Using music as a production of interethnic

consensus/differentiation

SCARDUA, AndersonSOUZA FILHO, Edson

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em psicologia

Objectives• To investigate how music is represented,

according to ethnic groups;

• To investigate the relations between these representations and musical likes and dislikes;

• To investigate the possibility of the utilization of music as a way to demarcate/reflect socio-cultural differences among the groups.

• PARTICIPANTS:

243 - SELF-DEFINED AS:

141 White

73 Mixed

29 Black

• QUESTIONS

WHAT IS MUSIC TO YOU? WRITE WHATEVER YOU WANT.

WHICH MUSICAL STYLES ARE YOU USED TO LISTEN TO?

WHICH MUSICAL STYLES DO YOU LIKE LESS?

Categories• Way of expression – feelings (is an expression;

reflects what I am feeling); • Stimulate/provoke emotions/sensations (makes me

feel fine; provokes a good sensation);• Entertainment/distraction (helps time pass;

entertainment); • Therapeutic function (relieve the stress; relax;

meliorate melancholy); • Work instrument (it’s my job; it’s my profession); • Technical music descriptions (is melody; harmonic

sonority); • Escape from reality (dream; trip);

• Musical likes/dislikes (I like heavy metal; I just don’t like pagode);

• Comparison with other arts and generic descriptions of music as an art (it’s poetry; it’s culture; it’s a kind of art; it’s useful to dance);

• State of mind and psychological adjectives (happiness; tranquility; state of mind; inspiration);

• Stimulate reflection/thinking (make us reflect about our lives; expression of thoughts, ideas);

• Background for life (accompany me in every moments; is a background for daily life);

• Diversity/relativism (we could not say if it is good or bad, there are ears and ears, hearts and hearts; doesn’t matter the style; it is everything around people);

• Necessity/like music (I wouldn’t know how to live without it; it’s life; I adore).

Table 1: Percentages of themes used to represent music, according to ethnic groups _______________________________________________________________________Categories/groups Whites Mixed Blacks

______________________________________________ F. % F. % F. %

_______________________________________________________________________

Way of expression – Feelings 40 13,60 24 16,00 6 9,37

Provoke emotions/Sensations 38 12,92 17 11,33 4 6,25

Entertainment/ distraction 35 11,90 18 12,00 14 21,87

Therapeutic function 33 11,22 11 7,33 4 6,25

Work instrument 4 1,36 3 2,00 0 0

Technical descriptions 32 10,88 13 8,66 6 9,37

Escape from reality 10 3,40 6 4,00 2 3,12

Musical likes/dislikes 10 3,40 0 0 1 1,56

Comparison with other arts 38 12,92 12 8,00 9 14,06

State of mind 9 3,06 19 12,66 8 12,5

Stimulate reflection/Thinking 15 5,10 9 6,00 10 15,62

Background for life 5 1,70 2 1,33 0 0

Diversity/relativism 12 4,08 7 4,66 0 0

Necessity/like music 13 4,42 9 6,00 0 0___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________χ2= 52,377; gl= 26; p<0,0016 (comparison among all groups); χ2= 25,54; gl=13; p<0,0196 (comparison between Whites and Mixed); χ2= 34,155; gl=13; p<0,0011 (comparison between Whites and Blacks)χ2= 23,369; gl=13; p<0,0375 (comparison between Blacks and Mixed)

White % Mixed % Black %

Rock 16,5 Rock 14 MPB 14,1

MPB 14,9 MPB 14 Hip-hop 10,1

Pop 8,1 Pagode 8,7 Rock 9,1

Hip-hop 5,7 Pop 7,3 Pagode 7,1

Electronic 5,2 Electronic 6,3 Brazilian Pop

7,1

Classical 5,2 Hip-hop 5,8 Pop 7,1

Chart 1: Musical Likes

Chart 2: Musical Dislikes

White % Mixed % Black %

Brazilian Funk

28,7 Brazilian Funk

21,3 Brazilian Funk

26,7

Pagode 21,1 Pagode 17,7 Pagode 21,7

Sertanejo 8,4 Forró 8,5 Sertanejo 10

Axé 8 Sertanejo 8,5 Samba 6,7

• Contact:

andersonscardua@gmail.com