'Using digital learning technologies to support special needs' by Professor Diana Laurillardd
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Transcript of 'Using digital learning technologies to support special needs' by Professor Diana Laurillardd
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Using digital technologies to support special needs
Diana LaurillardCentre for Educational NeuroscienceUCL, Institute of Education, Birkbeck
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Roles of technology enhanced learning
To provide more productive learning experiences for SEN learners
To engage teachers in exploring new pedagogies to exploit findings of neuroscience
To give parents an active role in assisting their children who have special needs
Adaptive programs
Shareable, editable pedagogic programs
Personalised home‐based learning, online
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Inability to learn reading/
arithmetic
Dyslexics have phonological
problems
Dyscalculicshave numerosity
problems
Improved capabilities?
Core deficit?
Brain network
Pedagogic design
Adaptive intervention programsTeachers &
Learning Technologists
Neuroscientists & Educational psychologistsFrom neuroscience to education…
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Neuroscience and cognitive deficitsDyslexia can be specific deficit in phonology
interventions in phonologyimprovements in performancechanges in brain activity
McCandliss example??
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Dummy slide
• Demo of McCandliss example of technology for dyslexia
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Neuroscience and cognitive deficitsDyslexia and dyscalculia often occur togetherDyscalculia can be specific deficit in numerosity – “lack of number sense”
interventions on numerosity tasksimprovements in performance
But little work so far, and few teachers
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What is dyscalculia?Where does 8 go?Normal response
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 “Start again”
What is dyscalculia?Where does 8 go?
Dyscalculic response(points and counts)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
What is dyscalculia?Where does 8 go?
Dyscalculic response(points and counts)
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Twin study in progress (UCL)
Evidence of dyscalculia:Significant difference between numeracy tests and IQ tests for ~7% of sample
Dyscalculics are significantly worse on Dot enumeration, but not on IQ or Vocabulary. (Landerl et al, 2004; Butterworth, 2005)
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A core deficit of numerosity processingAppears to be heritableAffects ~3-6% of the population Can be diagnosed, e.g. test dot enumeration
The neuroscience of dyscalculia
How many are there?Which is more?
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From diagnosis to educational remedy?No clear logical pathway
use established pedagogical principlesuse ideas from best practitionersuse technology to capture and test ideas
From neuroscience to education
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Pedagogy in use
• SEN methods use 1-1 teacher-pupil interactions
• Other pupils given individual and paired tasks
• Manipulation of special materials (Cuisenaire, dot pattern cards, dice, number lines, beads, counters, etc)
• Talk plays a key role – pupil has to describe the task, the goal, the action, and the repair
• Games help to align teacher-pupil task goals
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Pedagogic principlesConstructionism (Papert & Harel): a task environment that affords learning:
makes task goal meaningful to the learnerlets them act to achieve that goal feeds back the result in relation to the goalmotivates revisions to improve
Good SEN teachers set up these kinds of tasksSome success, but limited, and local
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Features of learning technology
Clear task goalIntrinsic feedback on actionsEnables revision of actions using feedbackAdaptive to learner performanceSelf-paced learningSimple interfaceCustomizable so teachers can design tasks
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Numeracy software often confusingLearning to recognise dot patterns
Confusing interfaceRandom generation of level of task
How many dots?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Done
3
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How many dots?
Numeracy software often confusingLearning to recognise dot patterns
Answer conflicts with learner action Extrinsic feedback, not meaningful
No action revision: so does not elicit reflection
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The answer is 4 DoneNext
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Intervention study in progress
SEN groups (3 inYr 3, 4 in Yr 4) Identified by teacher testsNormal groups (8 in Yr 1, 10 in Yr 2) Dot enumeration task:
Recognise, not count how many dotsCard patterns and random patternsSelf-paced and time-limitedFeedback shows match to number lineAsked to construct repair if wrong
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Demo program
Live link to program running on laptop
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Dummy slide – represents program
5
How many are there?
11
11
11
111
111
11
11
11
111 2 3 4 5 6
Shows result of learner’s inputShows meaning of patterns in relation to number lineProgram tracks accuracy and speed of responseSelects next task within ZPD
This is five
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One SEN pupil, Year 4Time on task – 18 minutes over 5 trials
Evaluation (of learner)
• Few errors on self-paced trials, because counting• Time limited to 1sec increases errors• Next trials limit time to 3secs, then 2 secs
Errors gradually reduce till they can do it in 1 sec
As the program adapts the time of display to learner performance they can gradually learn to recognise, rather than count the dotsBut is this a change at the neural level?
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Engaging teachers
http://low-numeracy.ning.com
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Technology for SEN interventionsLearners
Opportunity for unsupervised repeated practice Easier manipulation than physical objectsVirtual environments link physical to abstract
TeachersCaptures pedagogic principles for revisionEnables customisation of tasks by teacherTeachers can share effective pedagogic practice
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The End