Using Barcode Similarity Groups to Organize Cortinarius Sequences

by

Emma Harrower

A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto

© Copyright by Emma Harrower 2010

ii

Using Barcode Similarity Groups to Organize Cortinarius

Sequences

Emma Harrower

Master of Science

Name of Graduate Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto

2010

Abstract

To improve fungal identification using a single DNA sequence, I introduce the Barcode

Similarity Group (BSG) defined as a cluster of sequences that share greater than or equal to a

threshold amount of genetic similarity with each other. As a test case, I created 393 BSGs from

2463 Cortinarius ITS sequences using a 94% similarity cut-off value in DOTUR. Some BSGs

may contain multiple species. The BSG database was used to label environmental sequences,

find misidentified or mislabeled sequences, and find potential cryptic species and novel species.

Expert taxonomists will be needed to perform detailed morphological and phylogenetic studies to

identify the individual species within each BSG. The main advantage of using BSGs is that it

clusters together sequences using total genetic relatedness and does not rely on any taxonomy for

identification. A website was created where the RDP Classifier is used to classify a query

sequence into a BSG.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Dr. Jean-Marc Moncalvo for his guidance, and Simona

Margaritescu for her help in the lab. I would like to thank Dr. Nicholas Provart and Hardeep

Nahal for their help with providing me with Perl scripts to use, for providing me an account on

the BAR server and for helping set up a MySQL account for me. I would like to thank Bryn

Dentinger for his understanding of the difficulties I faced and for his encouragement. I would

like to thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement. The National Science

and Engineering Research Council provided funding for this research.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................................................................... III

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ IV

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................................... VI

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................VII

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................VIII

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................. IX

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................1

FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ROLES .................................................................................................................1

SPECIES CONCEPTS IN FUNGI ............................................................................................................................................2

DIFFICULTIES IN IDENTIFYING FUNGAL SPECIMENS.........................................................................................................3

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION ..........................................................................................................................................4

GENBANK AND BLAST....................................................................................................................................................4

THE DNA BARCODING INITIATIVE...................................................................................................................................5

WHAT IS A BARCODE SIMILARITY GROUP?.....................................................................................................................7

THE GENUS CORTINARIUS (AGARICALES, BASIDIOMYCOTINA) ......................................................................................8

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF CORTINARIUS...............................................................................................................9

OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................................................................................................10

CHAPTER 2: THE CREATION OF ITS-RDNA BARCODE SIMILARITY GROUPS FOR THE GENUS

CORTINARIUS (AGARICALES, FUNGI)...................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................12

MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................................................................................15

Obtaining sequences .................................................................................................................................................15

Creating Barcode Similarity Groups .......................................................................................................................15

Matching a query sequence to a BSG ......................................................................................................................16

Web access to the BSG database..............................................................................................................................17

RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................................................................18

ITS sequence diversity and taxonomic accuracy in public databases ...................................................................18

Creating the BSG Database......................................................................................................................................19

Finding misidentified sequences ..............................................................................................................................20

Finding novel and cryptic species ............................................................................................................................21

Collecting and labeling environmental sequences and matching them to voucher specimens ............................21

Metadata retrieved from BSGs.................................................................................................................................21

The BSG Classifier and website ...............................................................................................................................22

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DISCUSSION .....................................................................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 3: GENERAL DISCUSSION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE STUDIES........................28

TAXONOMIC DELIMITATION AND CLASSIFICATION ......................................................................................................28

Delimitation of Species .............................................................................................................................................28

Classification tools ....................................................................................................................................................30

Fungal identification tools........................................................................................................................................32

BARCODE SIMILARITY GROUPS......................................................................................................................................33

How are BSGs an improvement on the current taxonomic database model? .......................................................33

How the 94% similarity value was chosen ..............................................................................................................33

Uses of BSGs .............................................................................................................................................................34

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS................................................................................................................................................38

CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................................40

LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................................................................................41

FIGURES............................................................................................................................................................................50

TABLES..............................................................................................................................................................................58

APPENDICES....................................................................................................................................................................61

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List of Abbreviations

AFTOL: Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life

BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

BOLD: Barcode of Life Database

BSG: Barcode Similarity Group

CBC: compensatory base pair change

CO1: cytochrome c oxidase I

DDBJ: DNA Databank of Japan

DOTUR: Distance Based OTU and Richness Determination

EMBL: European Molecular Biology Laboratory

FESIN: Fungal Environmental Sampling and Informatics Network

MEGAN: Metagenome Analyzer

NCBI: National Centre for Biotechnology Information

INSD: International Nucleotide Sequence Database

ITS: Internal Transcribed Spacer

MOR: a Perl script package developed by Hibbett et al. (2005) that performs automated phylogenetic taxonomy on mushroom-forming fungi.

MOTU: molecular operational taxonomic unit

RDP: Ribosomal Database Project

SAP: Statistical Assignment Program

UNITE: User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhizal database group

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Steps taken to create the Barcode Similarity Groups. (p. 50)

Figure 2: Accumulation of Cortinarius ITS sequences in GenBank over time. (p. 51)

Figure 3: The number of Barcode Similarity Groups created by DOTUR at different similarity

values. Values were calculated with the 5.8S removed. (p. 52)

Figure 4: Rarefaction curve showing no saturation in the number of BSGs that were created.

(p. 53)

Figure 5. Maximum parsimony bootstrap consensus tree of a cluster of 168 Cortinarius

sequences with 80% similarity. (p. 54)

Figure 6: The proportion of Barcode Similarity Groups that contain one or more different

specific epithets. The number of epithets found within a BSG ranged from zero to ten. A

BSG that contains no specific epithets contains only environmental and/or unidentified

voucher specimens. (p. 56)

Figure 7: The percent of labeled sequences whose specific epithets are found in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6

different BSGs compared to the number of all the labeled sequences. (p. 57)

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List of Tables

Table 1: Sequences that were removed from analysis because they BLASTed to genera other than Cortinarius. (p. 58)

Table 2: Specific epithets that were found in more than one Barcode Similarity Group (BSG) and the total number of BSGs they were found in. (p. 61)

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List of Appendices

Appendix 1. Screenshot of the BLAST result from GenBank Accession GQ159883.

Misidentified sequences, environmental sequences and unidentified sequences are present

and uncategorized. (p. 62)

Appendix 2. List of sequences in the MySQL database each containing unique identification

numbers, collection numbers, species names, BSG numbers, the continent of origin and

the forest habitat. (p. 63)

Appendix 3: List of all BSGs containing environmental sequences in the BSG database and the

presence or absence of unidentified or identified vouchers in the same BSG. (p. 214)

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Fungal diversity and ecological roles

The Kingdom Fungi encompasses a diverse group of eukaryotes ranging from unicellular

to filamentous, all united by a cell wall made of chitin, and a heterotrophic, absorptive mode of

nutrition. The Kingdom is divided up into eight different phyla: Microsporidia, Chyridiomycota,

Neocallimastigomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota and

Basidiomycota (James et al. 2006, McLaughlin et al. 2009). The number of extant species is

unknown but the estimated number of species is 1.5 million (Hawksworth 2001). There are

approximately 100,000 described species and this number is increasing by about 1.2% per year

(Kirk et al. 2008, McLaughlin et al. 2009).

Fungi play vital ecological roles as decomposers, pathogens, and mutualists (McLaughlin

et al. 2009) and are found in every biome throughout the world from the arctic to the desert

(Robinson 2001; Baptista-Rosas et al. 2007). The only organisms known to be capable of

breaking down lignin are select fungi and bacteria (Tuomela et al. 2000). Thus fungi are integral

to the nutrient cycle of forests. Fungi are pathogens of algae (Gromov et al. 2000), plants, and

animals. They are responsible for crop diseases such as rusts, smut and powdery mildew. For

example, Fusarium graminearum was the pathogen responsible for the loss of over 2.6 billion

dollars to US agriculture in the 1990’s (McMullen et al. 1997). In animals, Geomyces

destructans is associated with white-nosed bat syndrome and may be responsible for the deaths

of thousands of North American bats (Gargas et al. 2009, Zimmerman 2009). The chytrid,

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is responsible for the global decline and extinction of >200

amphibian species (Fisher et al. 2009, Voyles et al. 2009). As endosymbionts in plant leaves,

beneficial fungi may protect the plant against pathogens (Ownley et al. 2009). They form

symbioses with cyanobacteria and algae to form lichens, helping to break down rock into soil

(Brodo et al. 2001). They are cultivated in fungal gardens by fungivorous ants (Mehdiabadi and

Shultz 2009). They are also present in the gut of certain insects and help break down plant

metabolites (Gibson and Hunter 2010). Approximately 80% of all species of land plants form

beneficial mutualistic mycorrhizal associations with fungi (Wang and Qiu 2006). However, there

is a lack of knowledge about the majority of fungi and the wide range of ecological roles they

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perform. To aid studies of fungal taxonomy and ecology, it is necessary to develop tools for

rapid species identification.

Species concepts in fungi

The delimitation of one fungal species from another is often difficult and there is no one

species concept that is widely applicable to all fungi. Mycologists often use some combination

of the morphological, ecological, physiological, biological and phylogenetic species concepts

when describing a new species. Historically, researchers have relied heavily on the

morphological species concept to describe new fungi. It is widely used in the Agaricomycetes as

only the fruiting body is generally observed and collected. In the Ascomycota, because of dual

morphologies, the same organism may have two different names at the genus level: One name

corresponding to the sexual state (teleomorph) and the other name pertaining to the asexual state

(the anamorph). However, the morphological species concept does not hold up to scrutiny for the

fungi. Morphological variation is highly plastic and the choice of defining characters is highly

subjective. The range of natural variation within a species is difficult to assess. Armillaria mellea

sensu lato was once thought to be a single highly variable species with a worldwide distribution

(Pegler 2000). By testing for intersterility, ten different species of A. mellea were identified in

North America and five species were identified in Europe, many of which are morphologically

indistinguishable (Ullrich and Anderson 1978, Anderson and Ullrich 1979, Pegler 2000).

An ecological species concept (ESC) has been employed to describe many different fungi

based on their ecological niche. The ESC defines a species as “a lineage (or a closely related set

of lineages) which occupies an adaptive zone minimally different from that of any other lineage

in its range and which evolves separately from all lineages outside its range” (Van Valen 1976).

This species concept makes the a priori assumption that most parasitic or symbiotic fungal

species are host-specific (Moncalvo 2005). However, the extent of host specificity is unknown in

most fungi (Moncalvo 2005), and thus this species concept cannot be used in most cases. The

physiological species concept is closely related in that new species are described if they grow

differently given the same substrate. For example, Pitt (1973) advocated for the identification of

Penicillium species by culturing them on two different types of agar and measuring the water

activity and growth rate in a range of temperatures. Frisvad (1981) suggested extracellular

enzyme production would be useful in Penicillium taxonomy and described two new species

3

based on differing secondary metabolites (Frisvad et al. 1989). However, it is possible that

different strains of the same species have different heat and water tolerances. For example, in

contrast to Penicillium commune, different strains of Penicillium crustosum have different

extrolite profiles and physiological data (Sonjak et al. 2009). It takes a significant amount of

time and scientific expertise to acquire ecological and physiological data. Due to the difficulties

in understanding the complete ecology and physiology of most fungal species, this species

concept cannot be used ubiquitously.

The biological species concept (BSC) is sometimes used in those fungi that can be

cultured such as Armillaria (Anderson and Ullrich 1979), and Ganoderma (Adaskaveg and

Gilbertson 1986). It defines species as interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated

from other populations (Mayr 1942). This method of defining species is ineffective for asexual

species and for the majority of fungi that cannot be easily cultured or manipulated (Taylor et al.

2000). Also, populations may be genetically isolated from each other but still retain sexual

compatibility when grown under laboratory conditions (Moncalvo 2005). Thus, while the

biological species concept may hold in specific cases, it cannot be relied upon for the majority of

fungi.

Because of these difficulties, the phylogenetic species concept is now the favoured

species concept in mycology. Its philosophy is that a species should represent a monophyletic

group that shares at least one uniquely derived character from a common ancestor (Moncalvo

2005). Taylor et al. (2000) stressed that multi-gene phylogenies rather than single gene

phylogenies be used to recognize fungal species. The success of the phylogenetic species concept

has led to the use of DNA to help identify fungal species.

Difficulties in identifying fungal specimens

The correct identification of fungal specimens is fraught with difficulties at both the

morphological and molecular level. Fungal taxonomy relies on the examination of asexual or

sexual reproductive states because the vegetative state is usually in the form of a filament and

provides few morphological characters. However, the fruiting of many fungi is irregular and

unpredictable making it difficult to accurately sample the total fungal diversity of a given

location at a particular time. The vast majority of fungi still await discovery and formal

description (Hawksworth 2001, Blackwell et al. 2006). It is highly likely that the discovery of

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many of the "missing fungi" will come through environmental sequence data rather than

traditional cultural methods or fruiting body surveys (Schadt et al. 2003, Porter et al. 2008,

Schmidt et al. 2008). It is therefore warranted to explore within species sequence variation in

order to match environmental sequences to existing species, or to recognize the existence of

novel, cryptic species based on molecular evidence alone.

Molecular identification

If the circumscription of species or higher taxonomic groups can be evaluated by certain

DNA sequences, then surely they can be identified the same way. Carl R. Woese revolutionized

systematic biology when he compared 16S (18S) ribosomal RNA sequence data between species

of different Kingdoms to show that there were three separate domains of life: Bacteria, Archea

and Eukarya (Woese and Fox 1977). Cletus P. Kurtzman was the first to use the D2 domain of

the 5’ end of the large subunit (26S) rRNA to distinguish between different species of yeasts

(Peterson and Kurtzman 1991). Today, the most popular locus for systematics and identification

of fungi at lower taxonomic levels is the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear

ribosomal DNA (Horton et al. 2001, Bruns 2004).

From the very beginning, the ITS region has been used to identify both voucher

specimens and environmental samples. Gardes et al. (1991) focused on selected Laccaria

species to show that the ITS can identify different genera, species and strains of ectomycorrhizal

fungi. Lee and Taylor (1992) showed that the ITS could be used to distinguish between different

species of Phytophora by using phylogenetic reconstruction methods and by comparing the

interspecific variation. They suggested that P. capsici and P. citropthora were the same species

based on low interspecific variation. Today, the ITS has been used so much by mycologists that

there are now over 450,000 ITS sequences present in the GenBank database.

GenBank and BLAST

NCBI created GenBank in 1979 in an effort to create a central national public

computerized database of DNA and protein sequences (Brasser 2008). Since then, the

International Nucleotide Sequence Database (INSD) has grown to include the GenBank, EMBL

(European Molecular Biology Laboratory) and DDBJ (DNA Databank of Japan) databases

(Benson et al. 2006). The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST; Altschul et al. 1997) is a

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program that is used to search for short stretches of homologous protein or DNA sequences in

the INSD database. For the purpose of DNA-based identification, BLAST is widely used as a

first step to retrieve published sequences that match a query sequence. Researchers frequently

use the ‘percent identity’ to evaluate the quality of their matches. However, this is a poor

indicator of the overall similarity because it is dependant on the length of the sequence and it has

a high false positive rate (Brenner et al. 1998). Crouch et al. (2009) report that GenBank

misidentified 86% of their Colleototrichum isolates when using BLAST but only 10% were

placed incorrectly when a robust phylogenetic method (maximum likelihood or Bayesian) was

used. In addition, there are several systematic errors that erode the reliability of GenBank

matches (Nilsson et al. 2006). First, GenBank is underpopulated with fungal sequences (Nilsson

et al. 2005), thus confidence in the BLAST score may be overinflated (Munch et al. 2008, U’Ren

et al. 2009). Second, when regions of low species resolution are used, BLAST provides

inaccurate results (Horton et al. 2008). Third, the entries in GenBank may not be labeled

properly, the quality of the sequences may be poor, and voucher material for species annotation

is not always submitted (Bridge et al. 2003, Vilgalys 2003, Bidartondo et al. 2008, Crouch et al.

2009). Bridge et al. (2003) estimated that up to 20% of the sequences in GenBank may be

unreliable. Bidartondo et al. (2008) called for a community curated annotation process that

would allow third parties to improve the annotation of sequences. The DNA barcoding initiative

is an effort to improve the identification of specimens by using a database of well identified and

well documented voucher specimens and by using a superior algorithm to find conspecific

sequences.

The DNA barcoding initiative

The Barcode of Life initiative started in 2003 at the University of Guelph and is being

spearheaded by Paul Hebert (Hebert et al. 2003). Since then, the international community has

rallied around this idea. The goal of DNA barcoding is to use a single sequence of DNA to

rapidly distinguish between different species. This initiative has also developed the Barcode of

Life Database (BOLD; Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), which differs from GenBank in that it

has strict guidelines to ensure data quality and retrieval. For instance, DNA trace files

(chromatograms) must be deposited together with sequences, and voucher specimens must have

detailed documentation (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).

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The ITS region has now been accepted by BOLD as the primary target region for a first-

level approximation in identifying fungal species. The cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) gene was

originally proposed to be used as the universal identifier for all eukaryotes (Hebert et al. 2003)

but it does not work well for plants and fungi (Kress and Erickson 2008, Seifert 2009, Vialle et

al. 2009). The ITS region was selected as the primary barcode sequence for fungi because of its

ease of amplification using universal primers and its ability to differentiate between different

genera, species and varieties, depending on the group of interest (Nilsson et al. 2008). Its multi-

copy nature and its homogenization through concerted evolution are what make it easy to

amplify (Ganley and Kobayashi 2007). Universal fungal primers can be used to detect almost all

species of all the phyla in the kingdom (Gardes and Bruns 1993). This makes it easy to detect

microfungi, such as chytrids, as well as spores or tissue from environmental samples (Gardes and

Bruns 1993). The ITS region has three subloci of different rates of evolution, ITS1: highly

variable, 5.8S: very conserved, and ITS2: variable to semi-conserved (Hillis and Dixon 1991,

Hershkovitz and Lewis 1996). Its size varies between 450 and 800 bp with very few exceptions.

It is flanked on both its 5' and 3' sides by very conserved regions (SSU [18S] and LSU [28S],

respectively) which simplifies the design of primers targeted at the ITS region. Hundreds of

studies in systematic mycology have used ITS sequences already as 963 papers were found in

PubMed alone using the search words ‘ITS and fungi’ (accessed May 21, 2010).

However, the ITS region does not always work well for species discrimination. For

instance, it cannot resolve well-characterized species in Heterobasidion, Armillaria, Fusarium,

and Penicillium (Chillali et al. 1998, Skouboe et al. 1999, Bruns 2001, Seifert et al. 2007). In

some cases, the ITS will not detect known cryptic species in species complexes (Seifert et al.

2007). In certain taxa, two or more different copies of the ITS may be present in the genome,

creating complications for direct sequencing (Matheny et al. 2007) and ITS paralogues have

been detected in Fusarium and Cantharellus (O’Donnell et al. 1998a, Moncalvo personal

communication). For the ITS to work perfectly as a barcode, there should be a barcode “gap”

where the levels of intra- and interspecific variation do not overlap (Meyer and Paulay 2005).

However, for most fungi, there is a range of genetic variability, both within species complexes

and between species complexes, such that the levels of intra- and interspecific variation do

overlap (Goldstein and DeSalle 2000). The ITS is not equally variable in all groups of fungi, thus

there is no one single similarity cut-off value that can be used for automated species delimitation

7

(Nilsson et al. 2008). Given these limitations, the ITS should only be used for a first level species

approximation.

Because of its ease of amplification and resolution power at the species level, ITS

sequences are also targeted in both the FESIN (Fungal Environmental Sampling and Informatics

Network) (Horton et al. 2008) and UNITE (User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhizal database

group; Kõljalg et al. 2005) initiatives for the identification of fungal species from the

environment, such as mycorrhizal root-tips and soil samples. These initiatives aim to match

environmental sequences with sequences from well-identified vouchered specimens whose

sequences have been deposited in public sequence databases such as GenBank, or in the

specially curated UNITE or BOLD databases.

There are several problems with using GenBank, BOLD and UNITE to identify novel

specimens with the BLAST program. Taxonomic errors, unidentified and environmental

sequences make it difficult to know which sequences are related to each other (Vilgalys 2003).

Misidentified, unidentified and environmental sequences contribute to the diversity of fungi but

may not ever be represented in curated vouchered databases such as BOLD or UNITE. To

accommodate undescribed species, misidentified species, species complexes, cryptic species and

environmental sequences, it is necessary to develop a method of grouping similar sequences

based on genetic relatedness, rather than taxonomy.

What is a Barcode Similarity Group?

In this thesis, I introduce the concept of creating Barcode Similarity Groups to group

together genetically similar fungal ITS sequences regardless of their taxonomic annotation. A

Barcode Similarity Group (BSG) is a cluster of sequences that share greater than or equal to a

threshold amount of genetic similarity with each other. It differs from a DNA barcode in that the

taxonomic label does not refer to a species. In a BSG, the correlation between species and clades

will not be initially known. Clades may reflect species boundaries well, they may reflect a group

of closely related species or they may reflect a genetically divergent subpopulation within a

species (Horton et al. 2008). Each BSG will have its own genus and number and be placed in a

curated database where human annotations could be updated. The creation of BSGs would

enable identification of genetically similar groups, which would facilitate the sharing of

biogeographic and ecological data, regardless of how the sequence was originally labeled. Once

8

these BSGs have been created, it will be necessary to have trained taxonomists perform detailed

morphological and systematic studies involving multi-gene phylogenies to determine the number

of different species within a BSG. Unlike BLAST, which lists a continuous list of matches, the

BSG classifier only lists those sequences that are the most likely to match the query sequence. In

this thesis, I will explore the use of BSGs to circumvent ambiguous or improperly labeled

sequences to organize these sequences better, leading to improvements in taxonomy and the

collection of sequence data, using the mushroom genus Cortinarius as a test case.

The genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycotina)

The genus Cortinarius Fr. is the largest genus among the agaric fungi (Brandrud et al.

1990). There are 4638 published names of Cortinarius in Index Fungorum (CABI Databases,

http://indexfungorum.org; accessed Jan. 19, 2010). Elias Fries first used the term Cortinarius in

his work “Epicrisis” (1836-38). Moser (1983) recognized six subgenera: Myxacium,

Phlegmacium, Telamonia, Leprocybe, Seriocybe, and Cortinarius. The section Dermocybe was

treated as a separate genus. Brandrud et al. (1990) only recognized four subgenera: Myxacium,

Phlegmacium, Telamonia and Cortinarius. Bidaud et al. (1994) recognized Cortinarius,

Dermocybe, Phlegmacium, Telamonia and Hydrocybe.

Cortinarius is a monophyletic group that is well characterized morphologically by a rusty

brown spore print, warty rough walled spores and a cobweb like partial veil called a cortina

(Peintner et al. 2004). The habit ranges from mycenoid to tricholomatoid, the cap can be dry,

silky, squamose, fibrillose or viscid, and the fruiting bodies can range from brightly coloured to

dull brown (Peintner et al. 2004). However, there are exceptions to this morphology. Taxa

previously classified in Rozites and Cuphocybe have membranous partial veils, Cortinarius

renidens lacks a veil, and Raphacea mariae has olive coloured spores (Peintner et al. 2002).

Molecular studies have revealed the genera Rozites, Cuphocybe, Raphacea, as well as the

secotoid genera Thaxterogaster, Quadrispora, Protoglossum and Hymenogaster were nested

within the Cortinarius clade (Peintner et al. 2001, Peintner et al. 2002). These names have now

been synonymized with Cortinarius. The wide range of morphology in the group makes it

difficult to identify species and categorize them into subgenera (Peintner et al. 2004). Peintner et

al. (2004) showed that all the subgenera within the genus (sensu Moser in Singer 1986) are

polyphyletic with the exception of subgenus Cortinarius. They recognized fourteen clades within

9

Cortinarius. Peintner et al. (unpublished) produced a phylogenetic tree from 5 genes (ITS, LSU,

elongation factor 1-alpha, ATPase subunit 6 and NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5),

which showed short branch lengths in the early diversification of the genus. This study could not

resolve deep phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius, therefore, natural delimitation of

subgenera and sections in the genus remain unclear.

Cortinarius forms beneficial ectomycorrhizal associations with the roots of temperate

trees worldwide. Their host trees primarily belong to the Fagales but they are also found with

members of Pinaceae, Myrtales, Tilia, Ericales, Salicaceae, Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae,

Eucalyptus and Dryas (Bougher et al. 1994, Peintner et al. 2003, Frøslev et al. 2005).

Cortinarius ectomycorrhizae have also been reported associated with herbaceous species such as

Kobresia myosuroides (Cyperaceae) (Muhlmann and Peintner 2008), Carex flacca and C.

pilulifera (Cyperaceae) (Harrington and Mitchell 2002). They are the dominant ectomycorrhizal

fungal group in terms of species diversity and above ground biomass in temperate forests

(Brandrud et al. 1989-1998). Wright et al. (2009) found that the genus Cortinarius accounted for

32% of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in a single stand of Western Hemlock (Tsuga

heterophylla) forest. They also found differences in Cortinarius species composition between

different stands that varied in nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The abundance of the genus in

temperate forests, the difficulty in identifying morphological species and its ecological

importance make Cortinarius a good candidate for using molecular identification.

Molecular identification of Cortinarius

The main source of sequences for identifying species of Cortinarius is GenBank. There

are 2891 sequences labeled as Cortinarius, Dermocybe, Thaxterogaster, Protoglossum,

Quadrispora or Cuphocybe in GenBank (accessed March 12, 2010). In contrast, UNITE

(accessed April 8, 2010) has only 986 Cortinarius sequences and 105 of these are unidentified.

One unidentified sequence is labeled as Dermocybe. As seen from the number of different names

of genera submitted to GenBank, changes in nomenclature are not kept up to date. There are

1546 unidentified Cortinarius sequences in GenBank according to Emerencia (accessed March

12, 2010; Nilsson et al. 2005). In addition, misidentified Cortinarius sequences are known to

exist in GenBank. There is an abundance of Cortinarius sequences in GenBank, yet the

10

prevalence of unidentified sequences, and misidentified sequences makes it difficult to interpret

the results of a BLAST search.

When viewing the BLAST output of putative, yet unknown Cortinarius sequences, one

cannot determine whether the top hit sequences belong to a single or to multiple putative species

(Appendix 1). Every unidentified and environmental sequence submitted to GenBank is labeled

differently. Cortinarius environmental sequences are labeled ‘Uncultured Ectomycorrhiza’,

‘Uncultured Fungus’, ‘Ectomycorrhizal root-tip’, and ‘Fungal sp.’. Each sequence may be given

with its own collection number, yet the sequences may be 100% identical to each other.

Appendix 1 is a screenshot of the BLAST results of GenBank accession number GQ159883.

Here we see sequences that are identical to each other, yet are labeled as different species. There

are two ectomycorrhiza from two different studies that are labeled using their collection

numbers. A maximum parsimony analysis reveals that GQ159883, GQ159849, GQ159907,

GQ159847, GQ159795, and GQ159852 form a cohesive clade with little variation (data not

shown). Thus, due to the abundance of Cortinarius sequences in GenBank and the large quantity

of misidentified, unidentified and environmental sequences, Cortinarius would be a good test

case for the creation and use of Barcode Similarity Groups.

Objectives

The focus of this thesis is to present and develop the idea of creating and maintaining a

database of sequences that clusters and labels sequences based on their genetic similarity to each

other, rather than relying on the taxonomy submitted by the authors. I will use the genus

Cortinarius as a test case to create Barcode Similarity Groups. The objectives of this thesis are

to:

a) examine the taxonomic diversity and accuracy of ITS sequences labeled Cortinarius in

GenBank and provide examples when using BLAST results to classify sequences gives

inaccurate results.

b) create a BSG database of ITS Cortinarius sequences

c) use a classifier that is capable of automatically classifying a sequence into a BSG and

gives a level of confidence in the classification

d) create a custom BLAST tool that can be used for comparison and to calculate the

percent similarity

11

e) show the usefulness in using the barcode similarity group database to:

i) find misidentified sequences

ii) find novel and cryptic species

iii) collect and label environmental sequences

iv) match environmental sequences to voucher specimens

v) mine the database for metadata such as geographical and ecological data

f) discuss the benefits of using BSGs compared to other ‘barcode’ type databases

In addition, a public website is created where one can submit a query sequence and have

it classified into a BSG. Then, through access to the BSG Database, information about all the

other sequences in that BSG is retrieved.

12

Chapter 2: The Creation of ITS-rDNA Barcode Similarity Groups for the Genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Fungi)

Introduction

Global climate change and rapid habitat loss are threatening the world’s biodiversity. A

global effort is underway to provide a DNA barcode to every single living species on Earth.

(DeSalle et al. 2005, Savolainen et al. 2005) This effort is mainly focused on facilitating species

discovery and aiding biodiversity assessments (Savolainen et al. 2005). The identification of

organisms by use of a DNA barcode requires the existence of a reference database of well-

identified vouchers and a suitable molecular marker that has a ‘barcode gap’ showing higher

inter- than intraspecific variation (Meyer and Paulay 2005). Less than 10% of the total estimated

number of species has been described in the Kingdom Fungi (Hawksworth 2001) and of those

that have been described, many are difficult to identify without taxonomic expertise. Thus there

is great demand to identify fungi using a DNA barcode approach (Horton et al. 2008).

