using the Planned Dose Perturbation...

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Session V: New Therapy Technologies Patient DVHbased QA metrics using the Planned Dose Perturbation Algorithm March 31, 2012 Hosang Jin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor University of Oklahoma

Transcript of using the Planned Dose Perturbation...

Page 1: using the Planned Dose Perturbation Algorithmchapter.aapm.org/SWAAPM/Past/Spring2012/2012_Spring... · conventional QA do not alone imply accurate dose calculation and/or delivery

Session V: New Therapy Technologies

Patient DVH‐based QA metrics using the Planned Dose Perturbation Algorithm

March 31, 2012

Hosang Jin, Ph.D.Assistant Professor

University of Oklahoma

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Conflict of Interest

• This talk mainly deals with a commercial product – 3DVH – from the Sun Nuclear Corporation. The speaker has not received any research funding from the company and has no disclosures.

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Outline

• Conventional IMRT QA metric• Patient DVH‐based QA

– Planned Dose Perturbation (PDP) Algorithm– DVH‐based QA using PDP (clinical cases)– Limitations of PDP

• Other per‐patient dose QA methods• Conclusions

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Conventional IMRT QA methods• Per‐patient phantom measurement (dose in phantom)

• Ion chamber+film or 2D/3D diode/IC array• test

– Proposed by Dan Low in 1998– Based on tolerance of dose difference and DTA (distance‐to‐agreement)

– Tolerance: 95% passing rate with 3% and 3 mm (most commonly used; very site and machine specific)

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Gamma test (SNC MapCHECK2)

Measurement Plan

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Gamma test with a wrong beam?

Measurement Plan

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Clinically approvedoriginal plan

Error‐induced plan by changing optimization constraints

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Insensitivity of the  test

2D measured dose distribution

Binary gamma plots: red pixels are points that failed a 2%/2 mm gamma analysis 

Acceptable plan Unacceptable plan

Kruse, Med Phys, 37, 2010

IBA I’mRT Matrixx

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Insensitivity of the  test

• There is no clear distinction in overall gamma score between the acceptable and unacceptable IMRT plans.

• While planar dosimetry may comprise one facet of an effective IMRT QA protocol, gamma scores could not reliably identify a plan with poor dosimetric accuracy.

Kruse, Med Phys, 37, 2010

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+ IMRT QA performed in phantom geometry not in patient geometry

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Patient‐DVH‐based QAStep 1: Conventional per‐beam QA or arc QA(ArcCHECK or MapCHECK)

Dose errorper each beam (2D)

Step 3: Comparison (Reference (original) vs. Comparison (perturbed))

Treatment planning system

Step 2: Planned dose perturbation (PDP)

Independent workstation(3DVH) Perturb

ed dose (3D)

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What is PDP?• Any errors detected by the conventional per‐beam planar dose QA 

method is used to perturb the original 3D patient dose.• PDP uses perturbation methodology designed specifically for 

Compton effects of high energy photons.• PDP alters dose only if and where dose differences are detected in 

conventional dosimetry array systems.• PDP does not require secondary dose calculation that is a new 

source of error.

Zhen et al, Med Phys, 38, 2011

Note: the  test and passing rates are NOTstored/used.

Accumulating the total dose perturbation over all voxels and 

beams

Error mask

Dose along the beam perturbed by error

A built‐in PDP model

CMF: contribution modifying function

2D “error mask” [Dose difference + local percentage 

errors]

Conventional IMRT QA

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Accuracy of PDP

Error‐free plan Error‐induced plan

2D simulated measurements

2D calculationdistribution

2D error masks

3D error‐induced plan

3D PDP‐corrected 

plan

3D error‐free plan

Compa‐rison

PDP

White paper

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NOTE: No actual QA measurements were not performed; free from measurement‐induced errors

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• 15 clinical IMRT cases• Varian Eclipse (AAA) and 2100C• EDR2+a Farmer chamber

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Results

Conclusions

Chamber:Difference: ~1%(when corrected for 1% diode array offset, 3DVH vs. chamber is statistically same.)

Film

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Clinical case I: Prostate boost

• Prostate boost: 2160 cGy• Total number of fields: 7; Total MUs: 387• D test passing rate (3%/3 mm): composite 98.3%, per‐

beam QA:  100.0 0.0%

Reference: Planning Comparison: PDP

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3D gamma test1%/1 mm: 83.9%2%/2 mm: 99.5%3%/3 mm: 100.0%

Dose difference histogram

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Clinical case II: Head and Neck

• Tongue: 7200 cGy• Total number of fields: 9, Total MUs: 1077• D test passing rate (3%/3 mm): composite 99.8%, per‐

beam QA:  99.8 0.5%

Reference: Planning Comparison: PDP

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3D gamma test1%/1 mm: 62.2%2%/2 mm: 96.0%3%/3 mm: 99.8%

Dose difference histogram

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Limitation I

Low resolution High resolution

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Limitation I – cont’d

Low resolution High resolution

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Limitation II

Sun Nuclear: White paper

What if the heterogeneity correction of the TPS is inaccurate?

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Limitation III

Zhen et al, Med Phys, 38, 2011

Treatment planning(Plan approval) IMRT QA TreatmentPass

Fail(e.g.) 95% pass ratewith 3%/3 mm

Conventional QA procedure

Treatment planning(Pre‐Plan approval)

QA delivery TreatmentDVH‐based QA

(Post‐plan approval)

Fail

Pass

Acceptable tolerances?Action levels?Physician’s review?

New QA procedure

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Dose QA method I: Direct fluence map

• Patient geometry QA• Clinically relevant comparison (DVH and 3D dose difference)• More sources of error: de‐convolution of fluence map and 

independent dose calculation• Need of commissioning of systems• Commercially available: OSL Dosimetry Check (EPID) and 

IBA Compass (IC array) systems

Step 2: 3D dose calculation using measured fluence maps 

and patient CT data

Step 3: Comparison/Analysis

Fluence map

2D array (IC)

EPID

Step 1: Measurement of direct fluence map

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Dose QA method II –transmission dosimetry

• Actual patient geometry• Potentially adaptive treatment• Dose reconstruction: source of error• Need of pre‐treatment QA

EPID

Step 1: Measurement during treatment

Step 2: 3D dose reconstruction using backprojection algorithm

Wendling et al, Med Phys, 36, 2009Step 3: Comparison/Analysis

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Conclusions• It should be noted that high passing rates in conventional QA do not alone imply accurate dose calculation and/or delivery

• The PDP algorithm was shown to accurately predict the DVH impact and clinically relevant dose using conventional planar QA results.

• However, it could introduce more complex and inefficient QA in the busy clinic.

• Most importantly, acceptable tolerances, action levels, and potential changes in QA procedures should be explored extensively.

• Limitations of the PDP should be further investigated.

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Acknowledgement

• Imad Ali, Ph.D.• Salahuddin Ahmad, Ph.D.• Vance Keeling

• Stacey Geier (Sun Nuclear; providing 3DVH materials)