Using SPSS
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Transcript of Using SPSS
Using SPSS
Handy buttons
Switch between values & value labels
Info about variables (& ‘Go To’)
Handy buttons
Click with the right mouse button on a variable you want to know more about…
In dialog boxes you always have help nearbye…
Handy buttons
… and you will get variable info…
SPSS output viewerJust let’s make a table with some corre-lations
SPSS output viewerNow, click with the right mouse button on table en choose Open…
SPSS output viewer… and you will get a new window wherein you can edit the table
SPSS output viewer
Now, let’s look at the Pivoting Trays
SPSS output viewer
The pivots of the table…
This pivot represents the statistics
This pivot represents the variables
This pivot represents the variables
SPSS output viewer
Now put the pivot of the statistics in the layer (‘capa’) and the form of the table will change!
SPSS Syntax
In each dialogbox you will see a button Paste (‘Pegar’) to create syntax.
SPSS SyntaxAfter having done Paste (‘Pegar’) you will see a ‘command’ in the syntax window.
SPSS SyntaxYou can as well open a specific syntax file, i.e. Ridge Regression (in the SPSS program folder)
SPSS Syntax
Why would you use syntax???
To do analyses repeatedly
To use all the functions of SPSS (in dialogboxes +/- 95% is incorporated)
To be independent of dialogboxes, that keep changing…(and syntax never changes)
SPSS OptionsMake your SPSS life easy with Edit | Options
For instance by using the session journal file as a syntax file…
Regression & Logistic Regression Revisited
Graphing relationships
Transforming variables
Missing Values
Outliers & Influential Points
Categorical predictors
Regression revisited; topics:
Graphing Relationships
Matrixplot to make a plot of a lot of variables
Specify variables
Graphing Relationships
Result in output window
Graphing Relationships
You can edit the Graph like you edited a table by opening the graph (click with right mouse button on the graph and choose Open)
Graphing Relationships
Graphing Relationships
Now choose Chart | Options
Graphing Relationships
Then ask for a fit line
Graphing Relationships
Some remarks:
-GDP is related in a non linear way with other variables
- variable Aids Cases we have a very influential point (not an outlier, but influential!)
- correlation between female life expectation and male life expectation is almost 1
Graphing Relationships
Gross domestic product / capita
22000.0
20000.0
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
30
20
10
0
Std. Dev = 6479.84
Mean = 5860.0
N = 109.00
Let’s try to transform gdp_cap in order to get linear relationships with other variables. First let’s look at the distribution of gdp_cap with a histogram:
We need to bring values on the right closer to values on the left. We might try a LN transformation…
Transforming variables
Transforming variables
The histogram of transformed variable is:
LNGDP
9.54
8.75
7.96
7.18
6.39
5.61
4.82
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Std. Dev = 1.43
Mean = 7.88
N = 109.00
Transforming variables
LNGDP
Gross domestic produ
People living in cit
Daily calorie intake
Average female life
Average male life ex
Aids cases
Relationships are nicely linear !
Transforming variables
Note: you probably want to make a variable lifeexp out of life expectancy males and life expectancy females:
Tip: use function Mean in stead of using the ‘+’ and dividing by 2
Categorical Predictors
Is income dependent on years of age and religion ?
Categorical PredictorsCompute dummy variable for each category, except last
Categorical Predictors
And so on…
Categorical Predictors
Block 1
Categorical PredictorsBlock 2
Categorical Predictors
Ask for R2 change
Categorical Predictors
Model Summary
.101a .010 .010 5.424 .010 14.688 1 1421 .000
.172b .030 .026 5.379 .019 7.064 4 1417 .000
Model1
2
R
RSqua
re
Adjusted RSquar
e
Std. Errorof the
EstimateR SquareChange F Change df1 df2
Sig. FChange
Change Statistics
Predictors: (Constant), Age of Respondenta.
Predictors: (Constant), Age of Respondent, Jewish, Cath, None, Protb.
Look at R Square change for
importance of categorical
variable
Categorical Predictors
Zodiac is actually a categorical variable
Categorical PredictorsIndicator coding scheme
Categorical Predictors
Categorical Variables Codings
120 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
92 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
130 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
135 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
99 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
115 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
136 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
Leo
Virgo
Libra
Scorpio
Sagittarius
Capricorn
Aquarius
Pisces
RespondentsAstrologicalSign
Frequency (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
Parameter coding
Annotated output of regression analysis (it uses the file
data/elemapi.sav )http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/webbooks/reg/chapter1/annotated1.htm
For more on regression, see:
http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/webbooks/reg/chapter1/spssreg1.htm
Categorical Predictors
Variables in the Equation
-.003 .004 .584 1 .445 .997
10.515 11 .485
.153 .299 .262 1 .609 1.166
.375 .312 1.441 1 .230 1.455
-.167 .309 .294 1 .587 .846
-.348 .317 1.200 1 .273 .706
.211 .288 .535 1 .464 1.235
.260 .310 .705 1 .401 1.297
-.014 .323 .002 1 .966 .986
.219 .306 .515 1 .473 1.245
.176 .302 .339 1 .560 1.192
.206 .308 .448 1 .503 1.229
-.298 .333 .800 1 .371 .743
-1.170 .274 18.221 1 .000 .310
AGE
ZODIAC
ZODIAC(1)
ZODIAC(2)
ZODIAC(3)
ZODIAC(4)
ZODIAC(5)
ZODIAC(6)
ZODIAC(7)
ZODIAC(8)
ZODIAC(9)
ZODIAC(10)
ZODIAC(11)
Constant
Step1
a
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Variable(s) entered on step 1: AGE, ZODIAC.a.
Outliers
Outliers
Outliers
Saving residuals
Influential Points
Influential Points
Influential Points
Saving distances and influence measures as variables
Multicollinearity
Diagnostics
Multicollinearity
Multicollinearity
Multicollinearity