While there is estimated to be 1.5 million (Hawksworth 2001) species of fungi, only

approximately 100,000 species have been described (Kirk et al. 2008). The vast majority of fungi

still await discovery and formal description (Hawksworth 2001; Blackwell et al. 2006). Because

morphological characteristics are scant and reproductive structures used for the basis of

identification may be rare, it is highly likely that the discovery of many of the "missing fungi"

will come through environmental sequence data rather than traditional cultural methods or

fruiting body surveys (Schmidt et al. 2008; Porter et al. 2008; Schadt et al. 2003). Thus, there is

a need to match environmental sequences to existing species, or to recognize the existence of

novel or cryptic species based on molecular evidence alone.

For the purpose of DNA-based identification, BLAST (Altschul et al. 1997) is widely

used as a first step to retrieve published sequences that match a query sequence in the GenBank

database. However, taxonomic errors, unidentified and environmental sequences make it difficult

to know which sequences are related to each other (Vilgalys 2003). The BOLD (Barcode of Life

Data Systems; Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) and UNITE (Kõljalg et al. 2005) databases were

developed to improve the quality of annotation and have increased standards of documentation

for submitted fungal sequences. However, these databases are still subject to the same human

13

subjectivity and error as that found in GenBank. Furthermore, misidentified, unidentified and

environmental sequences contribute to the diversity of fungi but are not represented in the BOLD

database. To accommodate this unseen diversity, it is necessary to develop a method of grouping

similar sequences based on genetic relatedness, rather than taxonomy.

The most popular locus for identifying unknown fungal sequences is the nuclear rDNA

ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region (Horton and Bruns 2001) because of its ease of

amplification using universal primers and its ability to differentiate genera, species and varieties

(Nilsson et al. 2008). The region has three subloci of different rates of evolution, ITS1: highly

variable, 5.8S: very conserved, and ITS2: variable to semi-conserved (Hillis and Dixon 1991;

Hershkovitz and Lewis 1996). Its size varies between 450 and 800 bp with very few exceptions.

It is flanked on both its 5' and 3' sides by very conserved regions (SSU [18S] and LSU [28S],

respectively) which simplifies the design of primers targeted at the ITS region. Its multi-copy

nature and its homengenization through concerted evolution are what make it easy to amplify

(Ganley and Kobayashi 2007). Universal fungal primers can be used to detect almost all species

of all the phyla in the kingdom (Gardes and Bruns 1993). This makes it easy to detect

microfungi, such as chytrids, as well as spores or tissue from environmental samples (Gardes and

Bruns 1993).

In this study, I introduce a method of grouping fungal sequences by genetic similarity

rather than by taxonomy, and providing a label to each genetic group. I define a Barcode

Similarity Group (BSG) as a cluster of sequences that share greater than or equal to a threshold

amount of genetic similarity. BSGs are similar to molecular operational taxonomic units

(MOTUs) used in many ecological studies of bacteria, algae, nematodes and fungi (e.g. Floyd et

al. 2002, Case et al. 2007, Chen et al. 2009, Wright et al. 2009). Although a percent similarity

threshold value is often used to delimit the MOTUs in these studies, there is no standard for the

similarity value, or for the clustering algorithm that is used to group the sequences. The idea and

desire to group sequences in GenBank based on a similarity cut-off value and to then re-name

these sequences based on the cluster they are a member of, has been circulating for some time

(e.g. Horton et al. 2009) but no one has completed this task to date.

BSGs differ from DNA barcoding in that the taxonomic label does not refer to a species.

In a BSG, the correlation between species and clades will not initially be known. Clades may

14

reflect species boundaries well, they may reflect a group of closely related species or they may

reflect a genetically divergent subpopulation within a species (Horton et al. 2009). Each BSG

will have its own genus and number and be placed in a curated database where annotations could

be updated. Grouping together genetically similar groups would facilitate the sharing of

geographic and ecological data despite a lack of annotation. This ability to instantly display all

the accessions that are within a particular similarity of each other, regardless of the taxonomy

provided by the author, is what fundamentally sets BSGs apart from other identification

methods. This paper will explore the use of BSGs using the mushroom genus Cortinarius as a

test case.

Cortinarius Fr. is the largest genus in the gilled fungi (Brandrud et al. 1990). Its wide

range of morphology makes it difficult to identify species in the group and to categorize them

into subgenera (Peintner et al. 2004). There are 2891 sequences labeled as Cortinarius (or one of

its synonyms: Dermocybe, Thaxterogaster, Protoglossum, Quadrispora and Cuphocybe) in

GenBank (accessed March 12, 2010). This number includes unidentified sequences but does not

include sequences that were not identified at the genus level. As seen from the number of

different names of genera submitted to GenBank, changes in nomenclature are not kept up to

date. There are 1546 unidentified Cortinarius sequences in GenBank according to Emerencia

(accessed March 12, 2010; Nilsson et al. 2005). Misidentified Cortinarius sequences are known

to exist in GenBank. Cortinarius is good genus to use to test the use of Barcode Similarity

Groups because of the abundance of sequences in GenBank and the large quantity of

misidentified, unidentified and environmental sequences.

In this paper I use the genus Cortinarius as a test case to create and use Barcode

Similarity Groups. I examine the taxonomic diversity and accuracy of ITS sequences labeled

Cortinarius in GenBank and present a BSG database. I demonstrate the use of this database to

find misidentified sequences, find novel and cryptic species, collect and label environmental

sequences, match environmental sequences to voucher specimens, and search the database for

metadata such as geographical and ecological data. I then present a website where unknown

query sequences can be classified into one of the BSGs.

15

Materials and Methods

Obtaining sequences

Figure 1 illustrates the steps taken to create the BSGs. To create a database of Cortinarius

ITS sequences, sequences were downloaded from GenBank on October 25, 2008 using the

search words: “Cortinarius ITS”. Additional sequences were found by a BLAST search using a

Cortinarius traganus sequence against all sequences containing “Uncultured Fungus,”

“Uncultured ectomycorrhiza,” “Uncultured Cortinarius,” “Uncultured mycorrhiza,” “Uncultured

cf. Dermocybe,” “Uncultured mycorrhizal basidiomycete,” and “Fungal sp.” Fifty-eight

sequences were downloaded from the Duke Forest Mycological Observatory Website

(http://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/DFMO.html). One hundred and seven sequences

were from specimens in the Royal Ontario Museum Fungarium (TRTC) and from environmental

sequences obtained by Terry Porter. To obtain non-Cortinarius reference sequences

representative of all major fungal groups, on November 20, 2009, five hundred twenty six fungal

ITS sequences were downloaded from GenBank using the search words “AFTOL internal

transcribed spacer”.

Creating Barcode Similarity Groups

Before alignment, the DNA sequences were manually trimmed to the beginning of ITS1

(including the last 5 nucleotides of the 3-end of the 18S gene; CATTA) and to the end of ITS2

(including the first 5 nucleotides of the 5-end of the 25S gene; GACCT). Sequences that did not

include any nucleotides in the first and last 200 base pairs of this region were removed. The 5.8S

region was removed from the sequence alignment to ensure the greatest phylogenetic signal was

obtained from the data as recommended by Nilsson et al. (2008). Sequences that did not belong

to the genus Cortinarius (as confirmed by a BLAST search) were removed. Habitat and locality

data were collected by extracting this information from each GenBank entry and by locating it in

the publications cited. This data was entered into a MySQL 5.0 database.

MAFFT 6.240 (Katoh et al. 2005) was used to align the sequences using the FFT-NS-i

method. This is a fast iterative refinement method that can handle a large dataset. It works by

creating a distance matrix based on the number of shared 6-tuples. A guide tree is created and a

progressive alignment is made. It employs a fast Fourier transform algorithm, which is just as

accurate as the Needleman-Wunsch dynamic programming algorithm, but is much faster

16

(MAFFT Version 6 [internet]). The guide-tree is reconstructed and the sequences are re-aligned.

The iterative refinement method is repeated until there is no more improvement in the weighted

sum-of-pairs (WSP) score or the number of cycles reaches 1000. The default scoring matrix is

derived from Kimura’s two-parameter model. The ratio of transitions to transversions is set to 2

by default.

Different clustering programs were tested for speed, ease of use and taxonomic accuracy.

I decided upon DOTUR 1.53 (Distance Based OTU and Richness Determination) (Schloss and

Handelsman 2005) to delimit the ITS sequences into BSGs. I tested different clustering

algorithms and a range of threshold values between 90 and 100%. Before inputting the data into

DOTUR, a corrected distance matrix was constructed for the alignment in PAUP* 4.0b10

(Swofford 2002) using a GTR + I + G model (selected by ModelTest 3.7 using Akaike weights;

Posada and Crandall 1998). I used the furthest neighbour joining algorithm as recommended by

Schloss and Handelsman (2005). The robustness of this particular approach is addressed in the

Discussion. Each accession was assigned a Cortinarius BSG number from 1 to 393. These BSG

numbers were imported into the MySQL database using the unique identifier. DOTUR was used

to produce a rarefaction curve as well as Chao1 and ACE diversity estimates.

To test the monophyly of the BSGs, I chose a random group of sequences with 80%

similarity as determined by DOTUR. At this similarity value, ITS sequences can be aligned

unambiguously across all taxa. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT with the e-INS-i

algorithm. The alignment was edited using Se-Al v2.0all (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/seal).

PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002) was used to create a maximum parsimony tree using heuristic

searches consisting of 10 rounds of random addition sequences and TBR branch-swapping,

keeping 100 trees per replicate. Branch support was evaluated from 100 bootstrap replicates of

random addition sequences with maxtrees set to 1000.

Matching a query sequence to a BSG

The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) Classifier (Wang 2007) was used to classify a

query sequence into one of the BSGs that were created in the previous step. It is a naïve

Bayesian classifier that rapidly and accurately classifies sequences into a given taxonomy (Wang

2007). The RDP Classifier works by breaking up the query sequence into 8-base words (Wang

2007). The prior likelihood of each word occurring in the entire database is calculated (Wang

17

2007). The probability of observing a genus containing a given set of words is calculated (Wang

2007). Bayes’ theorem is used to calculate the probability of a given sequence belonging to a

BSG (Wang 2007). The sequence is classified as a member of the BSG giving the highest

probability score but the actual numerical probability estimate is ignored (Wang 2007). This

process is repeated on the same sequence using different sets of 8-base words (Wang 2007). The

number of times a BSG is selected out of 100 bootstrap trials is used as an estimate of the

confidence in the assignment to that BSG (Wang 2007). This method was chosen because it is

fast, accurate and easily customizable. The RDP classifier uses information averaged over the

entire genus and thus is less influenced by individual misplaced training sequences.

Sequences, containing the entire ITS, were exported and formatted for entry into the RDP

classifier and BLAST databases. The AFTOL sequences were included so that the classifier

could identify sequences that were not Cortinarius sequences. The AFTOL sequences were

exported for entry into the RDP classifier but were not assigned BSG numbers. The RDP

classifier requires that a taxonomy is provided for each sequence and that each rank is known.

The taxonomy supplied by the AFTOL group to GenBank was used. If in doubt about a

particular level of hierarchy, the hierarchy in Index Fungorum (CABI Databases,

http://indexfungorum.org) was used. I created the ranks: Domain, Kingdom, Subkingdom,

Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Subclass, Order, Family, Genus and Barcode Similarity Group, to

enable expansion of the classifier to identify other groups of fungi. The FASTA file for the

BLAST program includes the BSG number, the genus and the species.

I used a cross-validation technique (Kohavi 1995) to test the ability of the classifier to

correctly classify a query sequence into a BSG. All BSGs that consisted of a single sequence

were removed, and the others were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B). First

Group A was used to train the classifier while sequences from Group B were submitted to the

classifier. Then Group B was used to train the classifier while sequences from Group A were

used to query the classifier. The results of the RDP classification were then compared to the

original BSG classification made by DOTUR.

Web access to the BSG database

The URL for accessing the Barcode Similarity Group Classifier is located at:

http://bar.utoronto.ca/~eharrower. First the query is checked to see if its length is between 400

18

and 800 base pairs. If it is under 400 base pairs, this warning message is displayed: “Sequence

length is less than 400 base pairs. Please try again with a longer sequence”. If it is over 800 base

pairs, this warning message is displayed: “Sequence length is greater than 800 base pairs. Please

trim the sequence to 5'CATTA...3'GACCT”. If the length requirement is met, the RDP classifier

assigns the sequence to the genus Cortinarius or to a separate genus or family of fungi. If the

classifier does not recognize the sequence as belonging to Cortinarius, it displays the message:

“This is NOT A CORTINARIUS sequence. The above classification is only based on 526

AFTOL sequences and is only a suggestion. DO NOT USE FOR CLASSIFICATION”. If the

classifier recognizes the sequence as belonging to the genus Cortinarius, a query will be sent to

the MySQL database to retrieve all the sequences belonging to the closest BSG as well as the

metadata associated with each sequence. The query sequence is then blasted against the

customized BSG database to compare the BLAST output with the RDP classifier output. Only

the BLAST results with an e-value of 0.0 are shown as these are the most statistically significant

results. The BLAST result displays the accession number, BSG number, species annotation, bit-

score, e-value and percent identity. Since the metadata retrieved from the classifier is unordered,

the accession number can be used to match each specimen with a percent identity number. This

is helpful when there is a large range of genetic variation within the BSG.

Results

ITS sequence diversity and taxonomic accuracy in public databases

When viewing the BLAST output of putative, yet unknown Cortinarius sequences, one

cannot determine whether the top hit sequences belong to a single or to multiple putative species

(Appendix 1). Every unidentified and environmental sequence submitted to GenBank is labeled

differently. Cortinarius environmental sequences were labeled “Uncultured Fungus,”

“Uncultured ectomycorrhiza,” “Uncultured Cortinarius,” “Uncultured mycorrhiza,” “Uncultured

cf. Dermocybe,” “Uncultured mycorrhizal basidiomycete,” and “Fungal sp.”. Each sequence

may be given with its own collection number, yet the sequences may be 100% identical to each

other. Appendix 1 is a screenshot of the BLAST results of GenBank accession number

GQ159883. Here we see sequences that are identical to each other, yet are labeled as different

species. There are two ectomycorrhiza from two different studies that are labeled using their

collection numbers. A maximum parsimony analysis reveals that GQ159883, GQ159849,

19

GQ159907, GQ159847, GQ159795, and GQ159852 form a cohesive clade with little variation

(data not shown).

In this study, of the 2482 sequences retrieved as described above, nineteen sequences did

not belong to the genus Cortinarius and were removed (Table 1). Four of these sequences were

likely sequence submission mistakes as they came from fruiting bodies that one would not expect

to get confused with Cortinarius. The rest of the mislabeled sequences came from

ectomycorrhizae and why they were labeled Cortinarius remains unclear. In total, 2463 complete

Cortinarius ITS sequences were obtained (Appendix 2). Seven different genera known to be

synonymous with Cortinarius were included: Cortinarius, Cuphocybe, Dermocybe,

Protoglossum, Hymenogaster, Quadrispora, and Thaxterogaster (Appendix 2). All sections of

the genus Cortinarius are represented. Synonyms were recorded such as using the old genus

name Dermocybe and the use of ‘Cortinarius muscigenus Peck’ for ‘Cortinarius collinitus

(Pers.) Fr.’ (Appendix 2). Using the total number of recorded specific epithets (502 epithets

including synonyms; Appendix 2), only about 25% of the total number of described species

(~2000) are present in GenBank. Seventy-nine percent of the sequences were from basidiocarps,

17% were from root-tips, and 2% were from the soil (Appendix 2). The origin of the remaining

2% of sequences is unknown. Of the total number of basidiocarps (1926), 18% (340) were

unidentified (Appendix 2). All the environmental sequences had no specific epithets except for

seven mycorrhizae that were identified by the authors based on high sequence identity to

identified specimens.

The number of Cortinarius ITS sequences submitted to GenBank over time was plotted

(Figure 2). The earliest date was April 22, 1996 and the oldest date was September 27, 2008.

This graph shows that the entry of sequences obtained from fruiting bodies, root-tips and from

the soil have been increasing exponentially since the late 1990’s and continues to increase.

Creating the BSG Database

I looked for a ‘barcode gap’ where the level of intraspecific variation was less than that of

the interspecific variation. I plotted the number of BSGs created by DOTUR against a range of

threshold values from 90 to 100% (Figure 3). The number of BSGs created increased linearly

with increasing threshold values, signifying continuous variation in the dataset. Thus there was

no natural cut-off value that separates intra- and interspecific variation in Cortinarius. Since a

20

cut-off value could not be selected naturally, an arbitrary 94% similarity value was chosen to

ensure all members of a species were included in a BSG. This similarity value was calculated

with the 5.8S removed and may be similar to the 95 to 97% similarity values commonly used in

mycological studies where the 5.8S has not been removed.

Next, the robustness of using DOTUR to form the same BSGs given different datasets

was evaluated. When half of the 2463 Cortinarius sequences, selected randomly, were realigned

using the same MAFFT algorithm, the smaller dataset only had 345 BSGs instead of the 393

BSGs present when the full dataset was used. Thus, the contents of the BSGs were different

depending on the size and variability of the input dataset.

From the 2463 Cortinarius sequences included in our analysis, 393 Cortinarius BSGs

were created using DOTUR (Appendix 2). A rarefaction curve (Figure 4) showed no saturation

in the number of BSGs created. The Chao1 diversity estimate was 759.471 BSGs with a 95%

confidence interval of 686.686 to 864.619 BSGs. The ACE diversity estimate was 751.918 BSGs

with a 95% confidence interval of 733.04 to 772.493 BSGs. Each BSG contained anywhere from

zero to thirteen different specific epithets (Figure 6). Seventeen percent of the BSGs did not

contain any specific epithets and thus only contained sequences derived from unidentified or

uncultured specimens (Figure 6). The same epithet was found in multiple different BSGs (Table

2).

A bootstrap consensus tree, created from sequences that are 80% similar to each other

(Figure 5), shows that, for this selected group, 14/15 BSGs are monophyletic with a bootstrap

support greater than 70%. BSG 191 is split into four distinct clades each with a bootstrap value

of 98 to 100%. The relationship between these four groups cannot be resolved and thus the

monophyly of this group cannot be rejected.

Finding misidentified sequences

Sequences that are misidentified at both the genus and species level were recognized. As

stated above, Table 1 shows twelve sequences that were identified as Cortinarius but BLASTed

to other genera. These sequences were removed from the dataset. Misidentified sequences

within the genus Cortinarius may be found by looking at cases where the same specific epithet

occurs in multiple BSGs. Ninety-six specific epithets were found in more than one BSG (Table

21

2). Of the total number of labeled sequences (1606), 41% of the sequences fall into this category

(Figure 7). The majority of these possibly misidentified sequences (56%) are found in only 2

BSGs. Fifty-nine percent of the labeled sequences were not found in more than one BSG.

Misidentifications may (but not always) be detected in BSGs that have more than one

specific epithet in the same BSG. For example, phylogenetic analysis of BSG 121 shows that

EU821682, originally identified as C. superbus, is likely C. elegantior (data not shown). Figure 7

shows 36% (142) of the BSGs contain two or more specific epithets. However, without seeing

the specimens, we can only speculate if these are indeed misidentifications.

Finding novel and cryptic species

Novel and cryptic species may also be detected when one specific epithet is found in

multiple BSGs. Cryptic species that have a low amount of genetic variation may not be detected.

For example, C. comarostaphylii and its sister species C. leucophanes are both present in BSG

276. Novel species may be detected in BSGs that only contain unidentified vouchers. As stated

above, 22% (86) of the BSGs contain only unidentified vouchers. However, detailed

morphological and phylogenetic analyses are needed to confirm such instances.

Collecting and labeling environmental sequences and matching them to voucher specimens

In this study, 460 environmental sequences were placed into 110 different BSGs

(Appendix 2). Of these BSGs, 66 (60%) contained an identified voucher specimen, 9 (8%)

contained an unidentified voucher and 35 (32%) contained only environmental sequences

(Appendix 3). The compilation of environmental sequences that do not have identified voucher

specimens is useful. For example, BSG 297 contains unidentified vouchered sequences and

environmental sequences collected from seven different coniferous forests located all across

North America (Appendix 2). The label, BSG 297, denotes these sequences are at least 94%

similar to each other and could now be discussed in a comparative context.

Metadata retrieved from BSGs

Of the sequences that gave continent data (2126; 86%), 54% were from North America,

37% were from Europe, 3% were from South America, 5% were from New Zealand, Australia

and Tasmania, less than 1% were from Asia and none were from Africa (Appendix 2).

22

Sequences came from 31 different countries (Appendix 2). A number of BSGs did contain both

Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere species, but under phylogenetic analysis, these

separated into different clades (data not shown). A probable instance of human-mediated

migration can be documented by the northern temperate species C. fulvoconicus having been

documented in Chile (Appendix 2).

Habitat data included hardwood, coniferous and mixed forests. Unusual hosts were the

monocots Carex flacca and C. pilulifera, Kobresia myosuroides, an orchid (Epipactis

microphylla), the rosids Halimium halimifolium, and Helianthemum nummularium, an ericaceous

plant (Comarostaphylis arbutoides), and various species in a tropical forest (under Hopea spp.

(Dipterocarpaceae), Calophyllum sp. (Clusiaceae), Meiogyne sp. (Annonaceae) and Cansjera

rheedii (Opiliaceae) (Appendix 2)).

The BSG Classifier and website

The RDP Classifier was used to classify a query sequence into a BSG and to perform a

BLAST search. When a Cortinarius traganus (GQ159890) sequence that contained the 18S

and/or the 25S regions was submitted, the top BLAST matches correctly matched the input

sequence, but the classifier assigned the query to a different BSG with low confidence. When a

partial sequence was submitted, neither BLAST nor the classifier was able to give any indication

of classification. When a sequence that contained the last five nucleotides of the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S,

ITS2 and first five nucleotides of 25S was submitted, both the classifier and BLAST were able to

identify the sequence. Thus only sequences that have been trimmed should be used to classify an

unknown query sequence.

When sequences from Group B were used as queries against the Group A training

sequences in a cross-validation test, 98.9% of the sequences were correctly classified. When

sequences from Group A were used queries against the Group B training sequences, 98.6% were

correctly identified. On average 98.8% of the sequences were correctly classified. The majority

of the misidentified sequences had a bootstrap value of less than 70%. They were found to be

unique sequences that were dissimilar to other sequences in the same original BSG. Thus the

reliability of the classification is high but depends somewhat on the full range of variability

being present in the training dataset.

23

Discussion

Barcode similarity groups can improve sequence identification when compared to a

simple BLAST search. Classifications based on BLAST matches in GenBank are unreliable.

Sequencing errors, misidentification or mislabeling, contamination of cultures, PCR-based

errors, and differences in taxonomic opinion between specialists are all common problems one is

faced with when performing a BLAST search (Vilgalys 2003). BSGs allow for sequencing

errors, can detect misidentification or mislabeling, can detect novel or cryptic species and allow

for differences in taxonomic opinion. They also provide a common nomenclature for

environmental sequences and can serve as a repository for ecological and geographical data.

However, before BSGs become widely used, one must first consider the limitations of the

method used to create them.

This study suggests that there is no robust method to create BSGs that is fully

satisfactory. DOTUR was chosen because it is fast and can handle a large number of sequences.

In constructing BSGs, the particular parameters input into DOTUR (the multiple sequence

alignment, distance correction, clustering algorithm and distance threshold) greatly affect the

number of OTUs created as well as the composition of the OTUs (White et al. 2010). White et

al. (2010) tested different sets of parameters on a 16S rDNA bacterial dataset and found that the

distance threshold (95% to 99%) and the choice of multiple sequence alignment algorithm

(ClustalW, NAST and MUSCLE) made the greatest difference to the composition of OTUs when

using DOTUR (White et al. 2010). The threshold that best represented the true species

composition was 0.05, which is well below the 97-99% similarity threshold typically used for

microbial biodiversity studies (White et al. 2010). The distance correction measures did not

change the variability significantly (White et al. 2010). Given the limitations of the dataset, and

limited methods publicly available to create OTUs, I strove to optimize the parameters entered

into DOTUR.

Deciding which threshold value to use to both delimit species and identify sequences is a

widely debated issue. Percent similarities used to date, to identify both vouchered and

environmental fungal sequences, vary between 95% and 99% (Tedersoo et al. 2006, Bidartondo

and Read 2008, Ryberg et al. 2008, Wright et al. 2009). The ITS region is not equally variable in

all groups of fungi and thus there is no one single value that works for all fungi (Nilsson et al.

24

2008). An arbitrary 94% threshold value was selected for delimiting BSGs to ensure that all

members of a species were included in the same group even if there were sequencing errors, the

alignment was poor or if there was a large amount if intraspecific variability. However, this low

similarity value also means that multiple species may be present within a BSG. Unfortunately,

the ITS is unable to differentiate between all Cortinarius morphospecies (Frøslev et al. 2007,

Niskanen et al. 2008) and thus further molecular analysis of the specimens within each BSG

should be undertaken. The creation of BSGs should not be seen as an end-point but be seen as a

starting point for taxonomic investigation.

In this study, I found that when the number of Cortinarius sequences was reduced to a

half, the number of BSGs was reduced and the composition of the BSGs changed subtly. I argue

that although the contents of a BSG will vary from dataset to dataset, this is of little

consequence. It is understood that there may be multiple species within a BSG and that detailed

taxonomic work, involving morphological work and multi-gene phylogenies, will be needed to

differentiate between species. Since the ITS cannot always be relied upon to resolve interspecific

relationships, it is more important that all members of a species be present in a BSG than the

precise composition of the BSG. Maximum parsimony analyses of a subset containing 168

sequences sharing 80% similarity and representing 15 BSGs was conducted. The strict

consensus tree indicated that 14 of them were monophyletic with > 70% bootstrap support,

whereas one BSG was split into 3 unresolved clades (Figure 5). This tree also suggests that the

majority of BSGs are likely to contain two to three species (as shown by distinct monophyletic

groups within a single BSG with bootstrap support greater than 70%). Figure 4 shows that there

is no saturation in the number of BSGs that could be created. Both the Chao1 and ACE

estimators predict approximately 750 BSGs would be needed to reflect the entire species

diversity of Cortinarius. However, these estimators have been shown to vary with sample size,

particularly by severely underestimating the total diversity given low sample size (Roesch et al.

2007). Since the sequence rarefaction curve from this study is still unsaturated (Figure 4), one

can therefore expect a higher BSG diversity to exist in Cortinarius. This would be in agreement

with the observation that less than twenty-five percent of the total number of described

Cortinarius species were included in the present study.

The main improvement the Barcode Similarity Group Database brings to the current

taxonomic database model (such as GenBank, UNITE and BOLD) is that BSGs cluster together

25

sequences based on total genetic relatedness and does not rely on any taxonomy for

classification. I used the RDP classifier as an alternative to using BLAST to classify query

sequences into a BSG. BLAST matches are largely unreliable because the BLAST algorithm was

designed to find large local regions of similarity and not designed to identify species.

Unfortunately, the BLAST algorithm is often used to identify species (Koski and Golding 2001;

e.g. Gharizadeh et al. 2003, Geml et al. 2005: www.borealfungi.uaf.edu, Kõljalg et al. 2005,

Öpik et al. 2009). U’Ren et al. (2009) write that using the top match almost always misidentified

their environmental sequences when compared to a Bayesian analysis. Both Munch et al. (2008)

and U’Ren et al. (2009) warn that certainty regarding BLAST identification can be over-inflated

because only sequences present in GenBank are considered. This is a problem since GenBank is

underpopulated with fungal sequences (Vilgalys 2003).

My cross-validation test indicates that the Cortinarius BSG Classifier was effective at

assigning the query sequence to the correct BSG 98.8% of the time. However, it did find it

difficult to correctly classify sequences of variable length and sequences that do not have a close

match in the database. The RDP classifier provides a much higher level of confidence in the

classification and has a higher accuracy rate than BLAST (Wang 2007), and it can be customized

to fit any taxonomic structure. Being able to customize the taxonomic structure is a vital

component of a classifier for BSGs. MEGAN (Metagenome Analyzer) (Huson et al. 2007) is a

java computer program that analyzes large environmental DNA datasets and relies on the NCBI

taxonomy to summarize and order the results. MEGAN would be unsuitable for identifying

unknown Cortinarius sequences as it would not recognize, for example, the genus ‘Dermocybe’

as a synonym of ‘Cortinarius’ or that some sequences are simply misidentified. The BSG

classifier relies on a statistical probability rather than a percent similarity value for classification.

However, it does depend on the sequences being the same length. The BSG classifier developed

in this study was designed to be able to accommodate other groups of fungi in the future. Also, it

has the potential to be used to recognize different species within the same BSG.

