Using GRAPHICS

Bristol Community CollegeBristol Community CollegeCIS 13 Business Creativity

Sources: Conference for Desktop Publisher and Others

Using GRAPHICS

What is Clip Art?Originally, artwork that was purchased and clipped

out before using. Clip art…

• Can be used to add interest

• Can create focal points

• Can enhance a publication

• Can be modified

• Can be overused

• Cannot be used without permission

– unless it’s royalty-free

Using GRAPHICS

Where do we find Clip Art?

Collections on CD

Web sites

Original art

1 Raster• Dots

2 Vector • Drawn by a mathematical formula

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSTwo basic forms of Images

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICS Raster Images Bitmapped Stored in grids like graph paper Typical formats:

jpeg, tiff, gif, and bmp files

It only makes the dots bigger

• it doesn’t create more dots

It creates “jaggies,”

or jagged edges

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSDo Not Enlarge Raster Images

Using GRAPHICS

Two Types of Raster Art:Line Art + Continuous ToneLine Art

No gradation of tones• Every pixel is black or white• Example: Pen and ink drawing

To appear smooth, use high density of dots• 1200 pixels per inch is recommended• PostScript language supports 600 ppi (pixels per

inch) or dpi (dots per inch)

• Scan and print at 600 dpi to achieve effect

Using GRAPHICS

Two Types of Raster Art:Line Art + Continuous ToneContinuous Tone Many shades and levels

• Examples: Photographs and paintings

Screening creates impression of variable tone• Actually, density of dots create the illusion

Types:• Grayscale (black, white, gray)• Duotone (two colors)• Color (cyan, yellow, magenta, and black)

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSVector Art is created by curves using a mathematic

formula

Created in a drawing and painting program like Illustrator, Freehand, or Corel Draw

Save as an EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) file

Can be enlarged without “jaggies”

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSVector to Raster and Back Open a vector file in Quark, Illustrator or

Powerpoint and it stays a vector file

Open a vector file in Photoshop, it becomes bitmapped or rasterized.

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSPhotos Photos are bitmapped/raster images Scan them at the finished size The higher the resolution, the better the

quality, but the output device determines the dpi

• Monitor = 72 dpi • Laser printer = 300-600 dpi• Image setter = 1200 - 2450 dpi

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSScanning TipsType of Graphic:On Screen/WebPrintEnlarging Photo

Scan at:72 - 100 dpi200 - 300 dpiMaximum

File Format:JPEGTIFFTIFF

Remember: Higher resolution = larger files 4”x6” b&w 8 bits 300 dpi 2.2. MB 4”x6” color 24 bit 73 dpi 360K 4”x6” color 24 bit 300 dpi 6.5 MB 8”x10” color 24 bit 600 dpi 84.4 MB

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSMore Scanning Tips Scan at the level of the image

• If an image was created at 300 dpi, scan it at

300 dpi

Scanning a 300 dpi at 600 dpi pulls forward imperfections

Enlarging Raster Images Scanning Formula:(final width/width of original image) x final ppi = scan

ppi

example: (8 inches/4 inches) x 300 ppi = 600 ppi

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSSaving Graphics for WEB GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

• Good for sharp lines, but large files JPEG (Joint Photographic Exports Group)

• Excellent for reducing large images into small files PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

• Free alternative to GIF, becoming more widely used Avoid BMP (art, wmp and pict)

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHICSSaving Graphics for Print TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)

• Best choice and most common• Works on both Mac and PC• Can be large files• Industry standard

EPS (Encapsulated Post Script)• Includes the PostScript instructions• Avoid if saving publication as an EPS document

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHIC ResourcesSome Pay Sites jupiterimages.com photodisc.com corbis.com arttoday.com istockphoto.com fotosearch.com fotolia.com

Using GRAPHICS

GRAPHIC ResourcesSome Free Sites thefreesite.com iconbazaar.com fontface.com microsoft.com/clipgallerylive artvex.com