How participation is practiced? – Extension of Participatory Design Model - Yasuoka-Jensen, Kamihira
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Multimedia mapping Recent developments in participatory mapping draw on Web 2.0technology to create interactive, computer-based maps that link
digital video, photos and written text with maps. Tagmap is aninnovative consultation tool, developed over the last six years byBold Creative.
Described by Bold Creative as "a mapping-video mash upapplication", Tagmap combines film making, social networking sitesand Google Maps to enable young people to make and watch filmsand start conversations about the issues they face on a daily basis,become citizen journalists and have a voice(http://tagmap.wordpress.com/ ). To see a video of Tagmap inaction, visit http://vimeo.com/9831266 .
Planning for Real: creating 3D models to aid communityconsultationIn the UK, a technique called Planning for Real uses participatory
mapping principles to invite communities to create a 3-D model oftheir local area and suggest how they would like to see theircommunity develop. Groups then prioritise the suggestions andcreate an action plan for decision-makers to take away, and/or as abasis for community action. Picture X shows the map created bylocal school children in Sheffield and populated with over 3,000flags with suggestions from residents. The exercise was part of aninitiative to regenerate High Hazels Park in Sheffield as a catalyst tostimulate wider regeneration of the area . The project teamsuccessfully implemented many of the most highly prioritisedfacilities such as new play areas and seating. The team iscontinuing to follow the regeneration plan and apply for furtherfacilities and training for the local community (seehttp://www.nif.co.uk/ ).
Image X – High Hazels Park, Sheffield: Planning for Real. www.nif.co.uk
As these examples illustrate, mapping crosses a number of disciplinary boundaries and is developing a growing body of theory, principlesand practical experience. The general aims and specific objectives of participatory mapping initiatives vary significantly depending on theuse to which maps will be put and who will view and make decisions based on the content of the maps (IAFD 2009: 4).
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References
Amsten, J. and VanWynsberghe, R.(2005) ‘Community mapping as a researchtool with youth’, Action Research , 3 (4):357-381.
Chambers, R. (2006) ‘Participatorymapping and geographic informationsystems: Whose map? Who is empoweredand who disempowered? Who gains andwho loses?’, The Electronic Journal onInformation Systems in DevelopingCountries (EJISDC) , 25 (2): 1-11.
Chambers, R. (2008) ‘PRA, PLA andpluralism: practice and theory’ in P.Reason and H. Bradbury, The SAGEHandbook of Action Research:Participative Inquiry and Practice, SecondEdition , Sage, London.
Cornwall, A and Pratt, G (eds) (2003)
Pathways to Participation: Reflections onPRA . London: Intermediate TechnologyProductions
Emmel, N. (2008) ‘Participatory socialmapping: an innovative sociologicalapproach’, Real Life Methods, ESRC
National Centre for Social Research . Available at:http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/realities/resources/toolkits/2008-07 -toolkit-participatory-map.pdf Accessed15/05/10.
IAFD (2009), Good practices in participatory mapping. A review preparedfor the International Fund for AgriculturalDevelopment (IFAD) , IAFD.
Mascarenhas, J., Shah, P., Joseph, S.,Jayakaren, R., Devavaram, J.,
Raqmachandran, V., Fernandez, A.,Chambers, R. and Pretty, J. (eds) (1991)Proceedings of the February 1991Bangalore PRA Workshop (RRA Notes 13,
August).
Rambaldi, G. (2005) Who owns the maplegend? The Urban and RegionalInformation Systems Association Journal ,17 (1): 5-13.
WaterAid (2005) Community mapping: atool for community organising, WaterAid,London.
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Further information
About mappingParticipatory Action Research Approachesand Methods: Connecting People,Participation and Place , S. Kindon, R. Painand M. Kesby (Eds), Routledge, New York,2010.
The SAGE Handbook of Action Research:Participative Inquiry and Practice, SecondEdition , Reason, P. and Bradbury, H.(Eds), Sage, London, 2008.
Special edition of the iied journal,Participatory Learning and Action on
participatory mapping and GIS containing17 articles: ‘Mapping for change: practice,
technologies and communication’,Participatory Learning and Action (54),
April 2006. Available at:http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/14507IIED. pdf
Online development and communicationpublication, The Drum Beat 322, publisheda special edition on Participatory Mappingand PGIS with a lot of links and resources:http://www.comminit.com/en/node/341/307
The international online journal PLA Noteshas many articles on participatory
mapping:http://www.planotes.org/pla_backissues/5 4.html
Integrated Approaches to ParticipatoryDevelopment (iapad) – online gateway tocommunity mapping, PGIS and PPGIS:http://www.iapad.org/
Useful resources on mapping, including aPDF on how to do participatory mapping:http://www.participatorytraining.co.uk/Ho w%20to%20do%20participatory%20mappi ng.pdf
NOAA Coastal Services Center, 2009. Available at:
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/cms/human_di mensions/participatory_mapping.pdf
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