Further improvements to the BLAST method of sequence identification were the

exclusion of the 5.8S to delimit species, as recommended by Nilsson et al. (2008), as well as the

definition of the ITS to between 5’-CATTA and 3’-GACCT. This ensured the greatest possible

mean variability was used to delimit species and ensured that all BLAST and RDP Classifier

matches were equally comparable. It also ensured that only regions of high species resolution

26

were used. BLAST has been known to give faulty results when a region of low species resolution

is used (Horton et al. 2008).

The 94% Cortinarius BSGs could be helpful in revealing cases of misidentification and

mislabeling, in finding novel and cryptic species, in naming environmental sequences and in

compiling ecological and geographic data. Misidentification or mislabeling could be detected by

investigating the presence of the same specific epithet occurring in multiple BSGs (Table 2).

This type of error affects 41% of the named Cortinarius sequences (Figure 6). Fifty-nine percent

of the labeled sequences were not found in more than one BSG. However, this does not mean

that these sequences are not misidentified as synonyms are present and not all the vouchers are

derived from detailed taxonomic studies. Misidentification could also take the form of multiple

specific epithets occurring in the same BSG. Cryptic species could be detected by finding the

same specific epithet occurring in more than one BSG, or by finding multiple clades within a

BSG, when a phylogenetic analysis is performed on the BSG. Four hundred sixty environmental

sequences were placed into 110 different BSGs (Appendix 2) and thus were named according to

genetic distance. However, as there may be multiple species per BSG, the presence of a voucher

specimen does not provide a species level identification. Further phylogenetic analysis may be

required.

There is great interest in grouping and naming environmental sequences based on

similarity to facilitate comparison across studies (Horton et al. 2008). However, as there may be

multiple species per BSG, the presence of a voucher specimen does not provide a species level

identification. Despite the availability of metadata on environmental sequences, few studies to

date have attempted to compile it. However, in order to document the world’s biodiversity, it is

important to identify and label these genetically distinct clusters of DNA sequences. For

example, Soil Clone Group I represents a novel subphylum of Ascomycota but is only known

from environmental sequence data (Porter 2008).

BSGs have the potential to make it easier to assimilate data on the geographical range of

a species or species complex. However, this is still a laborious task because there is no

requirement to submit this kind of data to GenBank (Horton et al. 2008). Ryberg et al. (2008)

used geographic and ecological metadata of environmental sequences to show that Inocybe is

widely distributed and can be found in many climatic regions. Similarly, this study shows that

27

Cortinarius is widely distributed and that sampling is biased towards Europe and North America.

The host species were predominantly angiosperm and coniferous trees but members of the rosids,

Ericaceae and Cyperaceae were also present. The BSGs could be used for studies relating to host

specificity and speciation. However, most clades have few representatives and have been

collected from few sites.

As the number of ITS sequences submitted to GenBank continues to climb (Figure 2),

whether the sequences be from fruiting bodies or environmental samples, the need to organize

this large quantity of sequences will only increase. In the future, BSGs could be used to group

and classify all fungi. The technology to do this is already present. Sequences could be classified

into BSGs and BSGs could be further investigated based on a phylogenetic approach such as that

used by MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) and UNITE (Kõljalg et al. 2005). New sequences could be

automatically retrieved from NCBI (as performed by MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) and Emerencia

(Nilsson et al. 2005)) and then automatically classified into an existing BSG or into a newly

created BSG. The use and acceptance of BSGs could lead to great improvements in fungal

taxonomy (by the detection of novel species and cryptic species, and by annotating misidentified

specimens) and ecology (by grouping similar sequences from different studies together and

providing nomenclature to their sequences). In addition we can look forward to improvements in

the method of delimiting sequences into groups of genetic similarity (White et al. 2010).

28

Chapter 3: General Discussion and Perspectives for Future Studies

Taxonomic Delimitation and Classification

Mycologists, bacteriologists and entomologists all deal with hyperdiverse groups of

organisms, in which only a small fraction of the diversity is known. They frequently encounter

difficult taxonomic situations such as having few defining morphological features, cryptic

species, and differing morphologies in different life stages. Thus, the use of DNA data is

essential in these fields. These researchers all have a vested interest in rapid delimitation and

classification using large molecular datasets and have developed a number of different solutions.

Coalescent theory, the alignment program Sequencher (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, Mich.),

DOTUR (Schloss and Handelsman 2005), Cd-Hit (Li and Godzik 2006) and XplorSeq (Frank

2008) are all methods used to create operational taxonomic units. MEGAN (Huson et al. 2007),

Trichokey (Druzhinina et al. 2005), SAP (Munch et al. 2008), CBCAnalyzer (Wolf et al. 2005),

and the RDP Classifier (Wang 2007) are programs that have been developed to classify

sequences once a taxonomy and a set of voucher sequences has been established. UNITE

(Kõljalg et al. 2005), Emerencia (Nilsson et al. 2005), and MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) contain

programs that can assist in classifying a fungal sequence, but human inspection is still needed. In

choosing a method to delimit and classify sequences into BSGs each program was critiqued.

Delimitation of Species

The nature of the Cortinarius dataset places certain limitations as to what method of

delimitation can be employed. First, the method must not be computationally intensive as a large

dataset is used. Second, it cannot rely on a method that requires good support of interspecific

relationships since the ITS region cannot be relied upon to provide this type of resolution.

DOTUR 1.53 (Distance Based OTU and Richness Determination) (Schloss and

Handelsman 2005) was used to delimit ITS sequences into BSGs. The program operates by

grouping a set of aligned sequences based on a furthest neighbour-joining algorithm. It is

currently used in fungal soil ecology studies (Tedersoo et al. 2006, Porras-Alfaro et al. 2007,

Allison et al. 2008) as a way of grouping sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units

(mOTUs).

29

XplorSeq (Frank 2008) is a software environment for the analysis of rDNA studies. Its

multiple functions include performing BLAST searches of NCBI and local databases, multiple

sequence alignments, creation of phylogenetic trees, creation of operational taxonomic units

(OTUs) and estimate biodiversity indices. The OTUs are created using a furthest neighbour-

joining algorithm and assume a Jules-Cantor model of evolution. Thus, the program is much like

DOTUR but with limited parameters that can be optimized.

U’Ren et al. (2008) used Sequencher (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, Mich.) to create OTUs

for fungal endophytes. In a comparison of methods, they found that DOTUR yielded a higher

estimate of species richness than did Sequencher. In a pilot study, I found that Sequencher did

not create monophyletic groups and was sensitive to differences in rates of evolution between

clades (data not shown). Clades that showed low variability in the ITS, such as the subgenus

Dermocybe, formed monophyletic groups at high percentage values, but where split into

paraphyletic groups at lower percentage values (data not shown). The composition of clusters

changed dramatically across different threshold values. In addition, the algorithm for clustering

sequences is proprietary information and is not given publicly. The composition of the clusters

changed depending on the size and variability of the dataset. Sequencher could work well to

delimit sequences if the dataset is small and if there are large differences between sequences,

such as that between genera. However Sequencher cannot be relied upon for a dataset as large

and as variable as Cortinarius.

The secondary structure of the ITS2 has been proposed as an easy and reliable way to

distinguish species (Müller et al. 2007; Coleman 2009, Shultz and Wolf 2009). The presence or

absence of compensatory base pair changes (CBCs) has been shown to correlate well with sexual

incompatibility across a wide range of eukaryotes (Coleman 2009). While CBCs are not the

direct cause of the incompatibility, they seem to indicate that enough time has passed for a

reproductive barrier to develop (Müller et al. 2007). Shultz and Wolf (2009) outline a protocol

by which the secondary structure can be retrieved in the ITS 2 database, or homologous

structures can be found (Shultz et al. 2006, Selig et al. 2008), alignments can be made using

4SALE (Seibel et al. 2006) and phylogenetic trees can be created using ProfDistS (Wolf et al.

2008) and CBCAnalyzer. This method requires a number of different programs, and yet still

relies on a good sequence alignment. This method was deemed too time consuming to be

employed for the Cortinarius study.

30

A number of people have applied coalescent theory to delimit species. Pons et al. (2006)

developed a likelihood method to delimit species that predicts the transition between speciation

(and extinction) events and population-level (coalescence) processes. This method would be

ineffective for the genus Cortinarius as the dataset is too large to perform a maximum likelihood

analysis. As well, the ITS region does not provide enough resolution to elucidate interspecific

relationships. Abdo and Golding (2007) also used coalescent theory to classify butterfly

specimens. Again, their method was more accurate than distance based methods, but was

computationally expensive and would not work for the Cortinarius dataset.

Cd-Hit (Li and Godzik 2006) is a protein or DNA/RNA clustering program that uses

short word filtering, which determines the similarity between two sequences without performing

a sequence alignment. It is extremely fast and can handle large databases (Li and Godzik 2006).

The cd-hit-est algorithm can be applied to non-intron containing sequences. In this algorithm, the

sequences are first sorted in order of decreasing length. The longest sequence forms the first

cluster, and then each remaining sequence is compared to the representatives of the existing

clusters. If the similarity value is above a certain threshold, it is grouped into the most similar

cluster; otherwise the sequence becomes the representative of a new cluster. At 94% similarity, it

only took 22 seconds to create 255 clusters. This is much faster than DOTUR which takes over

an hour to run. The use of this program to create BSGs should be investigated in the future

because it is fast and creates clusters without doing a sequence alignment. In addition,

incremental clustering can be used to add new sequences to the clusters or create new clusters

without changing the composition of the cluster. This aspect of the program would make it easy

to add new sequences to the BSG database.

Classification tools

When selecting a classification tool, I was looking for particular traits. First, I was

looking to customize the taxonomy and not rely on the taxonomy present in GenBank. Second,

the program had to be fast and accurate. Also, it had to be able to produce a statistic showing the

confidence in the classification.

MEGAN (Metagenome Analyzer) is a java computer program that analyzes large

environmental DNA datasets (Huson et al. 2007). Sequences are compared against a database of

known sequences by doing a BLAST search. The program then uses the NCBI taxonomy to

31

summarize and order the results. The problem with this method for Cortinarius is that the NCBI

taxonomy cannot be trusted. It will not, for instance, recognize that “Dermocybe” is a synonym

of “Cortinarius” or that some sequences are simply misidentified. The program assigns each read

to the lowest common ancestor of the set of taxa that it hit in the comparison. This program

works well in that it uses a number of different thresholds to place the taxon in a taxon level. The

first threshold is the bit score threshold. Any hit that is below the threshold is discarded. The

second threshold is the percent similarity. The program will discard any hits that do not fall

below a certain threshold. The third threshold states that there must be a minimum quorum of

two sequences to be placed in a taxon level. Another problem with MEGAN is that it relies on a

BLAST comparison to come up with the initial stats and the NCBI taxonomy cannot be updated

to reflect recent changes. Overall, MEGAN would work if the taxonomy in GenBank could be

relied upon and if BLAST were accurate enough to classify sequences. However, it is not and

therefore did not meet my criteria.

Trichokey is an online tool used to identify Trichoderma and Hypocrea spp. (Druzhinina

et al. 2005). Trichokey searches a database for diagnostic regions of the sequence that can

identify the genus, the section and then the particular species. The problem with applying this

approach to Cortinarius is the sheer number of species present in the genus. This method relies

on having voucher sequences for all species and it depends on a good alignment to identify

species. However, as there is no clear species concept in Cortinarius, and due to the large

number of sequences, it would be too much effort to identify species-specific domains. The

addition of new Cortinarius sequences could change the size of the species-specific domains and

thus this method was deemed to be too labor intensive.

The Statistical Assignment Program (SAP) BLASTs the query sequence to the GenBank

database (or other custom database) to retrieve a number of sequences with high homology,

aligns those sequences to each other (and to the unknown sequence), then determines the

posterior probability of membership to a particular group using a Markov chain Monte Carlo

approach similar to the one commonly used in phylogenetic inference. This method is very

effective for small datasets but is impractical for large datasets. I personally found this method to

be very time intensive compared to other methods. An aspect about this program that I like is the

use of posterior probabilities to provide a level of confidence in the assignment. However, the

program is reliant on the sequences in the database and can lead to wrong inferences if the

32

database is not representative. This method is more accurate than using BLAST (Munch et al.

2008) and should be considered as a good candidate to classify BSGs. Finally, the Ribosomal

Database Project (RDP) Classifier (Wang 2007) fit all the criteria. It is fast, accurate and highly

customizable. A review of this classification method can be found in Chapter 2.

Fungal identification tools

These tools have been developed to correct some of the taxonomic problems in GenBank.

Emerencia (Nilsson et al. 2005) has a number of features that are attractive to the

Cortinarius identification problem. It BLASTs an insufficiently identified sequence against all

the identified sequences in GenBank. However, it assumes that because a specific epithet is

given, it is a good identification, when this may not be the case. Also, it doesn’t give any

confidence in the BLAST match. It can search for everything with a particular name, such as

Cortinarius, and retrieves all the BLAST matches that BLAST to that name. However, it won’t

be able to exclude a sequence labeled as Cortinarius when it is not. Although Emerencia has

features that aid in the identification of unidentified sequences, it lacks the robustness to be

confident in the matches Emerencia is able to produce.

MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) automatically downloads identified homobasidiomycete LSU

rRNA sequences in GenBank and aligns them. It uses RAxML to produce a maximum likelihood

tree. MOR is ineffective for Cortinarius since the LSU cannot differentiate between species and

because MOR screens out environmental sequences. However, automatically importing

sequences from GenBank and incorporating them into a gigantic phylogenetic tree are favourable

aspects of this project that could be used with BSGs.

UNITE (User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhizal database group; Kõljalg et al. 2005)

BLASTs query sequences against GenBank and against its own well-curated database. So far,

the majority of Cortinarius sequences in UNITE represent European species and do not contain

North American or Southern Hemisphere endemics. It also uses a CGI script called galaxie

(Nilsson et al. 2004) that places the query sequence within a phylogenetic tree of the BLAST

results. As galaxie relies on BLAST, it will not be able to retrieve all the related sequences, only

select sequences, depending on the length of the input sequence. However, if galaxie were used

to create a phylogeny from sequences in the customized BSG database, where sequences are

33

approximately the same size, it would be useful in determining the relationships between

different species within each BSG.

Barcode Similarity Groups

How are BSGs an improvement on the current taxonomic database model?

The main improvement the Barcode Similarity Group Database brings to the current

taxonomic database model (such as GenBank, UNITE and BOLD) is that BSGs cluster together

sequences based on total genetic relatedness and does not rely on any taxonomy for

classification. Human taxonomies have the potential to be debated and changed in the future, but

the BSGs will stay constant. BOLD will not accept sequences without vouchers but the BSG

database is able to accommodate the total fungal diversity, including environmental sequences.

Unlike BLAST, the program used to match a query sequence to a voucher in UNITE and

GenBank, the RDP Classifier is accurate and provides confidence in the classification.

The BSG classifier allows one to quickly find all the sequences that are at least 94%

similar to the sequence of interest. In contrast, GenBank has no one easy way of determining

conspecific sequences. If one uses the ‘related sequences’ link on GenBank, phylogenetic

analysis needs to be done to determine the relationships between sequences. If one uses a node in

the distance tree provided by GenBank, one must examine each accession separately. In addition,

the BSG classifier provides the metadata associated with each specimen, in a manner that

facilitates comparison within and between conspecific sequences. GenBank only provides this

information within each entry, making it difficult to compare across entries. Thus if one is

interested in species level questions, the BSG database makes it easier to classify the query

sequence and retrieve conspecific sequences and their associated metadata.

How the 94% similarity value was chosen

After choosing to use DOTUR to delimit the sequences into BSGs, it was necessary to

choose a threshold value. Originally, the criteria for the threshold value was that it should best

differentiate between different species. However, after understanding the effect that changing the

multiple sequence alignment has on the composition of the OTUs, this perfect boundary between

inter and intraspecific variation could not be found (Figure 3) and the criteria was changed to

‘the threshold value that ensures that all members of species are included’.

34

I attempted to choose a threshold value at which the number of new OTUs dramatically

increased, signifying greater variation within species than between species. However, Figure 3

shows that for this alignment, the increase in variation across different threshold values was

continuous and thus a value could not be chosen. It was determined there is no one single

percentage that could be used to delimit taxa in the genus Cortinarius without either splitting or

lumping some species together. The approach I eventually used to choose a delimitation value

was to weigh the costs and benefits of performing a type 1 error (splitting a species up into many

BSGs) and performing a type 2 error (lumping many species into a single BSG). As the global

alignment is of a large number of species, of differing sequence lengths and of differing

sequence quality, the likelihood of performing a type 1 error is increased. And, as the contents of

each BSG will have to be inspected more comprehensively by a taxonomist anyway, using

detailed morphological and multi-gene phylogenies, it was deemed more appropriate to ignore

type 2 errors and reduce type 1 errors. Using 391 sequences representing 102 exemplar species,

an alignment using MAFFT and the FFT-NS-i method was made (data not shown). These

exemplar sequences contained the whole ITS with no ambiguities and were chosen based on the

reputation of the authors and the monophyly of the groups under neighbour-joining analysis.

When these sequences were input into DOTUR, 94% was the similarity value at which no

putative single species were split into multiple BSGs. Seventy-five percent of the species were

placed in a single BSG. The other twenty-five percent of the species represented type 2 errors

and were lumped with at least one other species in a BSG.

Uses of BSGs

Finding misidentifications and areas that need taxonomic work

Despite the majority of Cortinarius species entered into GenBank originating from

published taxonomic papers, the presence of the same specific epithet occurring in multiple

BSGs (Table 2) reveals that misidentification or mislabeling is highly prevalent. In addition,

twelve sequences, identified as Cortinarius, were excluded from this study because they

BLASTed to fungal genera other than Cortinarius (Table 1). The BSG database allows one to

recognize where these errors occur (by examining the contents of BSGs that have more than one

specific epithet or by examining the contents of BSGs where the specific epithet is found in more

than one BSG, and by examining the contents of each BSG) and can be used to update the

taxonomy of submitted sequences. For example, the name ‘C. elegantior’ is found in two BSGs.

35

On retrieving all the C. elegantior sequences, the GenBank accession EU821682 was found to be

in BSG 121 while eight other C. elegantior sequences were found to be in BSG 234. A

phylogenetic tree of BSG 121 shows that EU821682 is closely related to C. superbus, another

member of subgenus Phlegmacium that is morphologically similar to C. elegantior (data not

shown). Thus, EU821682 is likely to be misidentified as C. superbus. Phylogenetic methods and

inspection of vouchers will be needed to confirm cases of misidentification, but BSGs can be

used to find putative misidentifications.

Novel species and cryptic species may be detected when one specific epithet is found in

multiple BSGs. This may indicate the same species definition being applied to genetically

dissimilar entities. For example, the specific epithet ‘vibratilis’ occurs in four different BSGs.

Novel species may also be found in clades that only contain unidentified vouchers. BSG 148

contains 3 unidentified vouchers from North America. However detailed taxonomic and

phylogenetic expertise is needed to discern if these are misidentifications or novel species.

Other novel species may not be easily detectable due to the low amount of genetic

divergence between species. For example, C. comarostaphylii and its sister species C.

leucophanes are both in BSG 276. These sequences are 99% similar to each other and only differ

by one base pair. Ammirati et al. (2009) interpreted these two morphologically similar species as

cryptic species and differentiate between them on the basis of their different hosts and

geographical locations. C. leucophanes is found with Pinus sylvestris and Larix sp. in Europe,

while C. comarostaphylii is found with Comarostaphylis arbutoides in Costa Rica. Because they

are so similar to each other, this BSG database would not be able to differentiate between the

species.

Classifying environmental and unidentified sequences

There is great interest in grouping and naming environmental sequences based on

similarity to facilitate comparison across studies (Horton et al. 2008). In this study, 460

environmental sequences were placed into 110 different BSGs (Appendix 2). Of these BSGs, 66

(60%) contained an identified voucher specimen, 9 (8%) contained an unidentified voucher and

35 (32%) contained only environmental sequences (Appendix 3). However, as there may be

multiple species per BSG, the presence of a voucher specimen does not provide a species level

identification. Further phylogenetic analysis may be required. The compilation of environmental

36

sequences that do not have identified voucher specimens is useful. For example, BSG 297

contains unidentified vouchered sequences and environmental sequences collected from seven

different coniferous forests located all across North America (Appendix 2). The label, BSG 297,

denotes these sequences are at least 94% similar to each other and could now be discussed in a

comparative context. Despite the availability of metadata on environmental sequences, few

people have attempted to compile it.

Revealing cryptic species

Barcode Similarity Groups could be used to detect cryptic species. This could be

diagnosed from the presence of the same specific epithet occurring in more than one BSG, or it

could take the form of multiple distinct clades within a BSG following phylogenetic analyses.

The contents of some BSGs were compared with some recently studied cryptic species to

determine whether BSGs could detect cryptic species.

Garnica et al. (2009) studied Cortinarius section Calochroi using a maximum likelihood

analysis of the ITS-5.8S + D1/D2 rRNA sequences. They found C. arcuatorum clustered into

four closely related monophyletic groups (each with 99% or more bootstrap support). There was

little phenotypic variation between the specimens but there was a range of variability in spore

size between collections from different parts of North America and Europe. Since the different

groups differed in their habitat, Garnica et al. (2009) hypothesized that some populations had

evolved specialized habitat requirements with allopatric diversification. Garnica et al. (2009)

stopped short of describing these groups as different species as these were small collections from

specific areas. In my study, C. arcuatorum is split into two different BSGs: BSG 238 and BSG

239, which respectively include sequences from 3 and 1 of the four monophyletic groups

detected by Garnica et al. (2009). This shows that my method of creating BSGs is able to detect

putative cryptic species.

However, the BSGs will not be able to detect cryptic species in all cases. Garnica et al.

(2009) also found there was a high level of genetic diversity in C. elegantior as DNA sequences

contained several unique substitutions and indels. Garnica et al. (2009) considered C. elegantior

var. americanus to represent a separate species from C. elegantior, which differs in the colour of

the veil. All these sequences clustered into BSG 234, thus in this case, the BSGs would not be

able to reveal these cryptic species.

37

Testing hypotheses about speciation

The fundamental question of what drives speciation in mycorrhizal fungi has yet to be

solved. Two hypotheses are used to explain current species distributions, but neither of these

hypotheses have been thoroughly tested. The first hypothesis is that since spore dispersal is poor

and since fungi have limited rates of growth, vicariance (e.g. O’Donnell et al. 1998b, Hibbett

2001, Nilsson et al. 2003) and/or allopatry (e.g. Anderson et al. 1980, O’Donnell et al. 2004)

better predict current species distributions. The second hypothesis is that species evolve in

sympatry by becoming specially adapted to a particular niche (e.g. Peever 2007). Cortinarius can

be used to answer these questions since it is mycorrhizal, has a large number of species and has a

worldwide distribution.

Many organisms, including Cortinarius, have a disjunct distribution where species from

the southern hemisphere do not occur in the northern hemisphere and vice versa (Peintner et al.

2001, 2002). The separation of Gondwana and Laurasia that took place approximately 120 mya

is often used to explain this distribution (Raven and Axelrod 1974). However, this Southern

Hemisphere endemism typically only occurs at the species level, not the genus level, which

provides doubt to this hypothesis (Moncalvo and Buchanan 2008). By dating the divergence of

Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere endemics (found within a BSG) and by using a

molecular clock, the genus Cortinarius could be used to test the tectonic plate hypothesis. For

example, Moncalvo and Buchanan (2008) used a molecular clock to show that the saprophytic

Ganoderma applanatum-australe species complex diversified before the break-up between

Gondwana and Laurasia. They provide evidence for episodic events of long-distance dispersal

within the southern hemisphere. However, this method has not been used to test the

Gondwana/Laurasia hypothesis in an ectomycorrhizal species.

Ecology

The advent of rapid DNA sequencing has spurned a growing interest in studying the

ecology of fungi in the field (Kõljalg et al. 2005). Projects are underway to create microarrays

that use the ITS region to assay different species of fungi across different habitats (Bruns et al.

2008). However, very seldom is this data collected in such a way that could be compared across

studies. Compiling data from multiple studies could assist in our understanding of biological

processes within a genus. For example, a widely used hypothesis is that ecology and host-

38

specificity drive speciation (den Bakker et al. 2004). New species could evolve through

switching to a new host (den Bakker et al. 2004) or through adapting to new environmental

conditions (Giraud et al. 2008). For example, Chapela and Garbelotto (2004) used the ITS region

to show that, in North America, matsutake mushrooms switched from strictly angiosperm hosts

to strictly coniferous hosts as the climate changed during the Eocene. Similarly, den Bakker et al.

(2004) used the ITS2 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) in the

ectomycorrhizal genus Leccinum to study host-specificity and evolution. The evolution of a

generalist from a specialist was noted. They showed episodes of rapid speciation coincided with

or immediately followed host-switches.

The relationship between ecology and host-specificity has never been investigated in the

genus Cortinarius. Using molecular phylogenetics and a molecular clock, Peintner et al.

(unpublished) estimate that there was a single rapid radiation event in Cortinarius that coincides

with the radiation of the angiosperms and especially with its main symbiotic partner, the Fagales.

BSGs could be used to study rates of speciation between host-specific clades and clades with

multiple hosts. However, a more complete sampling of the genus and more complete data on the

host species are needed.

Future Developments

The Barcode Similarity Group Classifier is a starting point for grouping together

sequences based on their genetic similarity. However, several improvements could be made,

particularly in the ability to query the BSG database. Fortunately, the technology to make these

improvements has already been developed and only needs to be implemented.

The first improvement would be to create a phylogenetic tree of the sequences within

each BSG because a single BSG could contain any number of different species with a varying

amount of genetic variation. Nilsson et al. (2004) developed a set of CGI scripts, called galaxie,

that aligns the query sequence to related species in a local database using Clustal W and presents

either a neighbour joining tree (NJ) or a maximum parsimony (MP) tree using Phylip. The output

is a phylogenetic tree displayed in the user’s browser and a Newick tree file that can be

downloaded for further analysis. Another desirable feature would be a CGI script that would

display a phylogenetic tree of individual BSGs even in the absence of a query sequence.

39

Taxonomists could use this tool to search through BSGs to find misidentified sequences, cryptic

species and novel species.

A severe limitation of the BSG database is that it does not respond to changes made to

GenBank entries and it does not automatically update when new sequences are added to

GenBank. However, this feature could be added. Once a week, MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) uses

BioPerl to connect to GenBank, and retrieves new sequences using a Boolean search. The same

script could be used to retrieve new Cortinarius sequences. There are two additional challenges

that would have to be overcome to conserve accuracy in the BSG database. The first challenge is

to filter out the sequences that are misidentified as Cortinarius but really belong to a different

genus. The second challenge is to filter out ITS sequences that are too short and to trim the 18S

and 25S portions when they are too long. The third, and most difficult challenge is to retrieve

those environmental sequences that are not labeled as Cortinarius.

When sequences are downloaded from GenBank, they are often of differing lengths. The

RDP classifier requires sequences to be of roughly equal length. As well, the BLAST output is

more accurate when sequences are of equal length. Nilsson et al. (unpublished) produced a Perl

script that uses hidden Markov Models (HMM) trained on detecting the ends of the ITS region in

a variety of fungal lineages. Once this program enters the public domain, it could be used to trim

the GenBank entries to the desired length.

After retrieving sequences from GenBank, sequences should be classified into an existing

BSG or a new BSG should be made. As the original BSG creation process depended on an

alignment, this process cannot be repeated. It would be possible to have the RDP classifier

classify sequences into existing BSGs. However, as the BSG classifier is sensitive to the length

of sequence, a poor bootstrap value is not necessarily a sign that a new BSG should be created.

Solid criteria need to be developed to define the rules of when a new BSG should be created. As

well, a script for creating new BSGs in the MySQL database still needs to be written. If the

program Cd-Hit (Li and Godzik 2006) were used to create BSGs, incremental clustering could be

used to add new sequences to existing BSGs or create new BSGs if needed.

Similar to the problem of automatically adding new sequences from GenBank, is the

problem of updating all three databases. Presently the MySQL database serves as the hub to

create the personal RDP and BLAST databases. However, the subservient databases have

40

different FASTA formats. A script would need to be created to update the subservient databases

after the MySQL database is updated. Currently, the submission of ecological data to GenBank is

not required and often is not given. It would be desirable to create an accession entry page where

users could upload geographical and ecological data (Horton et al. 2008).

Conclusion

Barcode Similarity Groups, as produced by DOTUR, are effective at clustering sequences

of greater or equal to a threshold value of genetic similarity. They can find misidentification or

mislabeling, label environmental sequences and match them to voucher sequences, have the

potential to find novel and cryptic species, and are an effective way of compiling geographic and

ecological data.

However, this method is not without its faults. Expert taxonomic work on the contents of

each BSG is needed to identify the species within each BSG and to correct misidentifications and

mislabeling. This method does not identify species. The small genetic differences within a BSG

may represent different species with large ecological differences. Thus BSGs should not be

treated as an endpoint species label for environmental sequences, but rather should be treated as

a proxy.

