Using ODR Data for Decision Making

Using ODR Data for Decision Making

Rob Horner, George Sugai,

Anne Todd, Teri Lewis-Palmer Marilyn Nersesian, Jim Watson

Goals

Define sources of data related to student problem behavior

Define a process for initial use of data for active problem solving.

Build fluency

Assumptions

School has team focused on school-wide behavior support.

Team has an action plan Team meets regularly (weekly, every two

weeks) Team has access to information about

student behavior

Why Collect Discipline Information?

Decision making Professional Accountability Decisions made with data (information)

are more likely to be (a) implemented, and (b) effective

Improving Decision-Making

Problem SolutionFrom

To ProblemProblem

SolvingSolution

Information

Key features of data systems that work.

The data are accurate and valid The data are very easy to collect (1% of staff time) Data are presented in picture (graph) format Data are used for decision-making

The data must be available when decisions need to be made (weekly?)

Difference between data needs at a school building versus data needs for a district

The people who collect the data must see the information used for decision-making.

Office Discipline Referral Processes/Form 2

Coherent system in place to collect office discipline referral data Faculty and staff agree on categories Faculty and staff agree on process Office Discipline Referral Form includes needed

information Name, date, time Staff Problem Behavior, maintaining function Location

Organizing Data for “active decision-making”

Counts are good, but not always useful To compare across months use “average

office discipline referrals per day per month”

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Refe

rrals

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Month

Total Ref versus Ref/Day/MoNV High School

0

1

2

3

4

5 M

ean R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Month

Total Ref versus Ref/Day/Mo

Using Data for On-Going Problem Solving

Start with the decisions not the data Use data in “decision layers” (Gilbert, 1978)

Is there a problem? (overall rate of ODR) Localize the problem

(location, problem behavior, students, time of day)

Get specific Don’t drown in the data It’s “OK” to be doing well Be efficient

? Problem ?

Beh Location Time Studentof

Day

Setting A B C D E F G H I J K

Locations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Times A B C D E F G H I J K

Students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Problem ?

Systems ?

Local/Individual ?

Problem ?

Systems ?

Local/Individua l ?

Problem ?

Systems ?

Local/Individual ?

Is there a problem?

Office Referrals per Day per Month Attendance Faculty Reports

Interpreting Office Referral Data:Is there a problem?

Absolute level (depending on size of school) Middle Schools (>5 per day) Elementary Schools (>1.5-2 per day)

Trends Peaks before breaks? Gradual increasing trend across year?

Compare levels to last year Improvement?

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthThis Year

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year

Is There a Problem? #1Maintain - Modify - Terminate

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

School Months



0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthThis year (Middle)


0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months


What systems are problematic? Referrals by problem behavior?

What problem behaviors are most common? Referrals by location?

Are there specific problem locations? Referrals by student?

Are there many students receiving referrals or only a small number of students with many referrals?

Referrals by time of day? Are there specific times when problems occur?

Referrals by Problem Behavior

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

Lang Achol ArsonBombCombsDefianDisruptDressAgg/fgtTheftHarassProp D Skip Tardy Tobac Vand Weap

Types of Problem Behavior

Referrals per Prob Behavior


0

5

10

15

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals




Referrals per Location

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of O

ffic

e R

efe

rrals

Bath RBus A Bus Caf ClassComm Gym Hall Libr Play G Spec Other

School Locations

Referrals by Location


0

5

10

15

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals




0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of O

ffic

e R

efe

rrals


School Locations


Referrals per Student

0

10

20

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

per

Stu

dent

Students

Referrals per Student

0

10

20

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

per

Stu

dent

Students

Students per Number of Referrals

Referrals by Time of Day

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:0010:3011:00 11:3012:0012:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30

Time of Day


Decision-making

• Is there a problem?

• What areas/systems are involved?

• Are there many students or a few involved?

• What kinds of problem behaviors areoccurring?

• When are these behaviors most likely?

• What is the most effective use of ourresources to address this problem?

Examples

Trevor Test Phoenix Elementary Crone Middle ODR Summary

Action: Review data and respond

Is there a problem? What system(s) are in need of

attention? What intervention options would you

recommend be considered?

Trevor Test Middle School

565 students

Grades 6,7,8

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months


0

10

20

30

40

50 N

um

ber

of R

efe

rrals




Students by Major Referrals

0

5

10

15

20

25

301 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

Students

Num

ber

of R

efer

rals

0

20

40

60

80 N

um

ber

of O

ffic

e R

efe

rrals


School Locations


0

10

20

30

40

50 N

um

ber

of R

efe

rrals

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:0010:3011:00 11:3012:0012:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30

Time of Day


Phoenix Elementary

Using Data For Decision-Making

You are the EBS team for Phoenix Elementary. 265 students k-5

Do you have a problem? Where? With Whom? What other information might you want? Given what you know, what considerations

would you have for possible action?

0

1

2

3

4

5

Mean S

tudent C

onta

cts

per

Day

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June

School Months

Phoenix Student DisciplineContacts

Year 1Year 2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Num

ber

of S

tudent C

onta

cts

Playgd ClassRestrm Caf OtherLocation

Phoenix ElementaryLocations

Year 1Year 2

Phoenix Elementary ODR per Student

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

161 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

Students

Nu

mbe

r of S

tude

nt c

onta

cts

Phoenix Elementary ODR per Time of Day

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Time of Day

Num

ber o

f Ref

erra

ls

Crone Middle School Simulation

416 students

6,7, 8th grades

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Crone Middle SchoolAve Referrals Per Day

0

50

100

150

200

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

BusLunchFieldsClassCommGymLockrHall LMCOther

Locations

Crone Middle SchoolReferrals by Location

0

50

100

150

200

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrasl

Lang InsubDisrupAgresTheftHarasCombVandelSkip Fight Safe TardyOther

Problem Behaviors

Crone Middle SchoolReferrals by Problem Behavior

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

f j l n p t ac ae e r y ab h b m a

Students

Crone Middle SchoolReferrals by Students (2+)

ODRs per Teacher/Staff: Crone Middle School

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Teachers/Staff

Num

ber

of r

efer

rals

Action: Examine your own school data

USE ODR ORGANIZATION TEMPLATE Fill in the data patterns for your school

Is there a problem? What system(s) are in need of attention? What intervention options would you


Using ODR Data for Decision Making

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