GAO-13-678, MILITARY READINESS: Opportunities Exist to Improve
Using Controlled Language to Improve Content Re-Use and Global-Readiness
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Transcript of Using Controlled Language to Improve Content Re-Use and Global-Readiness
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Using Controlled Language to Improve Re‐Use and Global Readiness
Link to YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nMLXtoK0hY&feature=youtu.be
Kit Brown‐Hoekstra, Comgenesis, LLCVisiting TC Dojo Master
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Kit Brown‐Hoekstra• Principal, Comgenesis, LLC• STC Fellow• STC Immediate Past President• Editor, The Language of
Localization (coming Fall 2016)• 25 years in Tech Com and
localization, primarily in life sciences
• Blog: www.pangaeapapers.com• Twitter: @kitcomgenesis
(c) 2016, Comgenesis, LLC 27 March 2016
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Some Qs for You
• Where are you in the decision‐making process regarding terminology management or controlled language?
• What CMS are you using?• What are your top challenges with localization and content development?
• How many languages do you currently localize into?
• What percentage of your customers are ESL?
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Agenda
• Definitions and Context• Risks of Getting it Wrong• Best Practices • ROI
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Definitions and Context
“Terminology is like laundry. Just when you’ve got everything cleaned up, it’s time to do it again.”
—Val Swisher, CEO Content Rules
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Controlled Language
“Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are subsets of natural languages, obtained by restricting the grammar and vocabulary in order to reduce or eliminate ambiguity and complexity. Traditionally, controlled languages fall into two major types: those that improve readability for human readers (e.g. non‐native speakers), and those that enable reliable automatic semantic analysis of the language.”‐http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_language
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Brief History
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AECMA Simplified English(European Aerospace Industries Association (AECMA))
Controlled English(CE)
International Language for Service and
Maintenance (ILSAM)
Caterpillar Technical English
(CTE)
ASD Simplified English (ASD-STE100)(Aerospace & Defence Industries Association (ASD))
Caterpillar Fundamental English (CFE)(Caterpillar)
Basic English(Charles Kay Ogden)19
321970
1972
/199
01980
2005
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Some Context
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EnglishNumber of English words: 1,035,877*
*As of January 1, 2016 according to the Global Language Monitorhttp://www.languagemonitor.com/number-of-words/number-of-words-in-the-english-language-1008879/
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Other Languages
Depending on whom you ask:• French: 500,000‐700,000• Spanish: 300,000‐350,000• Chinese: 100,000‐150,000
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Number of Native Speakers*
1. Chinese: 1.3 billion2. Spanish: 427 million3. English: 339 million4. Arabic: 267 million5. Hindi 260 million6. Portuguese 202 million_________
13. German: 77 million14. French: 76 million
*As of 2016, from Ethnologue.comhttp://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size
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Comprehension
• Basic Oral: 2,000 words• Basic Written: 3,000 words• Basic Technical: 4‐5,000 words• University‐Level Text: 10,000 words• Fluency: 20,000 words• Native speaker (adult): 30‐40,000 words
From http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd518.pdf
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Complexity of English
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the 500 words used most in the English language each have an average of 23 different meanings
•“SET” has 446 definitions• “RUN” has 396 definitions• “GO” has 368 definitions• “TAKE” has 343 definitions• “STAND” has 334 definitions
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Risks of Getting it Wrong
“Often, the idea that there can be a wide range of translations of one text doesn't occur to people ‐ or that a translation could be bad, very bad, and unfaithful to the original.”
‐‐Lydia Davis
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Translations Gone Wrong
Images: www.engrish.com
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Inconsistencies Cost Money
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Inconsistencies Cost Money
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Best Practices (aka How to Get it Right)
“Every day that we spent not improving our products was a wasted day.”
— Joel Spolsky
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Management Buy‐in
Image: vichie81 / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Cross‐Functional Teams
Image: jscreationzs / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Documented Plans & Processes
Image: renjith krishnan / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Change Management
Image: ningmilo / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Style Guides & Templates
http://mfgblog.maryjanesfarm.org/Uploads/Image/Culinary%20Carpentry/cutting%20out%20templates.JPG
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Terminology Management
• Early in process• Master glossary• In‐country reviewer buy‐in• Technical terminology differences even in English dialects
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Good Tech Comm Practices
Image: Simon Howden / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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QA & Periodic Audits
Image: jannoon028 / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Measurable Results
Image: Grant Cochrane / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Cost/Benefit Analysis
Image: dream designs / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Training
Image: renjith krishnan / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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ROI Projection
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Survey ResultsA survey amongst HyperSTE users showed that the use of HyperSTEresulted in the following benefits:
Up to 30% in cost savings on translation and localization
Up to 40% in reduced word count
Quality improvement in writing and translations
Up to 30% in reduced product cycle time
Up to 40% reduction in overall documentation cost
Efficient conversion of legacy documents
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Implementation Checklist
• Get buy‐in from upper management and cross‐functionally
• Create a transition/implementation plan• Do training and change management (the human kind)
• Build extra time into the schedule for the initial projects
• Consider using tools to support and automate your efforts
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Additional Resources• ASD‐STE100 specification: www. asd‐ste100.org• Brown‐Hoekstra, Katherine. (2013) “Benefits of Using Controlled Language”, GALA blog:
https://www.gala‐global.org/blog/benefits‐using‐controlled‐language• Dublin Core:
http://dublincore.org/resources/training/dc‐2004/english/DC‐2004_Tutorial_4_en.pdf• Google Site on Controlled Language:
https://sites.google.com/site/controllednaturallanguage/• Muegge, Uwe, November 2013, “Implementing Controlled Language is Now Cheaper and
Easier Than Ever!”, TCWorld (http://www.tcworld.info/rss/article/implementing‐a‐controlled‐language‐is‐now‐cheaper‐and‐easier‐than‐ever/)
• Muegge, Uwe, April 2009, “Controlled Language—Does My Company Need It?”, TCWorld(http://www.tcworld.info/e‐magazine/content‐strategies/article/controlled‐language‐does‐my‐company‐need‐it)
• NPR: http://www.npr.org/2010/12/16/132106374/google‐book‐tool‐tracks‐cultural‐change‐with‐words
• Plain Language Initiative: http://www.plainlanguage.gov/• Porter, Alan (2012) The Content Pool. XML Press.• Rockley, Ann and Cooper, Charles (2012) Managing Enterprise Content, 2nd edition. New
Riders Press.
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Questions?
Kit Brown‐Hoekstra@kitcomgenesis
[email protected]+1 303.243.4452 (cell)
(c) 2016, Comgenesis, LLC 347 March 2016