In the future, BSGs could be used to group and classify all fungi. The technology to do

this is already present. Sequences could be classified into BSGs and BSGs could be further

investigated based on a phylogenetic approach such as that used by MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005)

and UNITE (Kõljalg et al. 2005). New sequences could be automatically retrieved from NCBI

(as performed by MOR (Hibbett et al. 2005) and Emerencia (Nilsson et al. 2005) and then

automatically classified into an existing BSG or into a newly created BSG. The use and

acceptance of BSGs could lead to great improvements in fungal taxonomy (by the detection of

novel species and cryptic species, and by annotating misidentified specimens) and ecology (by

grouping similar sequences from different studies together and classifying their sequences). In

addition we can look forward to improvements in the method of delimiting sequences into

groups of genetic similarity (White et al. 2010). The method of using Cd-Hit (Li and Godzik

2006) to create BSGs should be investigated in the future.

41

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50

Figures

Figure 1: Steps taken to create the BSGs.

51

Figure 2: Accumulation of Cortinarius ITS sequences in GenBank over time.

52

Figure 3: The number of Barcode Similarity Groups created by DOTUR at different similarity

values. Values were calculated with the 5.8S removed.

53

Figure 4: Rarefaction curve showing no saturation in the number of BSGs that were created.

54

Figure 5. Maximum parsimony bootstrap consensus tree of a cluster of 168 Cortinarius

sequences with 80% similarity.

55

Figure 5. (continued)

56

Figure 6: The proportion of Barcode Similarity Groups that contain one or more different

specific epithets. The number of epithets found within a BSG ranged from zero to ten. A BSG

that contains no specific epithets contains only environmental and/or unidentified voucher

specimens.

57

Figure 7: The percent of labeled sequences whose specific epithets are found in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6

different BSGs compared to the number of all the labeled sequences.

58

Tables

Table 1: Sequences that were removed from analysis because they BLASTed to genera other than Cortinarius.

GenBank Number GenBank taxonomy Best BLAST match Percent Similarity Notes

AB211143 Uncultured mycorrhizal basidiomycete AB211273.1 Laccaria laccata 99%

AB253520 Uncultured Cortinarius FJ197201.1 Atheliaceae sp. 90%

AF325632 Hymenogaster alnicola EU784364.1 Hymenogaster tener 96% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325633 Hymenogaster tener AY900085.1 Naucoria escharoides 91% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325634 Hymenogaster glacialis AY945303.1 Hymenogaster rubyensis 100% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325635 Hymenogaster sp. AF325640.1 Hymenogaster subalpinus 99% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325636 Hymenogaster griseus EU784361.1 Hymenogaster griseus 97% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325637 Hymenogaster populetorum EU784361.1 Hymenogaster griseus 97% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325638 Hymenogaster parksii AF325640.1 Hymenogaster subalpinus 99% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325639 Hymenogaster gardneri AF325640.1 Hymenogaster subalpinus 97% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

59

GenBank Number GenBank taxonomy Best BLAST match Percent Similarity Notes

AF325640 Hymenogaster subalpinus AF325638.1 Hymenogaster parksii 99% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325641 Hymenogaster bulliardii AF325642.1 Hymenogaster olivaceus 99% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF325642 Hymenogaster olivaceus AF325641.1 Hymenogaster bulliardii 99% More related to Hebeloma, Alnicola,

Naucoria than to Cortinarius

AF476981 Ectomycorrhizal root tip EF093164.1 Meliniomyces variabilis 99%

AJ296299 Cortinarius caerulescens AY194520.1 Bolbitius lacteus 99%

AY634134 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) FJ197201.1 Atheliaceae sp. 90%

AY634157 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) AY323516.1 Inocybe sp. 98% sequence too short to know

AY656928 Uncultured mycorrhizal fungus CORTICI1 EF372406.1 Atheliaceae sp. 88% unique sequence close to Piloderma and

Tylospora

AY825511 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) EU819474.1 Inocybe cf. soriora 83%

dfmo1803 Hygrocybe

dfmo1808 Hygrocybe

dfmo1813 Hygrocybe

dfmo1814 Hygrocybe

dfmo2238 Russula

60

GenBank Number GenBank taxonomy Best BLAST match Percent Similarity Notes

dfmo4704 Bolete

DQ097876 Cortinarius callisteus GQ267477.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ097880 Cortinarius vibratilis DQ367904.1 Hygrophorus eburneus 100%

DQ421086 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 98%

DQ421087 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ421088 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ421089 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ421090 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ421091 Uncultured soil fungus clone GQ994982.1 Laccaria proxima 99%

DQ481865 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) AY112935.1 Cenococcum geophilum 97%

EU222982 Fungal sp. MR36 AF006596.1 Laccaria laccata 98%

EU326169 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) EF093179.1 Cadophora finlandica 97%

EU525942 Cortinarius sp. AM882882.2 Inocybe ochroalba 99%

EU645628 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) EU525951.1 Inocybe geophylla 100%

FJ210731 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (Cortinarius) FJ197201.1 Atheliaceae sp. 90%

61

Table 2: Specific epithets that were found in more than one Barcode Similarity Group (BSG) and

the total number of BSGs they were found in.

Number

of

Barcode

Similarity

Groups

Specific Epithets

2 albovestitus, aprinus, arcuatorum, armeniacus, armillatus,

arquatus, aurora, badiovinaceus, balaustinus, balteatoalbus,

balteatus, barbarorum , bigelowii, bovinus, cacaocolor,

caesiocanescens, californicus, camphoratus, catharinae,

cinnamomeus, clandestinus, corrugatus, cotoneus, cupreorufus,

delibutus, duracinus, elegantior, elegantissimus, evernius,

flavobulbus, gentilis, glaucopus, hemitrichus, humidicola ,

humolens, idahoensis, junghuhnii , laetus, langei , laniger,

limonius, muscigenus, ochrophyllus, odorifer, olearioides,

parasuaveolens, phoeniceus, platypus, raphanoides, renidens,

rufo-olivaceus, sanguineus, saturninus, scandens, spectabilis,

spilomeus , stillatitius, subarquatus, subcastanella , subfoetidus,

sulphurinus, talus, torvus, traganus, venetus, verrucisporus

3 anomalus, argutus, azureus, cedretorum, claroflavus, corrosus,

croceocaeruleus, fulmineus, magellanicus , mucosus,

multiformis, mutabilis, nanceiensis, percomis, rapaceus, salor,

sodagnitus, violaceus

4 alboviolaceus, allutus, barlowensis, flexipes, infractus,

magnivelatus, vibratilis

5 brunneus, calochrous, obtusus, semisanguineus

6 acutus

62

Appendices

Appendix 1: A BLAST search showing the problems associated one encounters. There are unidentified, misidentified and uncultured sequences. It is not apparent from the BLAST search that the first 9 sequences all belong to the same species.

63

Appendix 2: The 94% Barcode Similarity Group Database

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 001 AB301613 Nara Ct1 Cortinarius tenuipes GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 001 AY174782 TUB 011393 Cortinarius infractus Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 002 AF539732 TUB 011292 Cortinarius rubrivelatus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 EU821659 DAVFP28803 Cortinarius bibulus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 FJ039626 F16405 SMI 193 Cortinarius camphoratus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 FJ717505 F17046 EH 23 Cortinarius camphoratus North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

old growth hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 AY669633 HO A20606A0 Cortinarius tasmacamphoratus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 TRTC157579 Cortinarius camphoratus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 ALG06_16_a Cortinarius tasmacamphoratus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 003 ALG06_16_b Cortinarius tasmacamphoratus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 004 FJ039637 F16416 SMI A45 Cortinarius argutus (turgious?) North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 004 FJ157123 SMI153 Cortinarius pinophilous North America Canada British Columbia Sunday Lake, Hazelton

Scattered in hemlock

forests

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AY669632 HO A20528A0 Cortinarius walkeri Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF389159 IB19610171 Cortinarius icterinus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF389151 IB19630218 Cortinarius teraturgus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF389160 IB19930118 Cortinarius amoenus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539721 TUB 011467 Cortinarius amoenus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539712 TUB 011471 Cortinarius carneolus South America Chile Valdivia Jardin Botanico Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

64

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539725 TUB 011474 Cortinarius elaphinus South America Chile Temuco Conguillio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539720 TUB 011477 Cortinarius icterinus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539734 TUB 011479 Cortinarius lividus South America Chile Valdivia Arboretum UACH Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539719 TUB 011480 Cortinarius magellanicus South America Chile Valdivia Jardin Botanico Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF539726 TUB 011487 Cortinarius rubrobasalis South America Chile Temuco Salto de la Princesa Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 005 AF112147 Cortinarius austrovenetus Australia Australia GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 006 AY669624 CO1255 Cortinarius iringa New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 006 AF539724 TUB 011485 Cortinarius rapaceus var. luridus South America Chile Valdivia Jardin Botanico Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 006 AF539723 TUB 011486 Cortinarius rapaceus var. luridus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 006 AF325587 Trappe18741 Cortinarius sp. Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 AF539707 AH 15465 Cortinarius luteostriatulus South America Chile Osorno Popoen Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 FJ157091 F15991 Cortinarius cf. olivaceopictus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 FJ039601 F16380 SMIA03 Cortinarius venetus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 TRTC156083 TM03_443 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 AF539709 TUB 011476 Cortinarius flavofucatus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 AF539708 TUB 011482 Cortinarius obscurooliveus South America Chile Temuco Salto de la Princesa Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 DOU56049 JFA11108 Cortinarius olivaceopictus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 007 DOU56050 JFA11110 Cortinarius olivaceopictus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 008 AF389162 NZ68373 Cortinarius cardinalis New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 008 AF539736 TUB 011483 Cortinarius olivaceobubalinus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

65

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 009 AY669622 CO1180 Cortinarius cretax New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 009 AF539730 TUB 011469 Cortinarius austroturmalis South America Chile Temuco Lonquimay Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 009 AF539715 TUB 011470 Cortinarius caelicolor South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 009 AF539711 TUB 011472 Cortinarius cervinus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 009 AF539713 TUB 011484 Cortinarius pugionipes South America Chile Temuco Lonquimay Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AF325605 IB 19960696 Cortinarius fraudulosus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY669535 O-60164 Cortinarius argutus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY669516 Reinders-87 Cortinarius paracephalixus Europe Netherlands GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY174786 TUB 011391 Cortinarius cephalixus Europe Germany Tübingen

Fagus sylvatica and

Pinus sp.

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY174783 TUB 011395 Cortinarius cephalixus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY174784 TUB 011444 Cortinarius cephalixus Europe Germany Eßlingen Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 010 AY669551 TUB 011870 Cortinarius fraudulosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ039614 F16393 SMI A04 Cortinarius cf. pini North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717603 F17038 Daniel1 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717602 F17053 EH30 Cortinarius variosimilis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717519 F17055 EH32 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

Strawberry Flats

under amabilis fir

with huckleberry and

evergreen

huckleberry, violets,

lupins, yarrow

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717597 F17056 EH33 Cortinarius variosimilis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

under amabilis fir, in

pine litter

GenBank basidiocarp

66

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Strawberry Flats

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717593 F17090 VMS14 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under spruce GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717596 F17101 VMS26 Cortinarius variosimilis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial

Park,Cambie Trail

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717599 F17106 VMS4 Cortinarius variosimilis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

Strawberry Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717598 F17112 VMS1 Cortinarius variosimilis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

Strawberry Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 EU846306 OSC 109198 Cortinarius magnivelatus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 011 AY174792 TUB 011392 Cortinarius varius Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 AY174790 TUB 011413 Cortinarius varius Europe Germany Imst Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717581

JMB10-06-2007-

03

Cortinarius cupreorufus North America USA Wasgington

Chatter Creek, Chelan

County

Pseudotsuga

menziesii, Tsuga

heterophylla

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 EU223003 MR59 Fungal sp. North America USA Alaska Delta Junction

Picea mariana

dominated

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717600 SAT02-285-15 Cortinarius variosimilis North America USA Oregon Falls Trail, Watson Creek

Tsuga heterophylla,

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 011 FJ717601

JMB10-06-2007-

02

Cortinarius variosimilis North America USA Wasgington

Chatter Creek, Chelan

County

Tsuga heterophylla,

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 FJ717585 F17041 EH17 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 FJ717587 F17064 EH41 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

under hemlock, in

duff

GenBank basidiocarp

67

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 012 FJ717588 F17065 EH42 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

under hemlock, in

duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 FJ717586 F17081 TT1 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Admiralty Heights,

Belcarra

under Western

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY669552 O-125961 Cortinarius coalescens Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY669517 O-63269 Cortinarius balteatoalbus Europe Switzerland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY669539 O-65723 Cortinarius spadicellus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY174793 TUB 011415 Cortinarius variicolor Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY174795 TUB 011416 Cortinarius variicolor Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY174794 TUB 011455 Cortinarius coalescens Europe Germany Weyer Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY669542 TUB 011455 Cortinarius largus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AY174796 TUB 011462 Cortinarius variicolor Europe Germany Üxheim Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 AJ238082 M5 Cortinarius variicolor Europe Norway Akershus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 012 EU645596 STILRO30

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 013 AY174801 TUB 011440 Cortinarius balteatocumatilis Europe France Piroulette Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 013 AY669526 TUB 011844 Cortinarius balteatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 013 FJ717518 JFA13154 Cortinarius balteatocumatilis North America USA Washington Fort Dent Betula, Salix GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 013 EU569251 MHM176 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 014 FJ039633 F16412 SMI280 Cortinarius variicolor group North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 014 FJ717595 F17037 ChunkyCort Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Skagit Valley

high elevation?

Douglas fir, cedar or

lodgepole pine,

growing on gravel

GenBank basidiocarp

68

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 014 AY669518 O-125949 Cortinarius vacciniophilus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 014 AF325606 Trappe8178 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 FJ039613 F16392 SMI 272 Cortinarius balteatus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AY669631 HO 990304A2 Cortinarius lavendulensis Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AY669524 O-125826 Cortinarius acidophilus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AY669617 PERTH 05506735 Cortinarius lavendulensis Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AF539714 TUB 011290 Cortinarius punctatisporus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AF539710 TUB 011291 Cortinarius aurantiorufus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 AF539733 TUB 011481 Cortinarius myxoclaricolor South America Chile Temuco Conguillio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 DQ054564 F3-56 Cortinarius uncultured fungus Europe Italy GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 015 FJ157117 SMI15 Cortinarius balteatus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mossy duff

in interior cedar

hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 FJ157125 SMI25 Cortinarius balteatusgroup North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock

forests ~ 225 yrs

(ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 015 FJ157140 SMI33 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton Clearcut, ICHmc2 GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 016 AF325607 IB 19970154 Cortinarius citriolens North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 017 AY669557 TUB 011874 Cortinarius pseudovulpinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 018 FJ039617 F16396 OC26 Cortinarius fulmineus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, acer, thuja

plicata)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 018 AF389135 IB19800618 Cortinarius multiformis Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

69

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 018 AY669558 TUB 011861 Cortinarius langei Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 018 DQ083790 TF1999-084 Cortinarius langei s.l. Europe Denmark Fyn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 018 DQ083789 JV01-642 Cortinarius langei s.l. Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 018 CAU56022 JFA9541 Cortinarius allutus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 019 EU525971 OSC 1064135 Cortinarius calyptratus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 019 EU525980 OSC 1064206 Cortinarius calyptratus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 019 AF539716 TUB 011475 Cortinarius flammuloides South America Chile Valdivia Jardin Botanico Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 019 FJ717521 JFA13153 Cortinarius glaucocephalus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 020 AY669550 TUB 011862 Cortinarius latobalteatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 020 DQ990865 30

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Italy GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 021 AY669553 TEB 153-84 Cortinarius caligatus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 022 AF389125 IB19630347 Cortinarius magellanicus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 022 AF539722 AH19524 Cortinarius permagnificus South America Chile Osorno Antillanca Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 023 AY669626 CO1034 Cortinarius austrocyanites New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 024 AF325556 DAOM198883 Thaxterogaster violaceum South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 024 AF325557 Halling5733 Thaxterogaster violaceum South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 FJ039615 F16394 SMI 293 Cortinarius glaucopus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 FJ039616 F16395 SMI A20 Cortinarius glaucopus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 AF325604 IB 19990668 Cortinarius glaucopus Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

70

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 025 DQ974717 src262 Cortinarius cf. glaucopus North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 AY174785 TUB 011397 Cortinarius glaucopus Europe Germany Nohn Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 AY174787 TUB 011414 Cortinarius glaucopus Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 AY669547 TUB 011863 Cortinarius magicus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 EF493266 UP545 Cortinarius glaucopus Europe Sweden Flakaliden Pinus abies GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 025 DQ083794 TSJ1999-050 Cortinarius magicus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 EU645632 NWBRO20

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 025 AY822737 RBDEM_005

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA Wyoming Yellowstone National Park Pinus contorta GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 025 AM084701 Cortinarius glaucopus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 025 DQ179120 UP21 Cortinarius glaucopus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 026 AY669556 O-63407 Cortinarius tiliae Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 027 AF389146 IB20000159 Cortinarius rapaceus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 027 AY174862 TUB 011423 Cortinarius caerulescens Europe Germany Loogh Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 027 AJ889944 TF-01-029 Cortinarius caerulescens Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Farum Noerreskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 027 AY174863 UL 98/88 Cortinarius caerulescens Europe Germany Thuringen Wöllmisse Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 027 DQ083810 TSJ2003-100 Cortinarius rapaceus s.l. Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 028 AY669546 TUB 011847 Cortinarius caesiocanescens Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

71

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 028 EF218755 UBCOCS441

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 029 AF539717 TUB 011490 Cortinarius viridibasalis South America Chile Temuco Lonquimay Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 030 AF325600 IB 19630258 Cortinarius cinereobrunneus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 030 AF325599 Halling 5832 Thaxterogaster albocanus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 030 AF136740 Lr24 Cortinarius sp. GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 031 AY669623 CO1256 Cortinarius subcastanellus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 031 AY033112 NZ800 Cortinarius subcastanella New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 032 AF389132 CHI70221 Cortinarius paradoxus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 032 AY033107 CHI70221 Cortinarius paradoxus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 032 AY669638 HO 990411A1 Cortinarius cf. submeleagris Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 032 AY033108 IB19650506 Cortinarius paradoxus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 033 AY033103 NZ68344 Cortinarius elacatipus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 033 AY033104 NZ1913 Cortinarius elacatipus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 033 AY033105 NZ8706 Cortinarius achrous South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 034 AY033109 NZ814 Cortinarius subcastanella New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 034 AY033110 NZ8503 Cortinarius subcastanella New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 034 AY033111 NZ8533 Cortinarius subcastanella New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 034 AY033106 NZ858 Cortinarius taylorianus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 035 AY669600 TUB 011873 Cortinarius pseudotriumphans South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 036 AY033114 IB19630088 Cortinarius collariatus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

72

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 036 AY033115 RA6711 Cortinarius collariatus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 037 AY669641 CO1065 Cortinarius persicanus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 037 AY669639 HO 990504A2 Cortinarius persicanus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 038 AF325602 MPM1710 Cortinarius remyi Europe Spain GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 038 AF325603 Trappe19101 Hymenogaster sublilacinus North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 039 AF389133 IB19850061 Cortinarius iodes North America USA GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 039 AF389134 IB19930277 Cortinarius coerulescens Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 039 AY669554 TUB 011878 Cortinarius terpsichores Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 039 DQ083817 TF2002-007 Cortinarius terpsichores Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 AY669548 IB 93/619 Cortinarius maire Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 AY174860 TUB 011402 Cortinarius boudieri Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 AY174861 TUB 011424 Cortinarius boudieri Europe Germany Nohn

Fagus sylvatica and

Picea abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 AY669515 TUB 011846 Cortinarius caerulescens Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 DQ083781 TF2002-002 Cortinarius coerulescentium Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 040 DQ083780 JV01-572 Cortinarius coerulescentium Europe Denmark GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 041 AY669545 TUB 011869 Cortinarius polymorphus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 042 AY669611 TUB 011836 Cortinarius malvaceus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 043 AY356323 C1 EC172 Cortinarius sp. C1-EC172 GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 043 FJ039631 F16410 PK4085 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia

Cambie Creek, Manning

Park

GenBank basidiocarp

73

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 044 DQ974723 bg16d

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 045 AY669543 O-125906 Cortinarius patibilis Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 046 AY174812 TUB 011417 Cortinarius cumatilis Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 046 AY174803 TUB 011420 Cortinarius praestans Europe Germany Dußlingen Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 046 AY174802 TUB 011448 Cortinarius praestans Europe Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 046 AY174804 TUB 011460 Cortinarius praestans Europe Germany Weyer Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 047 AY669522 TUB 011852 Cortinarius claricolor Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 FJ039630 F16409 SMI 235 Cortinarius cf. dalecalicus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 FJ039634 F16413 PK4471 Cortinarius allutus North America Canada British Columbia

Kendrick Point, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 FJ039635 F16414 SMI201A Cortinarius

sp. Multiformis group

= allutus?

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AF325585 IB 19940224 Cortinarius allutus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AF389144 IB19910646 Cortinarius melliolens North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AY033119 IB19950301 Cortinarius talus North America USA GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AY669533 O-125960 Cortinarius

balteatoalbus var.

areni-silvis

Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AY669531 TUB 011841 Cortinarius allutus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AY669532 TUB 0118410 Cortinarius multiformis Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 AY669530 TUB 011877 Cortinarius talus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

74

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 048 FJ717579 SAT00-261-63 Cortinarius talus North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 048 EF619678 4S2.16.F04

Uncultured

Cortinarius

North America USA North Carolina Orange County

collected from Pinus

taeda dominant

forest

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 049 AF325586 IB 19990590 Cortinarius talus Asia Russia Kamchatka GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 049 TRTC157346 QC0839 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 050 AY669603 TUB 011875 Cortinarius stephanopus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 051 AY669649 HO 990427A5 Cortinarius fulvoiubatus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 FJ039612 F16391 SMI 286 Cortinarius infractus group North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 AF503551 IB19990589 Cortinarius infractus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 AF389148 IB19990669 Cortinarius infractus Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 EU525961 OSC 1064084 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 EU525962 OSC 1064087 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 TRTC155759 TM02_111 Cortinarius cf. infractus North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 TRTC155760 TM02_112 Cortinarius cf. infractus North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 AY174781 TUB 011441 Cortinarius infractus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 EU816664 M100

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Thüringen Nationalpark Hainich GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 052 DQ097885 OUC99392 Cortinarius glaucopus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 DQ097886 OUC99394 Cortinarius salor North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

75

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 052 EU569247 MHM126 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 052 EU569252 MHM177 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 053 AY669536 TUB 0118859 Cortinarius

infractus var.

obscurocyaneus

Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 054 EU444553 EDM62 Cortinarius infractus Fagus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 054 AY174779 TUB 011384 Cortinarius infractus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 054 AY174780 TUB 011396 Cortinarius infractus Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 055 DQ117928 CFP526 Cortinarius norrlandicus Europe Sweden Ang Haggdanger spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp isotype

Cortinarius BSG 055 FJ039702 F16481 PK3959 Cortinarius sp. Phlegmacium North America Canada British Columbia

Road to Rennell Sound,

Graham Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 055 AF325608 IB 19960705 Cortinarius saginus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 055 AY174797 TUB 011419 Cortinarius saginus Europe Germany Tübingen Pinus sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 055 AY174800 TUB 011425 Cortinarius saginus Europe Germany Sistig Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 056 AY669521 O-58647 Cortinarius populinus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 057 AF389169 IB19990199 Cortinarius bolaris Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 057 AY669596 TUB 0118524 Cortinarius bolaris Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 058 FJ157034 F15817 Cortinarius cinnamomeus group North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 058 AF389170 IB19990518 Cortinarius laetus Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481673 SWUBC542

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481692 SWUBC184

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481699 SWUBC555 Uncultured North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

76

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ectomycorrhiza

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481701 SWUBC181

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481714 SWUBC180

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481716 SWUBC182

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481727 SWUBC178

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481729 SWUBC553

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481734 SWUBC185

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481735 SWUBC543

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481739 SWUBC556

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481777 SWUBC557

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481797 SWUBC544

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481801 SWUBC188

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481803 SWUBC552

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481822 SWUBC549

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481824 SWUBC547

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

77

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481829 SWUBC545

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481839 SWUBC189

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481853 SWUBC554

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481859 SWUBC551

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 058 DQ481861 SWUBC550

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 059 EU821676 DAVFP26250 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ039604 F16383 SMIA07 Cortinarius ochrophyllus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ039605 F16384 SMI A47 Cortinarius cf. anomalus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 AJ438981 SR929 Cortinarius obtusus Europe Germany Bavaria Freising Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ157144 SMI167 Cortinarius caninus group North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Common in Interior

Cedar-Hemlock

forests

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ717565 JFA12891 Cortinarius cf.subolivascens North America USA Washington White Pass

Abies, Tsuga, Picea,

Pinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ717564 JFA13133 Cortinarius raphanoides North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 EU569249 MHM172 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 059 FJ152512 SLUBC12

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 dfmo0417 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08115a Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

78

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08115b Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08116a Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08116b Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08117a Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 QC08117b Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 FJ157124 SMI41 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Gregarious in mesic-

submesic Hemlock

forests (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 dfmo0418 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 dfmo4487 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 060 EU726285 PP57H2

Uncultured

Cortinarius

North America USA California Pinus ponderosa GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481686 SWUBC335

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481704 SWUBC958

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481718 SWUBC751

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481724 SWUBC342

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481790 SWUBC764

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481815 SWUBC345

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ481834 SWUBC478

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

79

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 060 FJ152513 SLUBC13

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 060 DQ377381 JLP3560

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 061 AF539718 TUB 011478 Cortinarius lignyotus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 061 EF634089 RT61-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 061 EF634090 RT43-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 061 EF634091 RT44-3

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 061 EF634092 RT47-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 061 EF634093 RT65-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 062 AY174788 TUB 011408 Cortinarius viridocoeruleus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 062 AY174789 TUB 011435 Cortinarius viridocoeruleus Europe Germany Müster-Nienberg Quercus sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 062 AY669540 TUB 011848 Cortinarius camptoros Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 062 DQ083818 TF2000-056 Cortinarius viridocoeruleus Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 063 dfmo1306 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 064 AY669619 HO 980509A0 Cortinarius austrosaginus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 065 DQ652233 IK99-704 (H) Cortinarius lustrabilis Europe Finland

pine heath forest on

sandy soil

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 065 DQ652236 PC0088377 Cortinarius lustrabilis Europe France

under Picea abies

among mosses

GenBank basidiocarp

80

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 065 DQ652234 TN05-218 (H) Cortinarius lustrabilis Europe Norway

planted Picea abies

forest with some

Pinus sylvestris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 065 DQ652235 TN05-235 (H) Cortinarius lustrabilis Europe Norway

planted Picea abies

forest with some

Pinus sylvestris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 065 AY669586 TUB 011835 Cortinarius lustrabilis Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 066 AY669650 HO 970419A0 Cortinarius ardesiacus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 067 AY669620 CO1318 Cortinarius alboserrulatus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 068 AY174813 TUB 011450 Cortinarius dionysae Europe Germany Weyer Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 068 DQ083782 TSJ2000-102 Cortinarius dionysae Europe Germany Bayern GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 069 TRTC155852 TM02_209 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 069 TRTC155873 TM02_230 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 069 TRTC155941 TM02_298 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 069 TRTC156009 TM02_366 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 069 AY669523 TUB 011856 Cortinarius

glaucopus var.

olivaceus

Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 070 AY669527 TUB 011860 Cortinarius langei Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 070 DQ083813 JV01-574 Cortinarius sp. Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 071 EU569250 MHM175 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 072 AF389149 IB19630228 Cortinarius ombrophilus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 072 AF503553 IB19890227 Cortinarius aurora GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 073 FJ039602 F16381 SMI A16 Cortinarius illuminus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

81

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 073 FJ039603 F16382 SMI A43 Cortinarius cf. balastinus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 073 AF389152 IB19950278 Cortinarius badiovinaceus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 073 QC08122 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 074 AY669634 HO 990311A4 Cortinarius caeruleoburneus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 074 AY669630 HO A20511C4 Cortinarius cannarius Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 075 AY669608 PERTH 05506786 Cortinarius vinaceolamellatus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 076 EU292561 IH_Tag102_4602 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 077 AY174806 TUB 011404 Cortinarius anserinus Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 077 AY174807 TUB 011436 Cortinarius anserinus Europe Germany Eßlingen Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 077 AY174805 TUB 011459 Cortinarius anserinus Europe Germany Schleswig-Holstein Tondorf Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 078 DQ083793 TF2001-120 Cortinarius luhmannii Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 079 FJ039663 F16442 SMI A19 Cortinarius allutus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 080 AF389163 IB19990084 Cortinarius firmus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 080 dfmo1303 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 081 AY033117 NZ8682 Cortinarius castoreus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 082 AY669601 TUB 011854 Cortinarius effundens South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 083 AY174799 TUB 011461 Cortinarius triumphans Europe Germany

Bad Neuenahr-

Ahrweiler

Ramersbach Betula sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 083 AY174798 UL96/98 Cortinarius triumphans Europe Germany Thüringen Sonnenberg Betula sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 084 AY669528 O-125787 Cortinarius vinaceomaculatus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

