Using Energy All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy. Where do dogs...
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Transcript of Using Energy All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy. Where do dogs...
Using Energy
• All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy.
Where do dogs get their glucose?
THEIR FOOD
Where do plants get their glucose?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Okay, so you’ve eaten a good meal & there’s plenty of glucose in your body. Is this energy ready to be used?
NOYour body needs to convert glucose into a form of
energy that it can use.
Remember! ATP is the form of energy that your body can use, so glucose needs to be converted into ATP!
Glucose ATP
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
• The process of converting stored energy (glucose) into energy the cell can use (ATP)
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
GLUCOSE( C6H12O6 )
OSE12O6 )
GLUC ( C6H
OSE12O6 )
GLUC ( C6H
OSE12O6 )
GLUC ( C6H
ENERGYATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
Chain
Fermentation
If Oxygen is
Available
If No Oxygen is Available
CR begins with Glycolysis.
If oxygen is available, the next step is the Krebs Cycle & ETC.
If no oxygen is available, the next
step is fermentation.
Glycolysis
1. The process by which glucose molecules are split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules while in the cytoplasm; 2 ATP are produced
2 pyruvic acid molecules
Glycolysis
• The pyruvic acid may enter the mitochondria & complete aerobic respiration…
OR• It can remain in the cytoplasm & undergo anaerobic
respiration.
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
If Oxygen is
Available
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen Available)
2. The pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria & enters the Krebs Cycle.
3. During the Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP are produced as well as 2 electron carrying molecules (NADH & FADH2).– NADH & FADH2 carry
excited electrons.
KREBS CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
CO2 is also produced as a byproduct of the Krebs Cycle!
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
Chain
If Oxygen is
Available
Aerobic Respiration
4. Electron Transport Chain: energized electrons are moved through the electron transport chain, generating 32 ATP.
The ETC takes place in the membranes of the mitochondria. The electrons are carried through the ETC by proteins, which generates ATP.
The energy from the electrons causes hydrogen ions (H+) to flow through the mitochondrial membrane.
The flow of H+ ions drives ATP Synthase, which produces ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
5. Lastly, O2 accepts the used electrons & forms H2O & some energy is lost as heat.
KREBS CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Where does glycolysis take place?
A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast
Cytoplasm!
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast
Mitochondria!
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast
Mitochondria!
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• Step 1 – Glycolysis, 2 ATP produced
• Step 2 – Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP produced
• Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain, 32 ATP produced
36 ATP produced TOTAL!
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Fermentation
If No Oxygen is Available
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
• Occurs if NO oxygen is available!
• 2 types of fermentation could occur:– Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into lactic
acid– Alcoholic Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into ethyl
alcohol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Occurs in muscle cells– Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles, which causes pain &
soreness.
• Also used by bacteria, which are used in food production (yogurt, sourdough bread, pickles, etc.)
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Yeast & other microorganisms perform this.– Carbon dioxide is a byproduct. – Used to help us make bread (CO2 makes the bread rise) &
wine.
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast
Cytoplasm!
Which pathway produces more ATP?
A. Aerobic RespirationB. Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic! Aerobic produces 36 ATP,
while anaerobic only produces 2 ATP.