USING MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY AND GIS TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF URBAN TREES FOR...
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USING MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY AND GIS
TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF URBAN TREES FOR
JONESBORO, ARKANSAS
By: Jennifer Worlow
Introduction Trees perform functions such as:• Save energy• Improve water quality• Reduce soil erosion• Provide wildlife habitat• Aesthetic value
Tree Inventory
• City of Jonesboro• Chamber of commerce• $20,000 forestry assistant grant • Burditt
ObjectivesAssess the benefits of trees
Measure air pollution removedMeasure carbon storage and sequestrationStormwater mitigation
AnalysisAerial imageryLandsatGISArcViewImagineGPSCITYgreen
Benefits of a Green InfrastructureEnvironmentalEconomicalSocialPhysiological
Measurement MethodsTree sizeTree speciesTree conditionTree maintenance costs
Literature ReviewPrevious CITYgreen reports
Fayetteville, 2002: Objective was to map landcover change over a 15 year period using Landsat imagery, high-resolution multi-spectral imagery, and aerial imagery.
American Forests UEA reported 1% decline.
Other StatesTexas CaliforniaNorth CarolinaTennessee
Temperature reduction purposesDollars lost due to deforestation
Jonesboro’s Urban ForestSouthern Hills Mall
Approximately one hundred and thirty-eight acres of trees were destroyed with the proposed development.
City of Jonesboro City AppraisalTrunk Formula Method
Based on removal costApproximately 250 thousand dollars
in tree value within city limits.Approximately 210 thousand dollars
in tree value in rural areas
Bad Data?According to Dwyer in 2002
2.9 percent tree cover using 30 meter Landsat from 2000 and one kilometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from 1991.
Methods and Materials• Landsat 30 meter resolution imagery• Single bands 1-5 and 7• Obtained June 21, 2003• Flight path 23 row 35
Landsat 5
Landsat scene for the Jonesboro area (path 23, row
35) acquired on June 21, 2003
Classified thirty-meter Landsat scene depicting the
land cover types used in the analysis of CITYgreen.
One-meter color infrared digital ortho photoquad of the construction site for the proposed Jonesboro Southern Hill’s mall (green outlined area) obtained February 6, 2001.
ArcGIS and CITYgreen together
The recoded image from ERDAS Imaging was brought into ArcGIS for the CITYgreen analyis.
The CITYgreen analysis presented a report of the different groundcover types and pollution removal percentages.
Results and DiscussionAir Pollution Removal:
CITYgreen shows the tree canopy to be at 17.6% within the Jonesboro city limits.
Pollutants removed are sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and PM10
Landcover Percentages
CITYgreen air pollution removal
Canopy at 17.6% Lbs. Removed/year Dollar Value Carbon Monoxide 34,084 $14,546 Ozone 409,007 $1,256,558 Nitrogen Dioxide 195,982 $602,101 Particulate Matter 306,755 $629,207 Sulfur Dioxide 85,210 $63,947 Totals 1,031,038 $2,566,358
Alternate scenariosWith a feasible 10% increase in tree canopy,
the dollars saved for stormwater mitigation would increase from having to pay 148 million to paying 30 million.
At 40% canopy: stormwater mitigation falls to 5.5 million dollars.
Other BenefitsAestheticPhysicalPsychologicalSpiritual Property Value
ConclusionThe production of carbon worldwide is
beyond what the earth’s vegetation can compensate for in oxygen.
Studies have shown that a car burns more oxygen in one minute than a tree can produce in one day.
On the contrary, one tree produces enough oxygen for a family of four to live off of.
Benefits of TreesTrees provide homes, food, and shelter for
numerous animals. Living trees that have decayed wood,
hollowed trees, broomed trees, dead trees, and logs, all have different purposes in sustaining the health within an environment.