82

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 085 AY174791 TUB 011409 Cortinarius variiformis Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 085 AY669549 TUB 011912 Cortinarius obsoletus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 086 AY174811 TUB 011406 Cortinarius vulpinus Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 087 AY174864 TUB 011429 Cortinarius pseudonapus Europe Germany Birresborn Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 087 AY669534 TUB 011853 Cortinarius delaportei Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 088 AY669541 O-65724 Cortinarius serarius Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 089 AF389127 NZ8501 Cortinarius rotundisporus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 089 AY669612 PERTH 05255074 Cortinarius rotundisporus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 089 AF112144 Cortinarius

krombholzii var.

rotundisporus

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 089 AF136738 Cortinarius rotundisporus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 090 EU821685 DAVFP26562 Cortinarius illibatus North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 FJ717515 F17048 EH25 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

old growth hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 FJ717516 F17083 TT3 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Suicide Creek, Lower

Seymour Conservation

Reserve, North Vancouver

under second growth

hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 AF325580 IB 19860263 Cortinarius delibutus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 AF325579 IB 19940297 Cortinarius salor Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 TRTC157349 QC0842 Cortinarius delibutus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 AY669587 TUB 011834 Cortinarius delibutus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 AY669592 TUB 011838 Cortinarius salor Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 CDU56025 JFA9467 Cortinarius delibutus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

83

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 090 FJ717513 SAT01-301-12 Cortinarius salor North America USA Washington

Upper Hoh Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 090 AF430256 S48 Cortinarius delibutus GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 091 FJ717514 F17104 VMS29 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Rim National Park,

Tofino, Old Growth Trail

conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 091 AJ236065 KH18 Cortinarius delibutus Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 092 AF389128 IB1963414 Cortinarius illitus South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ157083 F15801 Cortinarius salor complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ157099 F15960 Cortinarius salor complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ157082 F16020 Cortinarius salor complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ157081 F16050 Cortinarius cf. salor North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ039705 F16484 PK3956 Cortinarius sp. Phlegmacium North America Canada British Columbia

Road to Rennell Sound,

Graham Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 FJ039706 F16485 PK4601 Cortinarius croceo-coeruleus North America Canada British Columbia

Boschniakia Point, Rose

Inlet, Moresby Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481675 SWUBC812

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481708 SWUBC803

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481755 SWUBC375

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481770 SWUBC811

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481798 SWUBC381

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

84

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481810 SWUBC378

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481827 SWUBC379

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 093 DQ481841 SWUBC797

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 094 AF539735 TUB 011473 Cortinarius columbinus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 095 AY174809 TUB 011400 Cortinarius caesiocortinatus Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 095 DQ083774 TSJ2002-028 Cortinarius caesiocortinatus Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 096 DQ083806 TSJ2003-033 Cortinarius prasinocyaneus Europe Sweden Öland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 097 AY669544 TUB 011589 Cortinarius crassus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 098 AY669616 HO A20606A5 Cortinarius quaresimalis Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 099 AF325561 Trappe15856 Protoglossum sp. Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 099 DQ328059 AF2 Cortinarius walpolensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 099 DQ328131 AF88 Cortinarius walpolensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 100 AF539729 TUB 011488 Cortinarius squamiger South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 100 AF539728 TUB 011489 Cortinarius tenellus South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 100 AF539727 AH13475 Cortinarius pachynemeus South America Chile Valdivia Rebellin Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 101 FJ039697 F16476 PK2858 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia

Woodruff Bay, Knight

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 101 AJ238035 M7 Cortinarius obtusus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU057087 ECUBC14

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

85

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292225 IH_Tag064_0190 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292257 IH_Tag064_2372 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292271 IH_Tag064_2771 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292274 IH_Tag064_2848 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292278 IH_Tag064_2915 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292279 IH_Tag064_2954 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292289 IH_Tag064_3162 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292295 IH_Tag064_3544 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292306 IH_Tag064_3994 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

86

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292323 IH_Tag064_4317 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292326 IH_Tag064_4348 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292331 IH_Tag064_4510 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292448 IH_Tag102_0023 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292481 IH_Tag102_1778 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292483 IH_Tag102_1843 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292501 IH_Tag102_2328 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292509 IH_Tag102_2599 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292510 IH_Tag102_2654 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

87

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292538 IH_Tag102_3754 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292548 IH_Tag102_4288 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292549 IH_Tag102_4321 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 EU292557 IH_Tag102_4534 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 101 AF430288 S12 Cortinarius sp. Picea abies GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ039610 F16389 SMI254 Cortinarius obtusus group North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ039611 F16390 SMI A34 Cortinarius

duracinus var.

raphanicus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 102 TRTC157719 Cortinarius sp. North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ717550 SAT00-298-30 Cortinarius obtusus North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ717549

SLB2004-10-31-

13

Cortinarius obtusus North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss, litter, Tsuga

heterophylla, Ledum

groenlandicum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 102 EU597032 UBCOGTR233

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 EU597035 UBCOGTR70

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

88

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 102 EU057089 ECUBC12

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 EU057097 ECUBC13

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ152508 SLUBC20

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ152509 SLUBC23

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 102 FJ152510 SLUBC21

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 103 FJ152511 SLUBC24

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 EU821667 DAVFP28799 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ384593 F15199 Cortinarius

phoeniceus var.

occidentalis

North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterphyllum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ039591 F16370 OC16 Cortinarius

phoenicus var.

occidentalis

North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, maple,),

in deep moss

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ039592 F16371 OC33 Cortinarius

phoenicus var.

occidentalis

North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, garry

oak), in moss

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ039593 F16372 OC17 Cortinarius

phoenicus var.

occidentalis

North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, maple,

garry oak), in moss

around rotting log,

often together with

Callistosporean?

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ039594 F16373 OC14 Cortinarius idahoensis North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, maple,

garry oak), on soil

GenBank basidiocarp

89

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ039595 F16374 OC15 Cortinarius idahoensis North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, maple,

garry oak), on rotting

stump. Gregarious

but mostly already

old

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 FJ717526 F17109 VMS7 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Manning Provincial Park GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 AF389150 IB19990566 Cortinarius semisanguineus Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 AY669581 TUB 011821 Cortinarius

palustris var.

sphagneti

Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DFU56041 MM81/355 Cortinarius fervidus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DPU56055 JFA9732a Cortinarius phoeniceus Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DFU56042 JFA10001 Cortinarius fervidus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DIU56043 JFA10073 Cortinarius idahoensis North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DMU56047 JFA9735 Cortinarius marylandensis North America USA Florida GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DMU56048 JFA9736 Cortinarius marylandensis North America USA Florida GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DPU56052 JFA7313 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America Canada Ontario GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DPU56051 AHS56282 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DPU56053 SG54-102093-13 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DPU56054 JFA9886 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ367898 OUC99387 Cortinarius sanguineus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56064 JFA7908 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada Ontario GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56062 JFA1650 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America USA Michigan GenBank basidiocarp

90

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 104 ALG07_32 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 dfmo0239 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481867 SWUBC844

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481873 SWUBC899

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481884 SWUBC56

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481889 SWUBC635

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481891 SWUBC902

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481893 SWUBC896

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481912 SWUBC45

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481914 SWUBC9

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481921 SWUBC850

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481924 SWUBC625

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481926 SWUBC598

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481928 SWUBC903

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481943 SWUBC594

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

91

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 104 DQ481949 SWUBC314

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56070 JFA6482 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56071 JFA9055 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56072 JFA9670 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 104 DSU56073 JFA11109 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821678 DAVFP26230 Cortinarius cf. cotoneus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821679 DAVFP26532 Cortinarius cf. croceifolia North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821687 DAVFP26539 Cortinarius

Section Dermocybe

Subsection Sanguinei

North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821681 DAVFP26566 Cortinarius cinnamomeus North America Canada British Columbia Valemount Soil and Duff GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821670 DAVFP28800 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821668 DAVFP28806 Cortinarius phoeniceus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821653 DAVFP29098 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia Sooke GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 EU821654 DAVFP29118 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia

Shawnigan Lake,

Vancouver Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157084 F14889 Cortinarius

semisanguineus

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157066 F15095 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157087 F15580 Cortinarius

semisanguineus

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157065 F15811 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157070 F15821 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

92

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157071 F15825 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157067 F15831 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157068 F15880 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ039596 F16375 OC18 Cortinarius idahoensis North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest (doug

fir, arbutus, garry

oak), near rotting

wood, not far from C.

phoeniceus var.

occidentalis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ039597 F16376 OC35 Cortinarius idahoensis North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata), on

very rotten log

together with

Callistosporium

luteo-olivaceum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ039598 F16377 SMI200 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ039599 F16378 SMI257 Cortinarius

phoeniceus var.

occidentalis

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 DSU56065 JFA9805 Cortinarius semisanguineus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 AJ236061 KH17 Cortinarius semisanguineus Europe Norway Buskerud GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157107 SMI40 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in Hemlock

old forest, mesic-

submesic site

(ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ157147 SMI42 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia Salmon River, Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, Pine-

feathermoss; 60 yr

old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 DSU56063 JFA3921 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America USA Michigan GenBank basidiocarp

93

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 105 DSU56067 YJL1001 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America USA New York GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 FJ717529 SAT05-302-05 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America USA Oregon

Camp Magruder,

Rockaway Beach

Picea sitchensis,

Tsuga heterophylla,

Thuja plicata, Alnus

rubra, Pinus contorta

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 DSU56066 JFA9984 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 QC0895 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 105 DQ377382 JLP3150

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 AY750159 C56 EC177 Cortinarius cinnamomeus North America USA Washington

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 EU821690 DAVFP26069 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ157025 F15447 Cortinarius cinnamomeus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ157023 F16113 Cortinarius

croceoconus/aurantio

basis group

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039587 F16366 OC10 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Nest Property,

Sooke

in moss on open rock

outcrop near seep

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039588 F16367 OC31 Cortinarius californicus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

margin of mixed

forest (arbutus, doug

fir, garry oak,

maple), in soil/duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039589 F16368 PK4083 Cortinarius cinnamoneus? North America Canada British Columbia

Cambie Creek, Manning

Park

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039590 F16369 OC32 Cortinarius zakii North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, acer, thuja

plicata), very rotten

wood on the ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039700 F16479 PK5343 Cortinarius

sp. Dermocybe

croceofolius?

North America Canada British Columbia

ne Provincial Park, Roberts

Creek

GenBank basidiocarp

94

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ039701 F16480 PK4612 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada British Columbia

Boschniakia Point, Rose

Inlet, Moresby Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ717524 F17035 AL8 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ717560 F17075 TO1 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia near beach in sand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ717594 F17078 TO4 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Rim National Park,

Tofino, Old Growth Trail

conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ717525 F17087 VMS11 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under spruce GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 EF077495 IB20020614 Cortinarius croceus Europe Austria

Arctostaphylos uva-

ursi

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 TRTC157308 QC0801 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 TRTC157344 QC0837 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 TRTC157351 QC0844 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 AY669585 TUB 011820 Cortinarius olivaceofuscus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 AY669584 TUB 011823 Cortinarius uliginosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DCU56039 JFA9762 Cortinarius cinnamomeus Europe Austria Absam-Eichat GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 AY082608 Cortinarius cinnamomeus Europe Ireland Burren

Carex flacca and C.

pilulifera

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 106 AJ238030 M1 Cortinarius cinnamomeus Europe Norway Buskerud GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DCU56038 JFA9732 Cortinarius croceus Europe Austria Tyrol Innsbruck GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 AJ238031 M2 Cortinarius croceus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 AJ236062 KH7 Cortinarius uliginosus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DAU56037 JFA11113 Cortinarius aurantiobasis North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

95

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ157139 SMI23 Cortinarius aurantiobasis group North America Canada British Columbia Salmon River, Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, Pine-

feathermoss; 60 yr

old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DCU56040 JFA10030 Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ097881 OUC99298 Cortinarius croceus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ157108 SMI26 Cortinarius croceus group North America Canada British Columbia Salmon River, Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, Pine-

feathermoss; 60 yr

old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ367899 OUC97474 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 QC08112 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 ALG07_142 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 dfmo0100 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481876 SWUBC485

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481879 SWUBC172

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481883 SWUBC153

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481885 SWUBC548

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481890 SWUBC174

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481906 SWUBC536 Uncultured North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

96

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ectomycorrhiza

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481916 SWUBC167

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481918 SWUBC527

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481920 SWUBC528

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481930 SWUBC537

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481941 SWUBC530

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481945 SWUBC491

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481948 SWUBC166

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481950 SWUBC139

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 DQ481952 SWUBC531

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 FJ152514 SLUBC11

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 106 EU292314 IH_Tag064_4139 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 106 EU292379 IH_Tag067_2367 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 106 DSU56074 DMS1995 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

97

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 107 EU821697 DAVFP28808 Cortinarius malicorius North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 107 FJ157013 F14887 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 107 AY669583 TUB 011819 Cortinarius malicorius Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 107 DMU56044 JFA9796 Cortinarius malicorius Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 107 DMU56045 JFA10074 Cortinarius malicorius North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 107 ALG07_91 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 FJ157089 F14888 Cortinarius

semisanguineus

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 EU486445 F16299 Cortinarius sanguineus North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 AY669582 TUB 011822 Cortinarius sanguineus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56057 JFA9748 Cortinarius sanguineus Europe Austria Speckbacher GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 AJ236060 KH1 Cortinarius sanguineus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DMU56046 DM9.9.73/27 Cortinarius mallochii North America Canada Ontario GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 FJ157116 SMI171 Cortinarius sanguineus North America Canada British Columbia Oona River, Porcher Island

one group along

river, CWHvh2

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56060 RH2331 Cortinarius sanguineus North America USA Massachusetts GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56059 AHS79922 Cortinarius sanguineus North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56056 JFA8533 Cortinarius sanguineus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56068 HDT32671 Cortinarius sierraensis North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 108 DSU56069 AHS14870 Cortinarius subcinnabarinus North America USA Tennessee GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 109 EU821689 DAVFP26258 Cortinarius semisanguineus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

98

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 109 FJ157086 F15812 Cortinarius

semisanguineus

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 110 AY669567 O-65492 Cortinarius borgsjoeensis Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 AY669644 CO1221 Cortinarius sp. New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 FJ039628 F16407 PK5349 Cortinarius sp. Cf. claricolor North America Canada British Columbia

ne Provincial Park, Roberts

Creek

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 FJ039668 F16447 SMIA17 Cortinarius rapaceus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 FJ039669 F16448 SMIA25 Cortinarius papulosus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 AY669640 HO 990504A3 Cortinarius coelopus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 AY669555 TUB 011867 Cortinarius papulosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 111 FJ157126 SMI38 Cortinarius papulosus group North America Canada British Columbia Kispiox Valley, Hazelton

Immature hemlock

stand, 45 yrs,

ICHmc2

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 112 AF539731 TUB 011293 Cortinarius parahumilis South America Chile Valdivia San Antonio Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 113 FJ039665 F16444 SMI253 Cortinarius renidens North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 113 FJ717589 F17100 VMS24 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Beaver Pond

under amabilis fir GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 113 TRTC155840 TM02_197 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 113 AY669652 TUB 011516 Cortinarius renidens Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 113 EF218753 UBCOCS655F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 114 AY669653 TUB 011522 Cortinarius austroduracinus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 115 AY669636 HO 990125A0 Cortinarius sejuctus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 115 AY669602 PERTH 05506719 Cortinarius globuliformis Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

99

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 115 AF325582 Claridge 2351 Cortinarius globuliformis Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 115 DQ328140 AF102 Cortinarius sp. MEL2057999 GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 116 AY669598 PERTH 05506808 Cortinarius splendidus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 116 AF325583 HorakNZ920 Cortinarius splendidus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 117 AY669643 HO 980515A0 Cortinarius kula Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 118 AY669618 HO A20528A3 Cortinarius salmaster Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 119 AF136739 Lr04 Cortinarius sp. GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 120 AY669529 TUB 011868 Cortinarius percomis Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 120 AJ236068 KH19 Cortinarius percomis Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 EU821682 DAVFP26556 Cortinarius elegantior North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 FJ157094 F14965 Cortinarius superbus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 FJ039670 F16449 SMI279 Cortinarius nanceiensis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 AF389136 IB19980112 Cortinarius russeoides Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 AY174814 TUB 011412 Cortinarius mussivus Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 121 FJ157114 SMI45 Cortinarius superbus North America Canada British Columbia Sunday Lake, Hazelton

Singly or clustered in

Hemlock, pine-

feathermoss; 120 yr

old stand

(ICHmc201b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 122 AY669605

PERTH

05506727

Cortinarius erythraeus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 123 AY669642 HO A20504A2 Cortinarius lacteus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 124 AF389145 IB19630143 Cortinarius trachycystis South America Argentina GenBank basidiocarp

100

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 125 AY669525 TUB 011857 Cortinarius gracilior Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 125 DQ083786 TSJ2003-012 Cortinarius gracilior Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157047 F15150 Cortinarius speciosissimus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157045 F15269 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157055 F15371 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157048 F15469 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157050 F15895 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157051 F15941 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157053 F15952 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157052 F15965 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157056 F15984 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157057 F16016 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157054 F16045 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 FJ157046 F16151 Cortinarius limonius North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 AF325588 IB 19740328 Cortinarius limonius Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 EF600896 JFA 12559 Cortinarius limonius Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 AJ236063 KH8 Cortinarius limonius Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 CLU56027 JFA9796 Cortinarius limonius Europe Italy Tiers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 126 CLU56028 WL1244b Cortinarius limonius GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 127 EF420139 JFA 11937 Cortinarius aurantiobrunneus North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

101

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Number

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Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 127 AF389147 NZ68501 Cortinarius gymnopiloides New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 128 AF435831 KS-BR130 Cortinarius rubrocastaneus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY669613 CO1342 Cortinarius chalybaeus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ157062 F15810 Cortinarius mutabilis North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ157061 F15829 Cortinarius mutabilis North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ039660 F16439 SMI242 Cortinarius purpurascens North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ039661 F16440 SMIA28 Cortinarius mutabilis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ717559 F17084 TT4 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Fisherman's Trail, Lower

Seymour Conservation

Reserve, North Vancouver

under second growth

hemlock and alder

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY669615 HO A20420A0 Cortinarius australis Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY669614 HO A20518A1 Cortinarius submagellanicus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AF325560 IB 19990515 Cortinarius porphyropus Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 DQ822803 KGP43 Cortinarius sp. GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY174858 TUB 011401 Cortinarius purpurascens Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY174854 TUB 011451 Cortinarius porphyropus Europe Germany Daun

Forest with Quercus,

Salix, Populus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AY669538 TUB 011871 Cortinarius

purpurascens var.

largusoides

Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AF325558 Trappe 19821 Thaxterogaster campbellae Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AF325559 Trappe 18313 Thaxterogaster fragile Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 AJ236069 KH9 Cortinarius porphyropus Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ157112 SMI155 Cortinarius mutabilis North America Canada British Columbia Sunday Lake, Hazelton Solitary in old GenBank basidiocarp

102

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Hemlock forest

(ICHmc2/01b)

Cortinarius BSG 129 FJ717568 SAT04-283-01 Cortinarius mutabilis North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 129 DQ481688 SWUBC57

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 129 DQ481762 SWUBC897

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 129 EF218745 UBCOCS117b

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 130 FJ157059 F14972 Cortinarius mutabilis North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 130 FJ157058 F15567 Cortinarius mutabilis North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 131 EU569254 MHM292 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039618 F16397 PK4893 Cortinarius glaucopus group North America Canada British Columbia Windy Bay, Lyell Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039619 F16398 SMIA18 Cortinarius subscaurus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039620 F16399 SMIA23 Cortinarius subscaurus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039621 F16400 SMI282 Cortinarius scaurus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039622 F16401 SMI A14 Cortinarius herpeticus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039703 F16482 PK2825 Cortinarius cf. glaucus North America Canada British Columbia

Kunga Island, Queen

Charlotte Islands

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ039704 F16483 PK3684 Cortinarius sp. Glaucopus group North America Canada British Columbia

Rose Inlet Estuary,

Moresby Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ717590 F17063 EH40 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

under hemlock, in

duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF325563 IB 19940243 Cortinarius scaurus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

103

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF325562 IB 19980175 Cortinarius scaurus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478573 IB19630524 Cortinarius scaurus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478580 IB19740178 Cortinarius

montanus var.

fageticola

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478586 IB19780253 Cortinarius herpeticus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478579 IB19830457 Cortinarius

montanus var.

fageticola

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478582 IB19860280 Cortinarius montanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478585 IB19890331 Cortinarius herpeticus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478583 IB19890348 Cortinarius montanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478587 IB19890444 Cortinarius herpeticus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478578 IB19910576 Cortinarius

montanus var.

fuligineofolius

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478576 IB19910654 Cortinarius

montanus var.

fuligineofolius

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478577 IB19910682 Cortinarius

montanus var.

fuligineofolius

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478574 IB19940259 Cortinarius

scaurus f.

phaeophyllus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478581 IB19950429 Cortinarius montanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478575 IB19960092 Cortinarius scaurus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478572 IB20010028 Cortinarius scaurus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF478584 IB20010094 Cortinarius herpeticus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 EU525972 OSC 1064150 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon HJ Andrews Experimental Pseudotsuga GenBank basidiocarp

104

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Forest menziesii

Cortinarius BSG 132 TRTC157345 QC0838 Cortinarius scaurus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 TRTC157675 Cortinarius scaurus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AY174810 TUB 011387 Cortinarius scaurus Europe Germany Thuringen Oberstadt Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AY174808 TUB 011456 Cortinarius scaurus Europe Germany Birresborn mixed forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 AF481380 71_Ny1.E2-17.3

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 132 AJ236070 KH20 Cortinarius scaurus Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ717592 JFA13111 Cortinarius montanus North America USA Washington Barclay Lake Trail

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ717591 JFA13126 Cortinarius montanus North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ157113 SMI30 Cortinarius montanus complex North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss, mature

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 FJ157143 SMI44 Cortinarius montanus complex North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mossy duff

in interior cedar

hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 ALG07_122 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 132 ALG07_144 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 133 AY669609 TUB 011879 Cortinarius vaginatus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 134 AF389153 IB20000143 Cortinarius balaustinus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 134 EF218760 UBCOCS233F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 135 CVU56033 JFA9464 Cortinarius vibratilis North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

105

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GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 136 EU821664 DAVFP29139 Cortinarius mutabilis North America Canada British Columbia Port Renfrew GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157097 F15426 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157041 F15805 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157078 F15827 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157074 F15892 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157072 F15914 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157075 F15962 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157077 F15979 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157076 F16022 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ157073 F16112 Cortinarius

vanduzerensis

complex

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ039623 F16402 PK5331 Cortinarius vanduzerensis North America Canada British Columbia

#1 Mt. Elphinstone

Provincial Park, Roberts

Creek

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ039624 F16403 PK5336 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Mt. Elphinstone Provincial

Park #1, Roberts Creek

under conifers in duff GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ039625 F16404 PK5333 Cortinarius vanduzerensis? North America Canada British Columbia

Mt. Elphinstone Provincial

Park #1, Roberts Creek

Gregarious, 2-5

fruiting bodies in

litter & humus under

Pseudotsuga, Tsuga

and Thuja in rocky

area c wet seepage

GenBank basidiocarp

106

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

below surface.

Cortinarius BSG 136 FJ717562 F17103 VMS28 Cortinarius vanduzerensis North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Rim National Park,

Tofino, Old Growth Trail

conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 EF420147 JFA 11904 Cortinarius costaricensis North America Costa Rica

under Quercus sp.

Including Q. oocarpa

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 136 EU525976 OSC 1064174 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 EU597081 UBCOGTR0434s Cortinarius vanduzerensis North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 AF182795 JFA11591 Cortinarius mucifluus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 AF182792 JFA11852 Cortinarius pseudosalor North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 AF182793 MTS4166 Cortinarius vanduzerensis North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 136 AF182794 MTS4243 Cortinarius vanduzerensis North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 137 AF325565 IB 19960258 Cortinarius lividoochrascens Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 137 DQ295122 IB19960258 Cortinarius lividoochrascens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 137 AF325564 Trappe7962 Thaxterogaster paveleckii North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 138 AY669607 PERTH 04259629 Cortinarius basipurpureus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 139 AY669625 CO1018 Cuphocybe sp. / aff. Anuensis New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 139 AY669629 CO1334 Cuphocybe sp. / gymnocephalus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634103 RT12-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634104 RT16-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634105 RT17-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

107

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Number

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Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634106 RT22-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634107 RT29-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 139 EF634108 RT39-3

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 140 EF634109 RT35-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 AY669651 HO A20518A6 Cortinarius cystidiocatenatus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634096 RT2-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634097 RT8-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634098 RT11-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634099 RT12-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634100 RT13-3

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634101 RT25-2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 141 EF634102 RT35-1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

New Zealand New Zealand Nothofagus menziesii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 142 AY669589 TUB 011587 Cortinarius stillatitius Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 142 AM113951 Cortinarius livido-ochraceus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Hareskov GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 143 AF325576 HNBO36 Thaxterogaster porphyreum New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

108

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Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 143 AF325577 NZ8468 Thaxterogaster porphyreum New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 144 AF325566 Trappe18111 Quadrispora oblongispora Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 144 AF325567 Trappe20012 Quadrispora sp. Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 145 AF325568 Trappe18276 Thaxterogaster redactus Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 146 AF389124 NZ847 Cortinarius magellanicus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 146 AF389123 NZ8644 Cortinarius cycneus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 147 AF325569 Trappe20116 Thaxterogaster piriforme Australia Australia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 148 EU821672 DAVFP28819 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 148 EU821651 DAVFP28822 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 148 FJ157038 F16068 Cortinarius vibratilis complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 148 AF476988 273_Ny1.O-37.1

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 148 DQ481959 SWUBC103

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 148 DQ481961 SWUBC444

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 148 DQ481962 SWUBC108

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 148 DQ481964 SWUBC99

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 149 EU821674 DAVFP28817 Cortinarius vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ157102 F15418 Cortinarius vibratilis group North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ157101 F15460 Cortinarius vibratilis group North America GenBank basidiocarp

109

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 149 EF530945 F16243 Cortinarius cf. vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ039664 F16443 PK5272 Cortinarius vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia

Rhododendron Flats,

Manning Park

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ717508 F17058 EH 35 Cortinarius cf. vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Spirit Park, South

of Camosun Bog,

Vancouver

2nd growth hemlock

forest/ in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ717509 F17061 EH 38 Cortinarius cf. vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Spirit Park, South

of Camosun Bog,

Vancouver

2nd growth hemlock

forest/ in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 EU525978 OSC 1064189 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ717507 SAT00-285-09 Cortinarius vibratilis North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 149 FJ157135 SMI22 Cortinarius vibratilis group North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Scattered in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss mature

forest (ICHm2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 150 AF325610 Horak NZ8635 Cortinarius dulciolens New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 150 AY033113 KSCO1017 Cortinarius dulciolens New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 151 AY669606 TUB 011923 Protoglossum luteum Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 151 AF325612 Trappe 18831 Protoglossum luteum Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 152 AF325613 Beever996 Protoglossum sp. New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 FJ157018 F15579 Cortinarius caperatus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 FJ157019 F15841 Cortinarius caperatus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 FJ157020 F16119 Cortinarius caperatus North America GenBank basidiocarp

110

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Group

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Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 153 FJ157022 F16180 Cortinarius caperatus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 AY669577 HKAS 26154 Cortinarius similis Asia China GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 AY669576 HKAS 365-41 Cortinarius emodensis Asia China GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 AF325614 IB 19990888 Cortinarius caperatus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 TRTC157318 QC0112 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 AY669575 TUB 011913 Cortinarius caperatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 AJ238033 M8 Cortinarius caperatus Europe Norway Buskerud GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_199 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_232 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_233 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_57 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_83 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 QC0746 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 DQ367911 OUC99187 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 153 ALG07_168 Cortinarius caperatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 154 AY669627 CO1335 Cortinarius elaiochrous New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 154 AY033099 NZ8701 Cortinarius elaiochrous New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 154 AY033100 KSCO1019 Cortinarius elaiochrous New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 155 AY033101 NZ1913 Cortinarius meleagris New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 155 AY033102 NZ803 Cortinarius meleagris New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

111

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 156 AY033098 KSCO808 Cortinarius alboroseus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 156 AY033097 NZ8672 Cortinarius alboroseus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039606 F16385 PK4744 Cortinarius ceraceus North America Canada British Columbia

Swan Bay, Barnaby

Island, Queen Charlotte

Islands

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039607 F16386 PK4874 Cortinarius ceraceus North America Canada British Columbia Windy Bay, Lyell Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039608 F16387 PK4537 Cortinarius ceraceus North America Canada British Columbia Ellen Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039692 F16471 PK4936 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada British Columbia Huxley Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039693 F16472 PK4637 Cortinarius ceraceus North America Canada British Columbia

Quadra Point, Rose Inlet,

Moresby Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039694 F16473 PK4571 Cortinarius ceraceus North America Canada British Columbia

Raspberry Cove, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039695 F16474 PK4560 Cortinarius laetus North America Canada British Columbia

Raspberry Cove, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ039696 F16475 PK2878 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia Ellen Island

on dark muck,

humus covered in

mosses.

