~I~II* ill l iv i l la sltnrc:T to i t ln i l~ t : r i t~ n III.~IIIIIIII n110

t ~ o ~ ~ l f c ~ ~ . t n l ~ l c : rovil.onl~,t:l~t.

I,~K~II~IIK RIICI v r ~ ~ t i l n t i n ~ ~ , ns a i ~ l t ill t l~ t : III~~IIII*II;III~~- 111 ~ t ~ e ~ t l -.III~I~I\

I.~PIII~~I~IIII~ ill f t ~ ~ > t l . ~ i r t ~ ~ ~ n r a t i t ~ ~ ~ , f t ~ ~ t l - ~ t c ~ r n ~ t . ~ n11t1 ft,~vtI-*t.t\~it I. -II:II I.-. -II~,III~I I.(~II~IIIIII t n I~~~~~IIIII~IIIII~IIIIIIS ill SI.~I~IIII E, itt.111~ fl : t t ~ t l !I, II:I!!I. 70

rnr *ta11(1nrcIs II~ ~ c ~ t ~ t l 1,1111.tirr, I~*~~-I~-IIvI* i a 111ntIt- It, t11r f t ~ l l - ~ v i ~ ~ ~ !

1>1111Iir.nti1111q:

. . ! f r # l i ~ t f , l ' f ~~ l i / # t i )~ f l , A i ~ - ( : ~ , ~ ~ t t i ~ i , , ~ ~ i t ~ c (;t~itfr, AIIIPI~I~II S-)I i+,tr 131 I1t .nt i11~ n l l t l V l . ~ l l i l a ~ i l ~ ~ I : . l~~ i t l c . r~q , 51 h1atlia1111 Avc.l~tlr, Nt-rv Yt l lk 111,

N. Y. IE.7 I . i p A f i ~ ~ p I l ~ a d A n n k , l l l ~ ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ r ~ l i ~ l ~ ~ S I I ~ ~ I ~ C C I ~ I I ~ Stwicty, 51 F(a t l i *c l~~

A v r ~ l l l r , Ncw York 10, N. Y.