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 AF325578 IB 19980137 Cortinarius acutus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 EU819467 JMP0025 Cortinarius sp. Tjv4 North America USA Wisconsin

Castanea dentata

dominated

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 AY669656 TUB 011906 Cortinarius incisus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 157 DQ054576 F1-90 Cortinarius uncultured fungus Europe Italy GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 157 FJ152507 SLUBC19

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 FJ157003 F16237 Cortinarius acutus North America GenBank basidiocarp

112

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 158 AF476989 275_Ny1.O-37.3

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 AY097035 OTU1

Uncultured cf.

Dermocybe

Europe Sweden Västerbotten

Vindeln, Svartberget

Forest Research station

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 158 EU597036 UBCOGTR143

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 DQ481955 SWUBC492

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 DQ481958 SWUBC490

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 DQ481960 SWUBC132

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 DQ481963 SWUBC140

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 DQ481965 SWUBC489

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 FJ152504 SLUBC17

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 158 FJ152505 SLUBC18

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 159 EU057096 ECUBC15

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 159 FJ152502 SLUBC15

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 159 FJ152503 SLUBC16

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 160 FJ152506 SLUBC14

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

113

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 160 EU292514 IH_Tag102_2867 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 161 FJ157001 F15818 Cortinarius acutus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 FJ039609 F16388 SMI 314 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 FJ717496 F17093 VMS17 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Sumallo Grove

hemlock and douglas

fir

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 AY083175 IB19930722 Cortinarius acutovelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 AY083174 IB19980108 Cortinarius acutovelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 TRTC155872 TM02_229 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 TRTC155899 TM02_256 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 TRTC155984 TM02_341 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 TRTC155992 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 AY669655 TUB 011513 Cortinarius acutovelatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 ALG06_2 Cortinarius acutovelatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 161 FJ717495 SAT05-303-10 Cortinarius acutus North America USA Oregon Oswald West State Park

Picea sitchensis,

Tsuga heterophylla,

Thuja plicata, Alnus

rubra, Acer

macrophyllum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 162 FJ157002 F16038 Cortinarius acutus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 163 EU645624 KKS2RO12

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 164 AY097036 OTU2

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Sweden Västerbotten

Vindeln, Svartberget

Forest Research station

GenBank soil

114

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 165 AY083187 IB19990302 Cortinarius conopileus Asia India Kerala

Wayanad District,

Ponkuzhy

under Hopea spp.

(Dipterocarpaceae),

Calophyllum sp.

(Clusiaceae),

Meiogyne sp.

(Annonaceae) and

Cansjera rheedii

(Opiliaceae)

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 166 AF325581 IB 19950138 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 EF420146 JFA 12053 Cortinarius sericeolazulinus North America Costa Rica

with Quercus

corrugata, Q.

costaricensis, Q.

seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

rapurahuensis, in soil

and litter or on

mossy banks

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 166 AY669645 TUB 011883 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 AJ889941 MC01-552 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Maglebjerg Beech GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 AJ889939 KF01-54 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Bromme Plantage GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 AJ889940 MC01-533 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 AJ236071 KH21 Cortinarius anomalus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 166 AM161514 ano-8.19.8-807

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov Fagus sylvatica GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 166 EU816625 M35

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Thüringen Nationalpark Hainich GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 167 AY669637 HO A20430A6 Cortinarius schlerophyllarum Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ039656 F16435 SMIA26 Cortinarius ochrophyllus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ039657 F16436 SMIA27 Cortinarius percomis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

115

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 168 EU652358 OSC 114597 p529i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 168 EU837212 OSC 115129 Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 168 EU669316 OSC 115130 isolate p538i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 168 EU837214 OSC 115133 Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 168 DQ974719 src174 Cortinarius sp. North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 AY669646 TUB 011884 Cortinarius caninus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ157009 MN Cortinarius anomalus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ717554 JFA13140 Cortinarius barlowensis North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ717517

JMB10-20-2007-

15

Cortinarius caesiifolius North America USA Washington Twanoh State Park

Pseudotsuga

menziesii, Tsuga

heterophylla

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 ALG06_68 Cortinarius caninus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 CCU56024 JFA10349 Cortinarius caninus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 FJ157104 SMI159 Cortinarius caninus group North America Canada British Columbia Salmon River, Hazelton

Scattered in hemlock

forests

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 168 EU313201 Cortinarius caninus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 169 FJ039658 F16437 SMI A46 Cortinarius cf. anomalus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 169 EU652360 OSC 109672 p533i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 169 EU837213 OSC 114595 Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

116

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 169 EU669315 OSC 114858 isolate p537i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 169 EU652359 OSC 115143 p530i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 169 EU697264 OSC 59801 isolate p561i Cortinarius magnivelatus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 169 FJ157121 SMI14 Cortinarius anomalus group North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss, old

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 169 FJ157134 SMI16 Cortinarius cf_barlowensis North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Scattered in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss mature

forest (ICHm2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 170 TRTC157681 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 171 DQ097877 OUC97234 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 171 DQ093855 OUC97199 Cortinarius spilomeus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 172 EU821675 DAVFP27503 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia Pebble Creek, Riondel GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 172 QC0782 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 172 QC0785 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 173 TRTC155881 TM02_238 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 173 dfmo4734 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 173 dfmo4763 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 173 DQ377379 JLP2431

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157012 F15803 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

117

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157008 F15975 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157007 F16008 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157006 F16048 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157010 F16129 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ157011 F16152 Cortinarius anomalus complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039650 F16429 PK3036 Cortinarius cf. azureus North America Canada British Columbia

Sunday Inlet, Queen

Charlotte Islands

alpine GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039651 F16430 PK4960 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia Huxley Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039652 F16431 PK4495 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia

Kendrick Point, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039653 F16432 PK4964 Cortinarius serratissimus North America Canada British Columbia Huxley Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039654 F16433 PK4532 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia Ellen Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039655 F16434 PK4741 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia

Swan Bay, Barnaby

Island, Queen Charlotte

Islands

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ039699 F16478 PK3018 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia

Newberry Cove, Queen

Charlotte Islands

Old growth Picea,

Tsuga

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ717605 JFA13109 Cortinarius anomalus North America USA Washington Barclay Lake Trail

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ717604 JFA13110 Cortinarius anomalus North America USA Washington Barclay Lake Trail

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 174 EU597037 UBCOGTR285

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481680 SWUBC892

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

118

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481696 SWUBC264

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481707 SWUBC328

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481720 SWUBC901

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481745 SWUBC894

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481750 SWUBC93

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481760 SWUBC262

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481767 SWUBC68

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481771 SWUBC718

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481776 SWUBC327

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481781 SWUBC266

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481782 SWUBC893

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481787 SWUBC732

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481793 SWUBC270

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481807 SWUBC726

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

119

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481813 SWUBC905

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481820 SWUBC81

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 DQ481832 SWUBC265

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 EU057090 ECUBC10

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 174 FJ152499 SLUBC25

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 175 EU057094 ECUBC11

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 176 DQ481681 SWUBC591

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 177 AY669648 TUB 011917 Cortinarius tristis South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 FJ157031 F15834 Cortinarius cotoneus? North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 FJ039586 F16365 SMI A38 Cortinarius

clandestinus sensu C.

cotoneus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 AF389167 IB19970371 Cortinarius venetus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 AF389166 MTS4789 Cortinarius flavifolius North America USA Vermont GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 EF600897 TUB 011645 Cortinarius

venetus var.

montanus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 178 DQ365640 SD-115.1 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 179 EU821684 DAVFP26046 Cortinarius gentilis North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 EU821688 DAVFP26051 Cortinarius section Leprocybe North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

120

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

(sensuMoser)

Cortinarius BSG 179 EU821660 DAVFP28815 Cortinarius cf. castaneus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 EU821661 DAVFP28823 Cortinarius cotoneus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157027 F14964 Cortinarius clandestinus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157026 F15070 Cortinarius clandestinus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157032 F15814 Cortinarius clandestinus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157030 F15815 Cortinarius clandestinus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157033 F15823 Cortinarius clandestinus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ039582 F16361 OC6 Cortinarius clandestinus North America Canada British Columbia East Sooke Park, Sooke

mixed forest (doug

fir, pinus contorta,

Tsuga heterophylla),

in duff, only one,

broken and eaten by

slugs

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ039583 F16362 SMI 200A Cortinarius clandestinus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ717561 F17052 EH29 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 EU525966 OSC 1064100 Cortinarius cotoneus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ157136 SMI24 Cortinarius clandestinus North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, pine-

feathermoss; 17 yrs

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ717552 SAT03-137-02 Cortinarius clandestinus North America USA Washington Circle 8 Ranch, Cle Elum mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 FJ717551 JMB165 Cortinarius clandestinus North America USA Washington

Mason Lake Trail,

Snoqualmie Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 179 DQ365639 SD-113.6 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon HJ Andrews Experimental Pseudotsuga GenBank root-tip

121

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Forest menziesii

Cortinarius BSG 180 AF389168 IB19860257 Cortinarius cotoneus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 180 AY669597 TUB 011826 Cortinarius cotoneus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 181 EF420140 JFA 11940 Cortinarius aureopigmentatus North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 181 dfmo0668 Cortinarius sp. C North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest

Dry Mesic Oak

Hickory (Clay soil)

Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 182 FJ039584 F16363 OC1 Cortinarius subannulatus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

mixed forest

(hemlock and

arbutus), in duff,

group of about 7 fruit

bodies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 182 FJ039585 F16364 OC22 Cortinarius subannulatus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer

macrophyllum), on

moist soil, arbutus

litter

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 FJ157016 F14975 Cortinarius causticus? North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 FJ157098 F16046 Cortinarius vibratilis group North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 AF325584 IB 19970078 Cortinarius vibratilis North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 AJ238032 M4 Cortinarius vibratilis Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 FJ157133 SMI49 Cortinarius muscigenus North America Canada British Columbia Bretson Creek, Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, Pine-

feathermoss; 55 yr

old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 183 QC08106 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 EU821695 DAVFP26186 Cortinarius vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

122

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 184 EU821696 DAVFP26240 Cortinarius vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 EU821694 DAVFP26530 Cortinarius vibratilis North America Canada British Columbia Valemount GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 FJ157037 F15832 Cortinarius vibratilis complex North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 FJ039636 F16415 SMI 237 Cortinarius causticus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 AF389142 IB19971044 Cortinarius pluvius North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 DQ097879 OUC99252 Cortinarius crystallinus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 184 EU057093 ECUBC7

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 184 FJ717578

SLB2003-10-12-

09

Cortinarius vibratilis North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss, litter, Picea

sitchensis,Tsuga

heterophylla, Thuja

plicata, Gaultheria

shallon

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 185 FJ039629 F16408 PK5353 Cortinarius

sp. Myxacium cf.

Ocholeuci

North America Canada British Columbia

Mt. Elphinstone Provincial

Park #1, Roberts Creek

in twiggy duff GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 186 AF389143 IB19930275 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 186 AY669590 TUB 011833 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 187 AF389139 IB19970218 Cortinarius fulvo-ochrascens North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 187 TRTC157348 QC0841 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 FJ717520 F17091 VMS15 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Manning Provincial Park GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AF325575 IB 19990627 Cortinarius favrei Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295075 IB19660136 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295074 IB19670047 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

123

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295105 IB19700135a Cortinarius fennoscandicus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295082 IB19800187 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295071 IB19830338 Cortinarius favrei f. pallidus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295099 IB19830352 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295078 IB19840090 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295106 IB19840141 Cortinarius fennoscandicus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295096 IB19870294 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295113 IB19870527 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295079 IB19880054 Cortinarius favrei f. pallidus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295072 IB19910286 Cortinarius favrei f. pallidus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295073 IB19910293 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295080 IB19910314 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295097 IB19920119 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295110 IB19920268 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295104 IB19950027 Cortinarius septentrionalis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295076 IB19950101 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295108 IB19971020 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295107 IB19980275 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295087 IB19990627 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295109 IB19990645 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

124

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295098 IB20000033 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295103 IB20000048 Cortinarius septentrionalis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295081 IB20000066 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295115 IB20010101 Cortinarius mucosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295111 IB20010726 Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295095 isolate Ca07 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295085 isolate Cf07 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295088

isolate

USA_1_ZT15HV1

4

Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295089

isolate

USA_2_IS10

Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295086

isolate

USA_3_9E 18S

Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295091

isolate

USA_ZT_8092

Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295090

isolate

USA_ZT_8160

Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295094 isolate ZT9533 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295092 isolate ZT9726 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295093 isolate ZT9727 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295077 isolate ZT9765 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ974720 src611 Cortinarius cf. trivialis North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

125

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295083 Trimbach 1473 Cortinarius favrei GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AY669593 TUB 011839 Cortinarius trivialis Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295100 USA_ZT_7492 Cortinarius absarokensis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AJ236066 KH6 Cortinarius trivialis Europe Norway Oppland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AJ296300 MA-Fungi41428 Cortinarius trivialis Europe Spain Guadalajara GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AF182797 JFA9992 Cortinarius absarokensis North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ367896 OUC99366 Cortinarius collinitus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AF182798 MTS4116 Cortinarius favrei North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 dfmo0944 Cortinarius trivialis North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Mixed Hardwood Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AF182796 MTS3699 Cortinarius trivialis North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 AF182799 MTS3702 Cortinarius vernicosus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 FJ157110 SMI48 Cortinarius vibratilis group North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary to gregarious

in Interior Cedar

Hemlock forest

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 188 DQ295112

Antonini2001111

301

Cortinarius trivialis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ157063 F15101 Thaxterogaster pingue North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ157029 F15800 Cortinarius collinitus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039576 F16355 PK4481 Cortinarius stillatitius North America Canada British Columbia

Kendrick Point, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039577 F16356 PK5341 Cortinarius sp. Myxacium North America Canada British Columbia

#2, Mt. Elphinstone

Provincial Park, Roberts

Gregarious in old

growth Pseudotsuga

GenBank basidiocarp

126

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Creek area

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039578 F16357 SMI250 Cortinarius muscigenus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039581 F16360 SMI 264 Cortinarius mucosus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF325570 IB 19760501 Thaxterogaster pingue North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF325574 IB 19910694 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF325571 IB 19951102 Thaxterogaster pingue North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF325573 IB 19960061 Cortinarius collinitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295119 IB19760501 Cortinarius pingue GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295116 IB19890443 Cortinarius muscigenus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY083181 IB19890462 Cortinarius collinitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295114 IB19910694 Cortinarius mucosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY083185 IB19940186 Cortinarius muscigenus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY033096 IB19940257 Cortinarius collinitus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295117 IB19940257 Cortinarius collinitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295120 IB19951102 Cortinarius pingue GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ295118 IB19960061 Cortinarius collinitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU525959 OSC 1064078 Cortinarius cf. multiformis North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 TRTC157317 QC0810 Cortinarius collinitus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY669588 TUB 011832 Cortinarius collinitus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY669591 TUB 011837 Cortinarius mucosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

127

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 189 AY097037 OTU3

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Sweden Västerbotten

Vindeln, Svartberget

Forest Research station

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039579 Sporo1 Thaxtergaster cf. pingue North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 QC08105 Cortinarius collinitus North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 QC0718 Cortinarius collinitus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU222975 MR24 Fungal sp. North America USA Alaska Delta Junction

Picea mariana

dominated

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 189 QC08101 Cortinarius mucosus North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo0021 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo0036 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo0336 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1815 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1816 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1818 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1819 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1820 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1821 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1822 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1825 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1826 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1829 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

128

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1830 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1832 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1834 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1835 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1836 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1837 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1839 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1840 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1841 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1842 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1843 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1844 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo1847 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo4503 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 dfmo4727 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF182801 MTS4209 Cortinarius mucosus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ157130 SMI36 Cortinarius muscigenus North America Canada British Columbia Cranberry, Kitwanga

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ717533 SAT00-296-61 Cortinarius muscigenus North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF182800 MTS4162 Cortinarius muscigenus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

129

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ039580 HBM53 Thaxtergaster pingue North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 FJ157128 SMI46 Cortinarius renidens North America Canada British Columbia Kispiox Valley, Hazelton GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 AF325572 Trappe17869 Thaxterogaster sp. North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 189 EF619680 6S1.05.F04

Uncultured

Cortinarius

North America USA North Carolina Orange County

collected from Pinus

taeda dominant

forest

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 DQ377377 JLP2634

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292222 IH_Tag064_0154 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292277 IH_Tag064_2912 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292290 IH_Tag064_3306 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292300 IH_Tag064_3774 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292301 IH_Tag064_3797 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292311 IH_Tag064_4101 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

130

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Number

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Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292486 IH_Tag102_1915 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292488 IH_Tag102_2031 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292518 IH_Tag102_2988 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292534 IH_Tag102_3457 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292593 IH_Tag126_1154 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292596 IH_Tag126_1333 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 189 EU292626 IH_Tag126_2461 uncultured fungus North America USA Alaska

Bonanza Creek

Experimental Forest, Estle

Connector trail, UAF

campus

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663222 AB97-10-329 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Ain Abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663221 AB99-11-326 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663225 CFP1022 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe Sweden Gotland Picea (and Pinus) GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663223 CFP1279 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe Italy Umbria GenBank basidiocarp

131

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 190 EU444542 EDM27 Cortinarius inochlorus Beech GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663218 PML3573 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Haute-Savoie Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663219 PML4382 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Isère Abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663220 PML63 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Haute-Savoie Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663216 TF2000-091 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Doubs Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663217 TF2002-051 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663224 TSJ2000-022 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe Sweden Gotland Pinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ663215 TSJ2002-027 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe Czech Republic Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 AY174834 TUB 011430 Cortinarius ionochlorus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 EU057011 TUB 011639 Cortinarius atrovirens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 EU057010 TUB 012716 Cortinarius ionochlorus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 AY174848 UL 96/81 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe Germany Locherdorf

Picea abies and Abies

alba

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 DQ083771 TF2000-096 Cortinarius atrovirens Europe France Jura GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 190 AF062619 GK 2588 Cortinarius atrovirens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 DQ663360 AB98-10-307 Cortinarius odoratus Europe France Isère

Q. pubescens,

Carpinus, Buxus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 FJ039648 F16427 SMI 312 Cortinarius cf. allutus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 EU057015 JFA 10070 Cortinarius

albobrunnoides var.

violaceovelatus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 EU057016 JFA 11723 Cortinarius

subpurpureophyllus

var. sulphureovelatus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 EU057017 JFA 11826 Cortinarius flavobulbus GenBank basidiocarp

132

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 191 EU057069 S: F44393 Cortinarius napus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 DQ663358 TF2000-057 Cortinarius odoratus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 DQ663359 TF2002-024 Cortinarius odoratus Europe Czech Republic Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 DQ663341 TSJ2001-003 Cortinarius napus Europe Norway Sør-Trøndelag Trondheim

Picea, Pinus and

Betula

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 DQ663340 TSJ2004-009 Cortinarius meinhardii Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 AY174839 TUB 011390 Cortinarius meinhardii Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 AY174836 TUB 011438 Cortinarius odoratus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 AY174840 TUB 011443 Cortinarius meinhardii Europe Germany Birresborn Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 EU057067 TUB 012717 Cortinarius napus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 191 AJ236067 KH3 Cortinarius napus Europe Norway Oppland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 AF503545 IB20010172 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 AF503543 IB20010175 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 AF503544 IB20010175a Cortinarius aureocalceolatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 DQ663226 TSJ2003-011 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 DQ663227 TT97-039 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 EU057013 TUB 011640 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 AY669569 TUB 011842 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 192 EU057014 TUB 012685 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 193 EU057007 JFA 11817 Cortinarius viridirubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 193 EU057009 JFA 11876 Cortinarius viridirubescens GenBank basidiocarp

133

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Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 193 EU057008 JFA 11895 Cortinarius viridirubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 AF503541 IB19900194 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 AF503540 IB19970223 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 EU057019 JFA 12724 Cortinarius aurora GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 EU057018 JFA 9938 Cortinarius aurora GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 DQ663231 TF2004-066 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 DQ663230 TSJ2003-006 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 194 AY669568 TUB 011843 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663380 CFP508 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferarum/ piceae

Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea and Pinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663309 CFP893 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus Europe France Doubs

Carpinus, Fagus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp isotype

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663422 CFP905 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Germany Bayern GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 FJ039639 F16418 SMI 301 Cortinarius calochrous North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 FJ039640 F16419 SMI A06 Cortinarius humolens North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663379 GC01187 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferarum/ piceae

Europe Italy Trentino-Alto Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ323973 IB19940438 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 195 AF389141 IB20000136 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056962 JFA 11646 Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056964 JFA 11847 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056976 OSC-81327 Cortinarius magnivelatus GenBank basidiocarp

134

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663424 PML2699 Cortinarius

sodagnitus var.

mediocris

Europe France Drôme

Deciduous and

coniferous forest

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663425 TEB594-04 Cortinarius spectabilis/ sp.9 Europe Norway Oppland Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663426 TEB595-04 Cortinarius spectabilis/ sp.9 Europe Norway Oppland Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663284 TF2000-108 Cortinarius dalecarlicus Europe Italy Sudtirol Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663378 TF2004-026 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferarum/ piceae

Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663421 TSJ2000-097 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Germany Bayern Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663420 TSJ2002-036 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Czech Republic Quercus and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ663423 TSJ2002-063 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe France Provence Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 AY174842 TUB 011385 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferarum

Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 AY174829 TUB 011428 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 AY174828 TUB 011434 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus Europe Germany Oos Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056956 TUB 012691 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferarum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056958 TUB 012713 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU057076 TUB 012725 Cortinarius sodagnitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 EU056970 TUB 012740 Cortinarius sodagnitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ083773 TSJ2000-069 Cortinarius barbarorum Europe Italy Kaltern GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ083785 TF2001-045 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 DQ083812 TF2001-094 Cortinarius sodagnitus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Møn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 AF325617 Trappe 4618 Cortinarius bigelowii North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

135

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 195 FJ157118 SMI20-2 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

coniferacium

North America Canada British Columbia Kispiox Valley, Hazelton

Scattered through

hemlock stands

(ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 195 AF325615 Trappe 20666 Cortinarius magnivelatus North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ663445 DB1362 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe Hungary

Quercus, Carpinus

and Tilia

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 FJ039638 F16417 SMI243 Cortinarius sodagnitus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 AF503550 IB19950361 Cortinarius olympianus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 EU525956 OSC 1064069 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 EU525939 OSC 1064073 Cortinarius cf. alboviolaceus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 EU525960 OSC 1064079 Cortinarius cf. alboviolaceus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ663444 PML4816 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe France Dordogne Carpinus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ663442 TF2004-101 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ663446 TSJ2003-101 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex and Cistus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ663443 TSJ2004-064 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 196 DQ350842 TT97-009 Cortinarius vesterholtii Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 196 FJ717510 SAT00-312-38 Cortinarius olympianus North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ663435 AB91-11-338 Cortinarius sublilacinopes Europe France Drôme Fagus and Conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 EU057054

Arangu-Cort-

02/30

Cortinarius parasuaveolens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ663267 GC96216 Cortinarius chailluzii Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna Q. cerris and Q. GenBank basidiocarp

136

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

pubescens

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ663436 PML5215 Cortinarius arquatus f. plorans Europe France Ain

Carpinus and

Conifers

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ663433 TSJ2000-023 Cortinarius subgracilis Europe Sweden Gotland Picea (mixed) GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ663434 TSJ2002-043 Cortinarius sublilacinopes Europe Czech Republic

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 EU056988 TUB 012697 Cortinarius sublilacinopes GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ323962 TSJ2000-085 Cortinarius chailluzii Europe France Doubs

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ323976 PML444 Cortinarius subgracilis Europe France Savoie Picea GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 197 DQ323977 PML4819 Cortinarius sublilacinopes Europe France Seine-Maritime deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057057

Arangu-Cort-

01102201

Cortinarius arquatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057053

Arangu-Cort-

03103102

Cortinarius barbarorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663234 CFP504 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

barbaricus/

barbaricus

Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea and Pinus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056978 F16320 Cortinarius

calochrous var.

barbaricus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 FJ039641 F16420 SMI251 Cortinarius pinetorum North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 FJ039642 F16421 SMI 281 Cortinarius caesiocanescens North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 AF325618 IB 19880210 Cortinarius corrosus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056977 JFA 11649 Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056981 JFA 11855 Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

137

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057059 JFA 11875 Cortinarius largentii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056980 JFA 12417 Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056979 JFA 9914 Cortinarius arquatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU669368 OSC 74303 isolatep565i Cortinarius verrucisporus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057043 OSC-51019 Cortinarius bigelowii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057045 OSC-69621 Cortinarius magnivelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057044 OSC-742248 Cortinarius magnivelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057042 OSC-74303 Cortinarius verrucisporus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663235 PML4801 Cortinarius barbarorum Europe France Isère Conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663236 PML5204 Cortinarius barbarorum Europe France Ain Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663237 TF2004-030 Cortinarius barbarorum Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663238 TF2004-107 Cortinarius barbarorum Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU837228 Trappe 9481 Cortinarius verrucisporus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ663281 TSJ2003-005 Cortinarius corrosus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 AY669562 TUB 011588 Cortinarius corrosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056975 TUB 012705 Cortinarius corrosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU056974 TUB 012706 Cortinarius corrosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 EU057075 TUB 012738 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ323959 PML228 (PC) Cortinarius barbarorum Europe France Haute-Savoie Picea GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 198 DQ323964 TSJ2000-020 Cortinarius corrosus Europe Sweden Gotland coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp

138

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 198 AF325616 Trappe20806 Cortinarius verrucisporus North America USA Idaho GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 EU057064

Arangu-Cort-

00/24

Cortinarius parasuaveolens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663373 GC02322 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Q. cerris and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663374 GC93269 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Fagus, Quercus,

Castanea, Pinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 AF503548 IB19740595 Cortinarius sodagnitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663370 JV01-517 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Denmark Quercus and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663371 PML4731 Cortinarius

violaceipes/

parasuaveolens

Europe France Vaucluse Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663324 PML5197 Cortinarius insignibulbus Europe France Ardennes Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663323 PML5238 Cortinarius

calochrous f.

violascens/

isignibulbus

Europe France Dordogne Carpinus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663375 TF2004-111 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663376 TF2004-112 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663377 TF2004-113 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663372 TSJ2002-103 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ663411 TSJ2005-121 Cortinarius sancti-felicis Europe France Hérault

Q. ilex and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 AY174818 TUB 011439 Cortinarius provencalis Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 EU057041 TUB 012727 Cortinarius provencalis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 EU057040 TUB 012728 Cortinarius provencalis GenBank basidiocarp

139

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 199 EU057039 TUB 012729 Cortinarius provencalis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ083776 TSJ2002-072 Cortinarius cf. calochrous Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ083788 TSJ2003-060 Cortinarius insignibulbus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ323967 Cortinarius insignibulbus Europe France Ain Carpinus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 199 DQ083804 TSJ2002-015 Cortinarius parasuaveolens Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU057070

Arangu-Cort-

02/31

Cortinarius frondosophilus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU057065

Arangu-Cort-

03102502

Cortinarius catharinae GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663254

CFP909_1 (pro

parte)

Cortinarius catharinae Europe Germany Bayern Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU821691 DAVFP26627 Cortinarius subarquatus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663262 GC02227 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663263 GC02371 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Italy Toscana Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 AF503549 IB19860230 Cortinarius caesiostramineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663241 IK971573 Cortinarius caesiocinctus Europe France Haute-Savoie

Pinus, Betula, Salix,

Populus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663240 JR27997 Cortinarius caesiocinctus Europe Finland Grass-herb forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU056969 KS-1278 Cortinarius spectabilis GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663260 PML4346 Cortinarius catharinae Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663257 PML4804 Cortinarius

pseudoparvus/

catharinae

Europe France Forêt de Justin deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663258 PML4820 Cortinarius

albolutescens /

catharinae

Carpinus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

140

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663261 PML5198 Cortinarius catharinae Europe France Ardennes Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663259 PML5234 Cortinarius pallens/ catharinae Europe France deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663239 Sa57-13 Cortinarius caesiocinctus Europe Finland Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663255 TF2001-123 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663253 TF2002-006 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Czech Republic Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663256 TF2003-302 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663264 TF2004-105 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ663419 TSJ1998-055 Cortinarius selandicus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU056966 TUB 011641 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU056967 TUB 011642 Cortinarius catharinae GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU057073 TUB 011644 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU056968 TUB 012689 Cortinarius catharinae GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 EU056965 TUB 012690 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ083767 TF2001-103 Cortinarius aff. calochrous Europe Denmark Sjaelland Møn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ083766 TF2001-049 Cortinarius aff. calochrous Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ323961 GC93280 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Fagus, Quercus,

Castanea, Pinus

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 200 DQ323978 TF2004-104 Cortinarius sp. Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 201 EU057055

Arangu-Cort-

03102503

Cortinarius platypus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663327 CFP909_2 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Germany Bayern Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

141

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663334 GC02266 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663330 PML1732 Cortinarius

paraplatypus/lilacino

velatus

Europe France Île-de-France Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663328 TF2001-080 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663335 TF2004-110 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Italy Sardinia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663331 TSJ2002-097 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663329 TSJ2004-010 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663332 TSJ2005-116 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ663333 TSJ2005-117 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 EU056961 TUB 012719 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 EU056959 TUB 012736 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 EU056960 TUB 012737 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ083791 TF2001-030 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ083792 TSJ1999-092 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 201 DQ323968 PML5241 (PC) Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Europe France

Meurthe-et-

Moselle

deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ663356 AB93-09-313 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe France Isère Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ663357 GC02344 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe Italy Toscana Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ663355 PML4845 Cortinarius albovestitus Europe France Isère

Carpinus and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ663354 PML5235 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe France Dordogne Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

142

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ663353 TSJ2002-017 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe Czech Republic

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 202 EU057077 TUB 012773 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 202 EU057074 TUB 012774 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ323970 PML1119(PC) Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe France Oise Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 202 DQ083801 TF2000-106 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens Europe Switzerland Neuchâtel GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU057056

Arangu-Cort-

03102002

Cortinarius rioussetorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU057058

Arangu-Cort-

03110802

Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663313 GC02265 Cortinarius haasii Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663314 GC96257 Cortinarius haasii Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Q. cerris and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ323966 IB19580089 Cortinarius haasii Europe Germany

Baden-

Württemberg

coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663310 PML4734 Cortinarius haasii Europe France Bouches-du-Rhône Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663312 PML4828 Cortinarius haasii Europe France Ain Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663311 PML65 Cortinarius haasii Europe France Haute-Savoie Picea GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663316 TF2001-191 Cortinarius haasii Europe Slovenia Abies and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663315 TSJ2000-025 Cortinarius haasii Europe Sweden Gotland Pinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663429 TSJ2002-074 Cortinarius splendidior Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ663428 TSJ2005-120 Cortinarius splendidior Europe Spain Catalunya

Q. ilex and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU056987 TUB 011638 Cortinarius albovestitus GenBank basidiocarp

143

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 203 AY669561 TUB 011858 Cortinarius haasii Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU056986 TUB 012714 Cortinarius haasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU056985 TUB 012715 Cortinarius haasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 EU057072 TUB 012776 Cortinarius rioussetorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 203 DQ323975 PML4733 Cortinarius splendidior Europe France Vaucluse Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ663348 CFP909_3 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe Germany Bayern Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ663351 GC00209 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe Italy Toscana Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ663350 PML4831 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe France Dordogne Carpinus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ663349 TSJ2000-088 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe France Doubs

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ663352 TSJ2005-024 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe Sweden Bohuslän Quercus and Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 AY669566 TUB 011866 Cortinarius nymphicolor Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 EU056963 TUB 012718 Cortinarius nymphicolor GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ083795 TSJ2000-086 Cortinarius molochinus Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ083796 TSJ2002-026 Cortinarius molochinus Europe Switzerland Neuchâtel GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ323969 PML3676 (PC) Cortinarius

molochinus/

nymphicolor

Europe France Isère deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 204 DQ323974 TSJ2002-061 Cortinarius sp. 8 Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 DQ663282 AB98-10-376 Cortinarius cupreorufus Europe France Isère Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU057028

Ben Woo 5-31-

04-1

Cortinarius saxamontanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 FJ039645 F16424 SMIA02 Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

144

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 205 FJ717580 F17092 VMS 16 Cortinarius cupreorufus North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Monument Trail

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU057026 MTS-97-166-11 Cortinarius saxamontanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU669367 OSC 115194 isolatep564i Cortinarius verrucisporus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU057027 OSC-4444 Cortinarius saxamontanus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 DQ663283 TF2004-064 Cortinarius cupreorufus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 DQ663325 TSJ2003-058 Cortinarius langeorum Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 DQ663326 TSJ2003-093 Cortinarius langeorum Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 AY174831 TUB 011418 Cortinarius cupreorufus Europe Austria Tyrol Tannheim Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU056992 TUB 012707 Cortinarius cupreorufus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 205 EU056996 TUB 012711 Cortinarius langeorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 206 DQ663463 AB99-10-197 Cortinarius sp. 4 Europe France Isère Abies and Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 207 EU057031 JFA 11849 Cortinarius odorifer GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 208 FJ717511 F17089 VMS13 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under spruce GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 208 EU057024 JFA 11701 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 209 EU057046 JFA 11836 Cortinarius flavobulbus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 210 DQ996975 TEB559-04 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 210 DQ663469 TSJ2005-026 Cortinarius osloensis Europe Norway Oslo Tilia cordata GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 210 DQ663470 TSJ2005-027 Cortinarius osloensis Europe Norway Oslo Tilia cordata GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663388 GC02228 Cortinarius platypus "b" Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna Lucertara Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

145

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 211 AF503546 IB19940424 Cortinarius sodagnitus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663384 PML4832 Cortinarius platypus Europe France Ain Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663385 R. Henry 90/24 Cortinarius

pseudosodagnitus/

platypus

Europe France

Fagus, Carpinus,

Quercus, Betula,

Picea

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663381 TF2000-010 Cortinarius platypus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663382 TSJ1999-084 Cortinarius platypus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663387 TSJ2003-072 Cortinarius platypus Europe Sweden Skåne Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663383 TSJ2004-072 Cortinarius platypus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ663386 TSJ2005-069 Cortinarius platypus Europe France Provence Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 EU056972 TUB 012733 Cortinarius platypus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 EU056971 TUB 012734 Cortinarius platypus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 EU056973 TUB 012735 Cortinarius platypus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ083778 TF2001-124 Cortinarius cf. parvus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 211 DQ323965 PML4817 (PC) Cortinarius

frondosophilus/platyp

us "b"

Europe France Ain

Carpinus, Fagus and

Q. pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 212 EU057066

Arangu-Cort-

03101301

Cortinarius citrinolilacinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663249 GC99130 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Italy Abruzzo Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 AF325619 IB 19960143 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 EU056982 JA 11850 Cortinarius roseobulbus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 EU057062 JFA 11838 Cortinarius roseobulbus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 EU056984 JFA 11854 Cortinarius calochrous GenBank basidiocarp

146

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663246 PML4818 Cortinarius

aureoluteus/

calochrous

Europe Switzerland Bonfol Picea GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663247 PML5035 Cortinarius calochrous Europe France Île-de-France deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663248 PML5240 Cortinarius calochrous Europe France Isère

Quercus and

Carpinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663242 TF2001-048 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Finland Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663250 TF2001-113 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Sweden Skåne Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663243 TF2001-155 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Finland Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663244 TF2003-301 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Finland Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663245 TSJ2003-014 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Finland Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ663464 TSJ2005-152 Cortinarius sp. 5 Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 AY174838 TUB 011398 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 AY174830 TUB 011442 Cortinarius citrinolilacinus Europe Germany Kall Urft Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 EU056983 TUB 011643 Cortinarius citrinolilacinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 212 DQ323960 TSJ2000-068 Cortinarius calochrous Europe Italy Sudtirol Fagus and Quercus? GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 213 DQ663467 GC02321 Cortinarius sp. 7 Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Q. pubescens and Q.

cerris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 213 DQ663466 TSJ2002-024 Cortinarius sp. 7 Europe Czech Republic

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 213 DQ663465 TSJ2005-129 Cortinarius sp. 7 Europe Spain

Q. ilex and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 DQ663389 AB97-11-493 Cortinarius prasinus Europe France Ain Fagus and Buxus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 DQ663390 PML730 Cortinarius prasinus Europe France Haute-Savoie Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

147

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 214 DQ663391 R. Henry 90/159 Cortinarius prasinus Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 DQ663393 TF2004-031 Cortinarius prasinus Europe Sweden Västergötland Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 AY174835 TUB 011431 Cortinarius prasinus Europe Germany Nohn

Fagus sylvatica and

Picea abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 AY174843 TUB 011446 Cortinarius prasinus Europe Germany Nohn

Fagus sylvatica and

Picea abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 EU057029 TUB 012726 Cortinarius prasinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 214 DQ083807 TSJ2002-034 Cortinarius prasinus Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 215 DQ663410 TSJ2004-044 Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Europe Sweden Västergötland Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 215 AY174845 TUB 011405 Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Europe Germany Nohn

Fagus sylvatica and

Quercus sp.

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 215 AY174849 TUB 011463 Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Europe Germany Buir Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 215 EU057030 TUB 012739 Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663437 CFP506 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea and Pinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663439 CFP783 Cortinarius

sulphurinus var.

fageticola

Europe Sweden Skåne Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 FJ157042 F14280 Cortinarius cf. guttatus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 AY228343 F14300 Cortinarius guttatus North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 FJ039646 F16425 SMI 292 Cortinarius guttatus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 FJ039647 F16426 SMI A31 Cortinarius guttatus/russeus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 AY900017 IB 20010723 Cortinarius claroflavus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 EU056994 JFA 12399 Cortinarius guttatus GenBank basidiocarp

148

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 216 EU056993 JFA 12412 Cortinarius guttatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 EU057063 JFA 9942 Cortinarius guttatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663438 TF2000-029 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Sweden Gotland coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663440 TF2001-115 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Sweden Degeberga Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663441 TF2004-063 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 DQ663462 TSJ2000-027 Cortinarius sp. 3 Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 AY669572 TUB 011908 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 216 EU056995 TUB 012743 Cortinarius sulphurinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 DQ663228 AB01-09-31 Cortinarius aureofulvus Europe France Savoie Conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 FJ039643 F16422 SMI A29 Cortinarius aureofulvus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 FJ039644 F16423 SMI A30 Cortinarius aureofulvus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 FJ717512 F17111 VMS 9 Cortinarius aureofulvus North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial

Park,Cambie Trail

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 EU057051 JFA 10065 Cortinarius aureofulvus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 EU057061 JFA 12428 Cortinarius aureofulvus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 DQ663229 TF2004-065 Cortinarius aureofulvus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 AY669571 TUB 011831 Cortinarius aureofulvus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 217 FJ157131 SMI20-1 Cortinarius aureofulvus North America Canada British Columbia Kispiox Valley, Hazelton

Scattered through

hemlock stands

(ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 DQ663394 AB01-09-91 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus Europe France Savoie Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 DQ663395 CFP503 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus Europe Sweden Västergötland Picea and Pinus GenBank basidiocarp

149

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 218 AF325621 IB 19890187 Cortinarius flavaurora North America USA GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056951 IB 1999/0192 Cortinarius elotus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056953 IB 2001/0090 Cortinarius elotus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056947 JFA 11618 Cortinarius corrosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056949 JFA 11619 Cortinarius corrugatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056946 JFA 9913 Cortinarius flavaurora GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056948 JFA 9983 Cortinarius elotoides GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 DQ663461 TSJ2002-039 Cortinarius sp. 2 Europe Czech Republic Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 AY669573 TUB 011872 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056950 TUB 012730 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 218 EU056952 TUB 012731 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663322 CFP1281 Cortinarius humolens Europe France Provence Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp isotype

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663321 DB05-10-05 Cortinarius humolens Europe France Provence Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663320 DB629 Cortinarius humolens Europe France Dordogne Notre Dame de Sanilhac Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663319 GE05043 Cortinarius humolens Europe Hungary Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663317 TSJ2002-052 Cortinarius humolens Europe Hungary Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ663318 TSJ2002-066 Cortinarius humolens Europe Hungary Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 AY174852 TUB 011427 Cortinarius claroflavus Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 EU056954 TUB 012722 Cortinarius olivellus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 219 EU056955 TUB 012723 Cortinarius olivellus GenBank basidiocarp

150

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 219 DQ083787 TF2002-009 Cortinarius humolens Europe Czech Republic Beroun Karl_tejn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 220 DQ663427 CFP903 Cortinarius splendens Europe France Doubs

Fagus, Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 220 AY174833 TUB 011411 Cortinarius splendens Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 220 AY174832 TUB 011432 Cortinarius splendens Europe Germany Eßlingen Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 220 EU057012 TUB 012741 Cortinarius splendens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 220 DQ083814 TF2001-122 Cortinarius splendens Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663305 AB00-09-124 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663303 AB98-09-169 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe France Ain Fagus and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663308 CFP375 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe Sweden Västergötland Tilia and Ulmus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663306 GC96199 Cortinarius

turbinoides/

flavovirens

Europe Italy Emilia-Romagna

Q. cerris and Q.

pubescens

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663304 PML1756 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ663307 TF2004-052 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe Sweden Västergötland Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 AY174841 TUB 011454 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe Germany Buir Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 EU057034 TUB 012712 Cortinarius flavovirens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 221 DQ083784 TSJ1999-076 Cortinarius flavovirens Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ663197 DB630 Cortinarius albertii Europe Hungary Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ663194 TSJ2002-060 Cortinarius albertii Europe France Provence Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ663195 TSJ2005-084 Cortinarius albertii Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. pubescens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ663198 TSJ2005-119 Cortinarius albertii Europe Spain Catalunya Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

151

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ663196 TSJ2005-135 Cortinarius albertii Europe France Roussillon Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 AY669560 TUB 011850 Cortinarius catharinae Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 EU056989 TUB 012696 Cortinarius aff. parvus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 222 DQ323958 TF2000-058 Cortinarius albertii Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 223 AY669563 TUB 01189 Cortinarius subarquatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663274 CFP510 Cortinarius cisticola Europe Sweden Västergötland Tilia and Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 EU056957 F36828 Cortinarius cisticola GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663272 GC97150 Cortinarius cisticola Europe Italy Toscana Q. ilex (and Cistus?) GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663271 PML4825 Cortinarius cisticola Europe France Île-de-France Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663269 TSJ2002-094 Cortinarius cisticola Europe France Hérault

Cistus, Q. ilex and Q.

coccifera

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663273 TSJ2003-051 Cortinarius cisticola Europe Sweden Öland

Helianthemum

nummularium

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663268 TSJ2004-087 Cortinarius cisticola Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ663270 TSJ2005-093 Cortinarius cisticola Europe France Hérault

Cistus sp. and Q.

coccifera

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 224 DQ323963 TSJ2002-081 Cortinarius cisticola Europe France Hérault

Cistus, Q. ilex and Q.

coccifera

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 225 DQ663338 AB97-10-353 Cortinarius luteolus Europe France Ain Conifers and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 DQ663336 CFP1105 Cortinarius luteolus Europe France Ain Picea and/or Abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 DQ663337 CFP884 Cortinarius luteolus Europe France Doubs Abies and Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 AF325620 IB 19920577 Cortinarius odorifer Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 DQ663339 TSJ1998-100 Cortinarius luteolus Europe France Jura Abies alba GenBank basidiocarp

152

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 225 AY174817 TUB 011383 Cortinarius odorifer Europe Germany Oberjoch Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 EU057052 TUB 012720 Cortinarius odorifer GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 225 DQ083802 TSJ2000-024 Cortinarius odorifer Europe Sweden Gotland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 226 AY900018 IB 19990380 Cortinarius halimiorum Europe Italy Sardinia Nuoro

Halimium

halimifolium

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 226 DQ663265 TF1999-080 Cortinarius cedretorum Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 226 DQ663266 TF2004-108 Cortinarius cedretorum Europe Italy Sardinia Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 226 AY669564 TUB 011851 Cortinarius cedretorum Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 226 EU057048 TUB 012698 Cortinarius

cedretorum var.

suberetorum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 226 DQ083783 TF2000-048 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663449 AB98-10-318 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe France Ain Carpinus and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 EU057068

Arangu-Cort-

03102901

Cortinarius olivascentium GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663453 DB1161 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe Hungary

Quercus and

Carpinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 EU057047 F44373 Cortinarius xanthochlorus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663451 GE03139 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe France Dordogne

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663447 JV01-523 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663450 PML4648 Cortinarius

magisporus/

xanthochlorus

Europe France Drôme

Deciduous and

coniferous forest

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663448 PML4931 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe France Haute-Savoie Abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ663452 TSJ1998-111 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe France Jura Tilia GenBank basidiocarp

153

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 227 EU057078 TUB 012775 Cortinarius olivascentium GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 227 DQ083819 TSJ2003-027 Cortinarius xanthochlorus Europe Sweden Öland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 228 EU057038 JFA 11767 Cortinarius cedretorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663417 AB05-10-103 Cortinarius rapaceoides/ sp. 12 Europe France Côte-d'Or Vernot Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663415 CFP881 Cortinarius saporatus Europe France Doubs Fagus and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663414 GE05029 Cortinarius saporatus Europe France Côte-d'Or Villecomte

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663412 IB19840312 Cortinarius saporatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663251 PML100 Cortinarius caroviolaceus Europe France Haute-Savoie mixed forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663252 PML745 Cortinarius caroviolaceus Europe France Haute-Savoie Quercus and Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ663413 TSJ2003-064 Cortinarius saporatus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 EU057049 TUB 012692 Cortinarius caroviolaceus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 AY174846 TUB 011410 Cortinarius multiformis Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 AY174844 TUB 011458 Cortinarius multiformis Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 AY669559 TUB 011849 Cortinarius caroviolaceus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 AY669570 TUB 011880 Cortinarius saporatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 EU056943 TUB 012693 Cortinarius caroviolaceus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 EU056945 TUB 012694 Cortinarius caroviolaceus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 EU056944 TUB 012695 Cortinarius caroviolaceus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 229 DQ083811 TF2001-087 Cortinarius saporatus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Møn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 230 DQ663407 DBTF406 Cortinarius rapaceotomentosus Europe Hungary Tilia and Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

154

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 230 EU057050 F41803 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 230 DQ663406 GE99715 Cortinarius rapaceotomentosus Europe France Seine-Maritime Quercus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 230 DQ663408 TSJ2004-040 Cortinarius rapaceotomentosus Europe Sweden Västergötland Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 DQ663368 TSJ2004-014 Cortinarius osmophorus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 DQ663369 TSJ2004-062 Cortinarius osmophorus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 AY174815 TUB 011399 Cortinarius osmophorus Europe Germany Loogh Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 AY174816 TUB 011445 Cortinarius osmophorus Europe Germany Loogh Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 EU056990 TUB 012724 Cortinarius osmophorus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 231 DQ323971 TF2001-121 Cortinarius osmophorus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 232 DQ974721 bg13d

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663279 PML204 Cortinarius pseudoprasinus Europe France Haute-Savoie Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663280 PML3559 Cortinarius citrinus Europe France Isère

Quercus and

Carpinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ974718 src28 Cortinarius sp. North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 EU057033 SRC-523 Cortinarius fulmineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 EU057032 SRC-608 Cortinarius fulmineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663278 TF1998-110 Cortinarius citrinus Europe France Doubs Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

155

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663275 TF2004-120 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663276 TSJ2004-076 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 DQ663277 TT1997-035 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 AY174821 TUB 011407 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Germany Gerolstein-Gees Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 AY174820 TUB 011449 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Germany Thuringen Wöllmisse Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 AY174825 TUB 011452 Cortinarius citrinus Europe Germany Loogh Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 233 EU569248 MHM171 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 DQ663292 AB00-09-120 Cortinarius elegantior Europe France Ain Echallon Picea and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 EF014269

Arangu-Cort-

03101201

Cortinarius parafulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 AF325622 IB 19980248 Cortinarius elegantior Europe Czech Republic GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 EU056998 JFA 11452 Cortinarius elegantior GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 EU056997 JFA 11693 Cortinarius elegantior GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 EU056999 JFA 12438 Cortinarius

elegantior var.

americanus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 AY174850 TUB 011388 Cortinarius elegantior Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 AY174851 TUB 011394 Cortinarius elegantior Europe Germany Oberjoch Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 234 EF014262 TUB 012709 Cortinarius elegantior Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663402 AB00-10-184 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Trouet Quercus and Picea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663401 AB97-10-253 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Ain Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663471 AB99-09-54 Cortinarius sp. 11 Europe France Corlier

Fagus, Abies and

Picea

GenBank basidiocarp

156

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663398 AB99-10-250 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Ain Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014268

Arangu-Cort-

00/27

Cortinarius pseudofulgens Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014267

Arangu-Cort-

03102001

Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014272

Arangu-Cort-

05102702b

Cortinarius

eufulmineus var.

brunneopurpuraceus

Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663405 CFP776 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe Sweden Västergötland Quercus and Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663232

DBTF668/DB222

5

Cortinarius murellensis Europe Spain València Q. ilex and P. nigra GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 AF389140 IB20000167 Cortinarius sulphurinus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663396 PML2347 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Seine-et-Marne Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663403 PML4026 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663397 PML4316 Cortinarius perfulmineus Europe France Indre Deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663404 PML4364 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe Italy Bologne

Q. cerris and Q.

humilis

GenBank basidiocarp isotype

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663399 PML4746 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Dordogne Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ996976 TEB134-84 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663400 TSJ2002-067 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Provence Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ663233 TSJ2002-075 Cortinarius murellensis Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 AY174847 TUB 011426 Cortinarius cereifolius Europe Germany Buir Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014255 TUB 011426 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014260 TUB 012777 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

157

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014261 TUB 012778 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014257 TUB 012779 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014256 TUB 012780 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014259 TUB 012781 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014258 TUB 012782 Cortinarius eufulmineus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 EF014273 TUB 012783 Cortinarius murellensis Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ083808 TSJ2002-075 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe France Hérault GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 235 DQ083809 TSJ2003-050 Cortinarius quercus-ilicis Europe Sweden Öland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663364 AB00-10-191 Cortinarius olearioides Europe France Savoie Castanea GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663365 CFP862 Cortinarius olearioides Europe France Jura

Corylus, Carpinus

and Abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663366 DB1270 Cortinarius olearioides Europe Hungary Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663362 PML1755 Cortinarius olearioides Europe France Haute-Savoie GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663363 TSJ1998-112 Cortinarius olearioides Europe France Jura Tilia and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663361 TSJ2000-049 Cortinarius olearioides Europe Denmark Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 DQ663367 TSJ2004-037 Cortinarius olearioides Europe Sweden Västergötland Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 236 EF014264 TUB 012721 Cortinarius olearioides Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663207 AB00-10-183 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe France Savoie

Quercus, Betula and

Castanea

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663200 AB00-10-202 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe France Ain Corylus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663203 AB97-10-249 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe France Isère deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

158

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663204 AB99-10-253 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe France Ain

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663431 AB99-11-322 Cortinarius splendificus Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014271

Arangu-Cort-

03103002

Cortinarius olearioides Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014270

Arangu-Corti-

02110102

Cortinarius glaucescens Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663199 CFP855 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663209 DB1340 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe Hungary Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663208 GE971015 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe France Dordogne deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663205 GE97977 Cortinarius mirus/ alcalinophilus Europe France Dordogne Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014263 KS-172 Cortinarius majusculus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663201 PML4324 Cortinarius

fulminatus/

alcalinophilus

Europe France Île-de-France deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663202 PML437 Cortinarius

fulgentissimus/

alcalinophilus

Europe France Seine-et-Marne Fagus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663206 PML4644 Cortinarius xanthophylloides Europe France Yvelines deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663210 TF2004-106 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe Italy Sardinia Q. suber GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ663432 TSJ2005-092 Cortinarius splendificus Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 AY174837 TUB 011433 Cortinarius pseudofulmineus Europe Germany Coloman

Fagus sylvatica and

Carpinus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014266 TUB 012784 Cortinarius glaucescens Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014275 TUB 012785 Cortinarius glaucescens Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014265 TUB 012786 Cortinarius majusculus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

159

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014274 TUB 012787 Cortinarius aff. splendificus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 EF014276 TUB 012788 Cortinarius majusculus Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ083769 TSJ2003-020 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ083770 TSJ2003-097 Cortinarius alcalinophilus Europe Denmark Sjaelland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 237 DQ083815 TF2002-041 Cortinarius splendificus Europe France Hérault GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 238 AF503552 IB19950596 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 238 EU057004 JFA 11766 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 238 EU057003 JFA 11803 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 AY033120 IB19980286 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 EU057002 JFA 11893 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 EU057060 JFA 12037 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 EU057000 JFA 12039 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 EU057001 JFA 1206 Cortinarius arcuatorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 DQ663211 PML5208 Cortinarius

fulvoincarnatus/arcua

torum

Europe France Cerin Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 239 DQ663212 TSJ2000-083 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe France Doubs

Carpinus and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 DQ663213 TSJ2004-043 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe Sweden Västergötland Corylus and Q. robur GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 AY174824 TUB 011403 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe Germany Eschweiler Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 AY174822 TUB 011421 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe Germany Tübingen

Fagus sylvatica and

Pinus sp.

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 239 AY174823 TUB 011447 Cortinarius arcuatorum Europe Germany Buir Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

160

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 239 CAT171F Cortinarius arcuatorum North America USA Maryland Catoctin ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 DQ663286 CFP1108 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France Ain

Picea, Corylus and

Fagus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 DQ663285 TSJ1998-093 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France Jura Abies and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 DQ663287 TSJ2000-084 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France Jura Abies and Carpinus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 DQ663288 TSJ2005-076 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 DQ663289 TSJ2005-089 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 AY174819 TUB 011437 Cortinarius dibaphus Europe France Doubs Levier Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 240 EU057006 TUB 012708 Cortinarius dibaphus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663297 CFP880 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe France Doubs Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 EU057035 JFA 11833 Cortinarius cedretorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 EU057036 JFA 11845 Cortinarius cedretorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663298 PML102 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe France Haute-Savoie

Deciduous forest

(esp. Fagus)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663300 PML4758 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe France Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663299 R. Henry 2103 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe France Doubs GenBank basidiocarp heterotype

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663296 TF1999-083 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe Denmark Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663301 TF2001-114 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe Sweden Skåne GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663295 TSJ2000-107 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe Germany Bayern Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 DQ663302 TSJ2005-106 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe France

Pyrénées-

Orientales

Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

161

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 241 AY669565 TUB 011855 Cortinarius elegantissimus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 241 EU057037 TUB 012710 Cortinarius elegantissimus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 242 EU057025 JFA 11802 Cortinarius corrosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 EU057020 JFA 11832 Cortinarius fulmineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 EU057022 JFA 11843 Cortinarius fulmineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 EU057021 JFA 11846 Cortinarius fulmineus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 DQ663455 PML4757 Cortinarius xanthophyllus Europe France Aude mixed GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 DQ663454 PML5440 Cortinarius xanthophyllus Europe France Oise deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 DQ663457 TSJ2002-057 Cortinarius xanthophyllus Europe France Porquerolles Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 AY174826 TUB 011453 Cortinarius xanthophyllus Europe Germany Weyer Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 AY174827 TUB 011457 Cortinarius xanthophyllus Europe Germany Weyer Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 EU057023 TUB 012744 Cortinarius xanthophyllus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 EU057071 TUB 012745 Cortinarius claroflavus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 243 DQ083779 TSJ2002-057 Cortinarius claroflavus Europe France Porquerolles GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 244 AY669574 TUB 011876 Cortinarius suaveolens Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 244 EU056991 TUB 012742 Cortinarius suaveolens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 244 DQ083816 TF2000-055 Cortinarius suaveolens Europe Denmark Jylland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 245 FJ157043 F14969 Cortinarius cf. calochrous North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ663346 5498 Cortinarius natalis Europe Italy Montalbano Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ663342 JAC98103101 Cortinarius natalis var. geminus Europe Spain Burgos Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp holotype

162

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ663343 TF2002-045 Cortinarius natalis Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ663344 TF2002-052 Cortinarius natalis Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ663345 TSJ2002-093 Cortinarius natalis Europe France Hérault Q. ilex GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ083777 TF2002-039 Cortinarius cf. natalis Europe France Hérault GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 246 DQ083797 TSJ2002-070 Cortinarius natalis Europe France Hérault GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 DQ384589 F15187 Cortinarius violaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterphyllum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 FJ039649 F16428 SMI185 Cortinarius violaceus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AF325601 IB 19980181 Cortinarius violaceus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AF389130 IB19950556 Cortinarius violaceus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 EU525958 OSC 1064077 Cortinarius violaceus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AY669580 TUB 011824 Cortinarius hercynicus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AY669579 TUB 011825 Cortinarius violaceus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AJ236059 KH16 Cortinarius violaceus Europe Norway Rogaland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 CAT126 Cortinarius cf. violaceus North America USA Maryland Catoctin ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 FJ157111 SMI144 Cortinarius violaceus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers

One group in the

Community forest

(SBSmc)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 247 AF062631 GK 2607 Cortinarius hercynicus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 248 AF389131 NZ8517 Cortinarius atrolazulinus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 249 AY669578 PERTH 05506794 Cortinarius violaceus Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 250 AY669610 PERTH 05506395 Cortinarius archeri Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

163

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 250 AF112142 Cortinarius archeri GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 251 AY033118 NZ8637 Cortinarius mariae New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 252 AY669537 TUB 011840 Cortinarius aleuriosmus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 253 AY669628 CO1013 Cortinarius minoscaurus New Zealand New Zealand GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 254 AY669635 HO 990125A1 Cortinarius austrovaginatus Australia Tasmania GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 255 DQ328060 AF3 Cortinarius sebosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 255 DQ328133 AF92 Cortinarius sebosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 256 AF325611 IB 2000544 Cortinarius corrugatus North America USA Vermont GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 256 TRTC52240 Cortinarius corrugatus ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 256 TRTC52260 Cortinarius corrugatus ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 257 AY083186 IB19990308 Cortinarius phlegmophorus Asia India Kerala

Wayanad District,

Ponkuzhy

under Hopea spp.

(Dipterocarpaceae),

Calophyllum sp.

(Clusiaceae),

Meiogyne sp.

(Annonaceae) and

Cansjera rheedii

(Opiliaceae)

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 258 EU819491 JMP0059 Cortinarius cylindripes North America USA Wisconsin

Castanea dentata

dominated

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 259 AF389129 IB12139 Cortinarius amazonicus South America Brazil GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 260 AY669604 PERTH 05506778 Cortinarius sinapicolor Australia Australia GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 260 AF112145 Cortinarius sinapicolor GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 261 AY669519 TUB 011845 Cortinarius caesiostramineus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 261 EF218754 UBCOCS153F Uncultured North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

164

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ectomycorrhiza

Cortinarius BSG 262 AF389137 IB19840067 Cortinarius vespertinus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 262 AF389138 IB19890457 Cortinarius variipes North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 263 AF268893 SJ84127 Cortinarius aureifolius Europe Sweden Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 264 QC08108 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 265 AF112146 Cortinarius violaceus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 266 FJ157088 F15879 Cortinarius rubellus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 FJ157085 F15915 Cortinarius

subscaurus/

montanus group

North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 FJ157090 F16153 Cortinarius rubellus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 AF389165 IB19980157 Cortinarius orellanoides Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 AF389164 IB19980580 Cortinarius orellanus Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 AY669595 TUB 011828 Cortinarius rubellus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 AJ236064 KH2 Cortinarius rubellus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 FJ157142 SMI43 Cortinarius rubellus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Gregarious in mixed

conifer forest in

mossy twiggy duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 266 EU597030 UBCOGTR375

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 266 FJ152515 SLUBC9

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 266 EU645598 STIL2RO18

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 267 EU821686 DAVFP26194 Cortinarius salor North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

165

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 267 FJ039600 F16379 SMI285 Cortinarius salor North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 267 CSU56031 JFA9187 Cortinarius salor North America USA Oregon GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 268 AF112143 Cortinarius radicatus GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 269 EU597025 UBCOGTR410

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 270 AY174855 TUB 011389 Cortinarius nanceiensis Europe Germany Oberjoch

Fagus sylvatica and

Picea abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 270 AY174856 TUB 011422 Cortinarius nanceiensis Europe Germany Taubenberg, Rinnen Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 271 AY669520 TUB 011865 Cortinarius

nanceiensis var.

bulbopodius

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 271 DQ083772 TSJ1998-101 Cortinarius aurilicis Europe France Doubs GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 272 DQ083805 TSJ2002-096 Cortinarius percomis Europe France Hérault GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 273 FJ157040 F15921 Cortinarius cyanites North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 273 AY669647 TUB 011885 Cortinarius cyanites Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 EU821663 DAVFP28810 Cortinarius huronensis North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ157015 F14447 Cortinarius callisteus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ039666 F16445 SMI 189 Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ039667 F16446 SMI A11 Cortinarius limoneus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 AY040713 IB19650251 Cortinarius callisteus Europe Switzerland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 AY669594 TUB 011827 Cortinarius callisteus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ157137 SMI19 Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Scattered to

gregarious in duff

and moss of mixed

conifers, some birch

GenBank basidiocarp

166

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 274 QC08107 Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 QC0885a Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 QC0885b Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 QC0750 Cortinarius callisteus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ157127 SMI34 Cortinarius limonius North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Gregarious in mesic-

submesic Hemlock

forests (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 DQ093853 OUC97063 Cortinarius limonius North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 274 FJ157120 SMI31 Cortinarius subfoetidus North America Canada British Columbia Sunday Lake, Hazelton

Scattered to

clustered in Hemlock,

pine-feathermoss,

125 yr old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 275 AY040714 IB19740174 Cortinarius tophaceus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 FJ157036 F15813 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 FJ157035 F15822 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 FJ039662 F16441 SMI A08 Cortinarius argutus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 EF420151 JFA 12930 Cortinarius comarostaphylii North America Costa Rica

under

Comarostaphylis

arbutoides

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 276 EF420153 JFA 12954 Cortinarius comarostaphylii North America Costa Rica

under

Comarostaphylis

arbutoides

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 EF600895 KS-CO1518 Cortinarius leucophanes Europe GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 276 AY174853 UL 98/92 Cortinarius lustratus Europe Germany Bücheneck Fagus sylvatica GenBank basidiocarp

167

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 277 EF420150 JFA 11998 Cortinarius comparioides North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 277 EF420152 JFA 12953 Cortinarius ovreboii North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 277 EF420154 JFA 13000 Cortinarius ovreboii North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 278 AF325609 IB 19950326 Cortinarius subfoetidus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 279 FJ157080 F15898 Cortinarius rubicundulus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 279 FJ717553 F17077 TO3 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Rim National Park,

Tofino, Sand dunes

sand dunes GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 279 AY669599 TUB 011829 Cortinarius rubicundulus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 280 DQ481956 SWUBC426

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 280 DQ481957 SWUBC429

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 281 AF539706 TUB 011468 Cortinarius

austrolimonius var.

ochrovelatus

Nothofagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 FJ157044 F16111 Cortinarius subtortus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 FJ039627 F16406 SMI238 Cortinarius

Phlegmacium cf.

amurceus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 AY174857 TUB 011382 Cortinarius subtortus Europe Germany

Baden-

Württemberg

Freudenstadt Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 AY174859 TUB 011386 Cortinarius subtortus Europe Austria Tyrol Imst Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 FJ717555 JFA13117 Cortinarius subtortus North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 282 FJ717556 JMB07-08-2007- Cortinarius subtortus North America USA Washington Shishi Beach Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

168

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

05

Cortinarius BSG 282 EU057080 ECUBC8

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 282 EU057091 ECUBC9

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 283 AY033121 RA412 Cortinarius purpurellus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 284 AY033124 TH6417 Cortinarius sp. South America Guayana GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 284 AY033125 TH7472 Cortinarius sp. South America Guayana GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 284 AY033122 RA6743 Cortinarius ochraceoazureus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 284 AY033123 RA7413 Cortinarius sarmienti South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 DQ114744 CFP584 (S) Cortinarius armillatus Europe Sweden Ang Sabra deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 TRTC157659 Cortinarius armillatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 TRTC157682 Cortinarius armillatus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 TRTC52749 Cortinarius armillatus North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 AY669671 TUB 01193 Cortinarius armillatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 AJ236075 KH11 Cortinarius armillatus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 285 AF037223

GG036 55/85

and AN016

Cortinarius armillatus Europe GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 285 AY839212 jj113

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 285 FJ157141 SMI13 Cortinarius armillatus North America Canada British Columbia Bretson Creek, Hazelton

Scattered to

abundant in

Hemlock, Pine, Birch-

feathermoss; 55 yr

stand (ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

169

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 285 EF218759 UBCOCS603F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 286 AY839206 jj099

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 287 DQ367895 OUC99061 Cortinarius armillatus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 FJ039674 F16453 SMI188 Cortinarius paragaudis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 FJ039675 F16454 SMIA22 Cortinarius paragaudis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 FJ717545 F17034 AL7 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 FJ157119 SMI18 Cortinarius cacaocolor North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in submesic-

mesic hemlock old

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 CPU56030 JFA9989 Cortinarius paragaudis North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 FJ157138 SMI39 Cortinarius

paragaudis var.

oenochelis

North America Canada British Columbia Kispiox Valley, Hazelton

Scatted in old growth

ICHmc2

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 288 DQ481804 SWUBC817

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 289 TRTC157706 Cortinarius sp. North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 289 TRTC157724 Cortinarius sp. North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 290 FJ039676 F16455 SMI249 Cortinarius niveoglobosus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 290 FJ717544 F17036 AL9 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Lower Strachan Mountain,

Cypress Bowl, West

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 290 AY669661 TUB 011886 Cortinarius diosmus Europe France GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 EU821692 DAVFP26156 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

170

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 291 EU821693 DAVFP26306 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 EU821656 DAVFP29134 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia Port Renfrew GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AF335446 F14052 Cortinarius traganus North America GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ157096 F15808 Cortinarius traganus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 EU486459 F16288 Cortinarius

traganus var.

ochraceus

North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 EU486455 F16292 Cortinarius

traganus var.

ochraceus

North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ039567 F16346 PK5236 Cortinarius

traganus var.

ochraceus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers

Xeric SBC lodgepole

pine in mosses and

lichens

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ039568 F16347 PK5298 Cortinarius

traganus var.

ochraceus

North America Canada British Columbia Whistler

Solitary in mossy duff

under Tsuga,

Pseudotsuga, Abies

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ039569 F16348 PK5352 Cortinarius cf. traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

fairly common

scattered to clustered

in submesic

Hemlock/Cedar

woods

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ039570 F16349 SMIA05 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ039686 F16465 SMI 219 Cortinarius gentilis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ717573 F17028 AL1 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ717570 F17029 AL2 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ717571 F17043 EH19 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ717574 F17094 VMS18 Cortinarius traganus var. North America Canada British Columbia Manning Provincial Park, GenBank basidiocarp

171

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ochraceus Sumallo Grove

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ717569 F17095 VMS19 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Sumallo Grove

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AF325598 IB 19960060 Cortinarius traganus Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 TRTC157338 QC0831 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 TRTC157354 QC0847 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AJ236073 KH10 Cortinarius traganus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AF430251 IH-P16 Cortinarius traganus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AF037224 AN04&ANO5 Cortinarius traganus Europe GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ157132 SMI47 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Hemlock, Pine-

feathermoss, old

growth stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 ALG07_56 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 QC0743 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 DQ367900 OUC99393 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 FJ157105 SMI37 Cortinarius

traganus var.

ochraceus

North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Solitary to clustered

in groups in mesic-

submesic Hemlock

old forests (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 291 AF430266 V82 Cortinarius traganus GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 292 DQ117925 CFP809 (S) Cortinarius armeniacus Europe Sweden Ang Haggdanger coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 FJ039573 F16352 SMIA01 Cortinarius triformis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 FJ717502 F17098 VMS21 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Cascade Recreational area

douglas and hemlock

in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

172

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 292 AF325595 IB 19960124 Cortinarius armeniacus Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 AY669689 TUB 01188 Cortinarius turgidus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 AY669663 TUB 01191 Cortinarius aprinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 AJ236074 KH22 Cortinarius armeniacus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 292 EU057122 ECUBC16

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 293 EU821652 DAVFP29161 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Lake Cowichan, Vancouver

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 FJ157004 F14886 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 FJ157005 F15809 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 FJ039575 F16354 SMI 239 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 FJ717506 F17044 EH 21 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 AF325596 IB 19740181 Cortinarius alboviolaceus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 AF325597 IB 19950329 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 TRTC157680 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 AY669657 TUB 011882 Cortinarius alboviolaceus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 AJ549965 B11

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Thuringia Ronneburg Betula pendula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 293 FJ157115 SMI12 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

clustered in Hemlock,

pine-feathermoss,

old growth stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 293 ALG07_34 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

173

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 293 dfmo0690.142 Cortinarius violascens North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 AM109898 DG108 (ABD) Cortinarius sp. Europe United Kingdom Scotland Pinus sylvestris GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ039574 F16353 SMI A42 Cortinarius biformis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ717531 F17032 AL5 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ717532 F17045 EH22 Cortinarius sp North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ717567 F17047 EH24 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

old growth hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 EU525988 OSC 1064267 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 AY669688 TUB 011896 Cortinarius biformis Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ157106 SMI27 Cortinarius biformis group North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Clustered in groups

in submesic-mesic

Hemlock forests

(ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ717530 SAT07-268-04 Cortinarius cf. subpurpureus North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 dfmo2018 Cortinarius sp. F North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 294 EF619679 2S3.06.S04

Uncultured

Cortinarius

North America USA North Carolina Orange County

collected from Pinus

taeda dominant

forest

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ481700 SWUBC414

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ481812 SWUBC479

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ481828 SWUBC971

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

174

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ481862 SWUBC481

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ481864 SWUBC981

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 294 FJ152517 SLUBC27

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 294 DQ377378 JLP2471

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 295 FJ717572 F17030 AL3 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

mixed conifers,

rhodos, clubmoss

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 295 FJ717504 F17105 VMS3 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

Strawberry Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 295 EU693242 TN02-593 (H) Cortinarius testaceofolius Europe Finland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 295 AF268894 CO1096 Cortinarius heterosporus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 295 FJ717503

SLB2004-11-14-

15

Cortinarius armeniacus North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss, Tsuga

heterophylla

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 295 FJ717575

SLB2004-10-10-

03

Cortinarius laniger North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss, Tsuga

heterophylla, Ledum

groenlandicum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 296 EU821665 DAVFP28814 Cortinarius obtusus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 296 FJ039684 F16463 SMI 256 Cortinarius evernius North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 296 TRTC157358 QC0851 Cortinarius tortuosus North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 296 AY669669 TUB 011916 Cortinarius tortuosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 EU821658 DAVFP28807 Cortinarius acutus group North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 EU821657 DAVFP28813 Cortinarius acutus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

175

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 297 EU821666 DAVFP28816 Cortinarius obtusus North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 FJ039685 F16464 PK5345 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia

#2, Mt. Elphinstone

Provincial Park, Roberts

Creek

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 FJ717546 F17050 EH27 Cortinarius sp North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

in step moss under

hemlock and cedar

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 FJ717547 F17088 VMS12 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under spruce GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 FJ717548 F17107 VMS5 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 EU525957 OSC 1064072 Cortinarius cf. anomalus North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 EU525967 OSC 1064104 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 AY669682 TUB 011897 Cortinarius bivelus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 FJ717542 SAT00-285-05 Cortinarius brunneus North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 ALG07_68 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481672 SWUBC929

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481693 SWUBC383

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481726 SWUBC36

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481794 SWUBC922

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481821 SWUBC921

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

176

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 297 DQ481845 SWUBC65

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 297 EF218747 UBCOCS176F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 298 FJ039563 F16342 PK4574 Cortinarius evernius North America Canada British Columbia

Raspberry Cove, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 FJ039564 F16343 PK4740 Cortinarius evernius North America Canada British Columbia

Swan Bay, Barnaby

Island, Queen Charlotte

Islands

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 FJ039565 F16344 OC8 Cortinarius alboviolaceus North America Canada British Columbia East Sooke Park, Sooke

mixed forest (doug

fir, pinus contorta,

Tsuga heterophylla),

in duff, only one,

broken and eaten by

slugs

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 AF325593 IB 19630078 Cortinarius leucopus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 TRTC157360 QC0853 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 TRTC157715 Cortinarius sp. North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 AY669676 TUB 011514 Cortinarius cagei Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 AY669686 TUB 011901 Cortinarius evernius Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 AJ236077 KH23 Cortinarius evernius Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 QC0754 Cortinarius evernius North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 FJ039710 PK3041 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia

Kostan Inlet, San Cristoval

Range, Moresby Island

Solitary under Pinus

contorta, Tsuga,

Chaemaecyparis etc.,

alpine area

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 298 EU597034 UBCOGTR194

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

177

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 299 AF389156 IB19980139 Cortinarius paleaceus Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ889970 MC01-531 Cortinarius diasemospermus Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ889972 TF01-027 Cortinarius flexipes Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Farum Noerreskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AM087248 Nov-37 Cortinarius flexipes Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Gribskov Fagus sylvatica GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ889971 MC01-551 Cortinarius flexipes Europe Denmark Sjaelland Rude Skov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ236078 KH12 Cortinarius paleaceus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ889973 KF02-10 Cortinarius paleaceus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Gribskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 AJ889974 KF02-28 Cortinarius paleaceus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Gribskov Fagus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 EF655689 1444

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Polygonum viviparum GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 AY748857 LIC2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Salix caprea GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 FJ717557

SLB2004-10-24-

07

Cortinarius flexipes North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

litter, moss, Tsuga

heterophylla,

Gaultheria shallon

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ481706 SWUBC627

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ481733 SWUBC969

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ481768 SWUBC412

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ481838 SWUBC15

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

178

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 299 EF218761 UBCOCS211

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 EU563508 47C

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Mexico Guerrero Quercus crassifolia GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ974726 bg15d

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 DQ822804 RT519

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Point Reyes National

Seashore

Pinus muricata

dominated

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 299 AM087247 21-40 Cortinarius diasemospermus GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 300 DQ499465

IB1989/0300

(IB)

Cortinarius pseudobovinus North America USA

under Picea

engelmannii and

Pinus contorta

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 300 EU259283 IK02-018 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 300 EU259282 TN05-054 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland

mesic spruce forest

(Picea abies) with

some Betula, Populus

tremula and Pinus

sylvestris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 300 EU259284 TN06-146 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland

fairly old, mesic and

mossy pine (Pinus

sylvestris) and

spruce (Picea abies)

dominated forest

with some birch

(Betula)

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 300 AF476972 277_Ny1.O-37.5

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 300 AF476990 276_Ny1.O-37.4

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

179

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 300 AF481375

183_Ny3.B1-

24.1

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 300 AF481376 243_Ny3.C-5.1

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 300 AF494444

184_Ny3.B1-

30.1

Ectomycorrhizal root

tip

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 300 AJ889975 MC01-554 Cortinarius praestigiosus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Rude Skov beech GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 300 EU222961 MR10 Fungal sp. North America USA Alaska Delta Junction

Picea mariana

dominated

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 300 EU597033 UBCOGTR545

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 301 EU821655 DAVFP29147 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 301 FJ717498 F17057 EH34 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver

in moss, in front

lawn/ Spruce and

Laurel nearby

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 301 AY669677 TUB 011525 Cortinarius fulvoconicus South America Chile GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 301 AY669658 TUB 011918 Cortinarius umbrinolens Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 301 AJ534712 O14 Cortinarius sp. Europe Estonia Tartu Jaervselja Tilia cordata GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 301 AY254860 d483.9

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Netherlands Dwingeloo Forest Pinus sylvestris GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 301 AY288094 DGGEband5 Uncultured fungus Europe Netherlands

Pinus sylvestris

dominated

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 301 DQ102683 HL90-235 Cortinarius cf. saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ499466

AHS17461

(MICH)

Cortinarius boulderensis North America USA under conifers GenBank basidiocarp

180

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ497190 EKB120984 (O) Cortinarius rubrovioleipes Europe Norway Oppland Nordre land

oligotrophic submesic

spruce forest (Eu-

Piceetum

myrtilletosum)

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 302 FJ039558 F16337 SMI A09 Cortinarius boulderensis North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 FJ039559 F16338 SMI A13 Cortinarius cf.praestiglosus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 FJ717500 F17099 VMS 23 Cortinarius boulderensis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Cascade Recreational area

douglas and hemlock

in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 FJ717563 F17102 VMS 27 Cortinarius boulderensis North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under hemlock, in

duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ497191 IK04-031 (H) Cortinarius rubrovioleipes Europe Finland

spruce forest of the

Myrtillus-type

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ497193 IK97-1800 (H) Cortinarius rubrovioleipes Europe Finland

fairly young mesic

spruce heath forest

with Pinus, Betula,

Populus tremula and

Salix spp."

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ497194 NM-180960 (H) Cortinarius rubrovioleipes Europe Finland

coniferous forest on

rocky ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU652361 OSC 109624 p539i Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU652363 OSC 109633 p541i Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU837218 OSC 109646 Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU652362 OSC 109687 p540i Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU837216 OSC 109690 Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU852803 OSC 114594 Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU837217 OSC 114883 Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

181

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU652365 OSC 114938 p544i Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU652364 OSC 115139 p543i Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 EU837219 OSC 115202 Cortinarius boulderensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 302 DQ497192 RT-160951 (H) Cortinarius rubrovioleipes Europe Finland

planted Abies sibirica

forest

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 302 FJ717501

SLB2004-11-02-

05

Cortinarius sp. North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ039537 F16316 OC4 Cortinarius pulchripes North America Canada British Columbia

Camosun College Property

at the end of Barrow

Road, Metchosin

mixed forest (doug

fir, thuja plicata,

maple, Alnus, Abies

grandis)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ039538 F16317 OC2 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Millstream Road, Saanich

mixed forest (mostly

doug fir, some

arbutus)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ039539 F16318 OC23 Cortinarius vernus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer

macrophyllum), in

moist soil, arbutus

litter

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ039540 F16319 OC21 Cortinarius sertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata, garry

oak), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ039536 F17074 EH51 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Bluffs Park, Galiano Island Garry Oak Meadows GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 FJ717566 F17079 TO5 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia sand dunes GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 AY083180 IB19740451 Cortinarius decipiens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 AY083178 IB20000132 Cortinarius atrocoerulaeus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ822800 KGP42 Cortinarius sp. GenBank unknown

182

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 303 EU668287 II.cm127.pa

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Germany GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 AY825512 clone2

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe France Corsica

Quercus ilex

dominated; also

Arbutus unedo

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 AY748856 NEU7

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Salix caprea GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 dfmo0253 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481679 SWUBC799

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481703 SWUBC6

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481709 SWUBC29

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481710 SWUBC988

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481728 SWUBC377

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481736 SWUBC409

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481738 SWUBC938

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481742 SWUBC415

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481746 SWUBC805

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481748 SWUBC420

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

183

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481751 SWUBC868

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481753 SWUBC873

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481761 SWUBC798

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481764 SWUBC809

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481792 SWUBC78

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481799 SWUBC950

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481802 SWUBC41

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481808 SWUBC425

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481816 SWUBC856

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481823 SWUBC985

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481833 SWUBC998

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481835 SWUBC940

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481837 SWUBC807

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481843 SWUBC808

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

184

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481847 SWUBC802

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481850 SWUBC373

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 DQ481856 SWUBC376

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 EU057124 ECUBC17

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 EF218756 UBCOCS506

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 303 AF495455 CWS44 Cortinarius sp.

Kobresia

myosuroides

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 304 AY669685 TUB 011895 Cortinarius belleri Europe Spain GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 305 EU668226 7994.4.R

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe United Kingdom England GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 305 EF644124 3A1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Carinthia Arnoldstein Populus tremula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ117926 CFP332 (S) Cortinarius hinnuleus Europe Sweden Medelpad Torp deciduous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ499461 F39953 (S) Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus Europe Sweden mixed oak forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ499464 GK16160 (G) Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus Europe France

under deciduous

trees

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 306 AY083184 IB19930113 Cortinarius hinnuleus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 AY083183 IB19960139 Cortinarius hinnuleus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ499462 IK01-021 (H) Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus Europe Finland under Quercus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ499463

KS-020993

(TUR)

Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus Europe Finland mixed oak forest GenBank basidiocarp

185

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ974716 src94 Cortinarius cf. flexipes North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 DQ499460 TN03-093 (H) Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus Europe Finland

under planted

Quercus on mull soil

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 AY669665 TUB 011512 Cortinarius hinnuleus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 AY669667 TUB 011905 Cortinarius helvolus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 306 AJ534713 P36 Cortinarius sp. Europe Estonia Tartu Jaervselja Tilia cordata GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039544 F16323 OC12 Cortinarius subsertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039545 F16324 OC34 Cortinarius subsertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata), in

moss

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039546 F16325 OC36 Cortinarius subsertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest(doug fir,

arbutus, garry oak,

maple), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039547 F16326 OC37 Cortinarius saturninus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata), in

moss/duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039548 F16327 OC24 Cortinarius casimiri North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest(doug fir,

arbutus, garry oak),

in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039549 F16328 OC29 Cortinarius saturninus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata, garry

oak), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039550 F16329 OC27 Cortinarius subsertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich margin of mixed GenBank basidiocarp

186

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

forest (arbutus, doug

fir, garry oak, maple)

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039551 F16330 OC38 Cortinarius saturninus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata), in

forest duff in small

groups

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ039552 F16331 OC13 Cortinarius subsertipes North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

margin of mixed

forest (arbutus, doug

fir, garry oak), in

arbutus leaves duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ717537 F17051 EH28 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 FJ717538 F17096 VMS 2 Cortinarius casimiri North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Lightening Lakes,

Strawberry Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 EU819499 RT00010 Cortinarius subsertipes North America USA Wisconsin

Castanea dentata

dominated

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 TRTC157676 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 AY669679 TUB 011449 Cortinarius subsertipes Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 AJ889945 MC01-553 Cortinarius casimiri Europe Denmark Sjaelland Rude Skov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 AJ549968 B19-II

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Thuringia Ronneburg Betula pendula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 ALG07_157 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 307 EU563919 UBCOPCsubEp

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

southern British Columbia,

Interior Cedar-Hemlock

Zone

Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 EU563920 UBCOPCsubFd

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

southern British Columbia,

Interior Cedar-Hemlock

Zone

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

187

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 307 EU645620 STIL2RO47

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Vancouver Island

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 EF218748 UBCOCS650F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 EF411089 L2BD1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus wislizeni GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 AY656929 CORTIN03

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 307 EF101775 16PY3825

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Pyrola picta GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 308 EU821662 DAVFP28802 Cortinarius fulvescens North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 FJ039553 F16332 OC7 Cortinarius fulvescens North America Canada British Columbia East Sooke Park, Sooke

mixed forest (doug

fir, pinus contorta,

Tsuga heterophylla),

in duff, only one,

broken and eaten by

slugs

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 FJ039554 F16333 OC11 Cortinarius cendriolens North America Canada British Columbia Texada Island

Mixed forest (doug

fir, Pinus contorta,

Vaccinium ovatum)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 AY083179 IB20000045 Cortinarius cendriolens GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 AY669664 TUB 011909 Cortinarius parvannulatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 EU326171 1049

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Rotmoos Glacier GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 308 AJ893236 L503_C9

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Estonia Saaremaa Island Tagamoisa GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 308 dfmo0123 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

188

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 308 dfmo4566 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 dfmo4772 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 308 DQ377411 JLP2460

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 309 DQ481858 SWUBC994

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 309 DQ974725 bg16d

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 310 DQ102685 EKB890808 Cortinarius cf. saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 311 AF389155 IB19960086 Cortinarius pulchellus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 311 AY083192 IB20000025 Cortinarius pulchellus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 312 FJ039534 F16313 SMI A21 Cortinarius cf. phaeopygmaeus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 312 AY669672 TUB 011910 Cortinarius psammocephalus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 312 DQ990864 29

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Italy GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 312 DQ822801 RT522

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Point Reyes National

Seashore

Pinus muricata

dominated

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 312 DQ102682 HL04-506O Cortinarius cf. saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 313 FJ039562 F16341 SMI 252 Cortinarius cana-barba North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 313 AY083191 IB19890415 Cortinarius humidicola GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 314 EU444551 EDM72 Cortinarius sp. Beech GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 314 AY299227 E4T2 Uncultured Europe France Souilly experimental forest Fagus silvatica) GenBank root-tip

189

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ectomycorrhiza

Cortinarius BSG 315 AY097038 OTU4

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Sweden Västerbotten

Vindeln, Svartberget

Forest Research station

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 315 dfmo2234 Cortinarius sp. E North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 315 dfmo2235 Cortinarius sp. E North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 316 FJ039535 F16314 SMI A37 Cortinarius colus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 316 FJ157129 SMI35 Cortinarius colus North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Scattered in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss mature

forest (ICHm2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 316 CMU56029 JFA9577 Cortinarius miniatopus North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 317 FJ717534

SLB2003-11-09-

04

Cortinarius angelesianus North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss, Sphagnum,

Gaultheria shallon,

Tsuga heterophylla

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 317 FJ157109 SMI29 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss, old

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 317 EU597027 UBCOGTR196

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 318 AY083176 IB19920217 Cortinarius alnetorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 318 AY083177 IB19970382 Cortinarius alnetorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 318 AY669695 TUB 01192 Cortinarius alnetorum Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 319 FJ039542 F16321 OC3 Cortinarius sertipes North America Canada British Columbia

Camosun College Property

at the end of Barrow

Road, Metchosin

mixed forest (doug

fir, thuja plicata,

maple, Alnus, Abies

grandis)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 319 EU498732 181

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria

Kobresia

myosuroides

GenBank root-tip

190

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 319 AY299220 A4T1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe France Souilly experimental forest Fagus silvatica) GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 319 DQ974724 bg7c

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 320 EU259287 CO237 (S) Cortinarius sp. Europe Sweden

mixed forest with

Picea, Betula, and

Quercus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 320 EU259288 CO538 (S) Cortinarius sp. Europe Sweden Betula forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 320 FJ717539 F17110 VMS8 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Manning Provincial Park GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 320 EU259285 TN04-763 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland

mesic, partly grass-

herb spruce forest

(Picea abies) with

some Betula, Populus

tremula and Pinus

sylvestris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 320 EU259286 TN04-854 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland

grass-herb spruce

forest (Picea abies)

with some Betula,

Populus tremula and

Pinus sylvestris

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 320 EU259289 TN06-150 (H) Cortinarius sp. Europe Finland

mixed forest of pine

(Pinus sylvestris),

spruce (Picea abies)

and birch (Betula),

collected under birch

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 320 AY656961 CORTIN10

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 321 EU668286 I.8238.3

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe Germany GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 EU821680 DAVFP26158 Cortinarius cf. subferrugineus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

191

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 322 AY669681 TUB 011887 Cortinarius malachius Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 322 FJ717558

SLB2004-10-24-

06

Cortinarius malachius North America USA Washington Shadow Lake Bog, Renton

moss,Tsuga

heterophylla, Ledum

groenlandicum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481683 SWUBC161

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481689 SWUBC162

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481715 SWUBC524

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481740 SWUBC168

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481744 SWUBC163

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481756 SWUBC165

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481778 SWUBC1003

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481786 SWUBC155

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481789 SWUBC931

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481818 SWUBC138

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481852 SWUBC157

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 322 DQ481854 SWUBC521

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

192

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 323 dfmo4765 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 324 AY656964 CORTIN02

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 325 FJ039541 F16320 OC5 Cortinarius vernus North America Canada British Columbia

Camosun College Property

at the end of Barrow

Road, Metchosin

mixed forest (doug

fir, thuja plicata,

maple, Alnus, Abies

grandis), in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 325 AY669690 TUB 011900 Cortinarius erythrinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 325 EU668257 7645.2

Uncultured

Cortinarius

Europe United Kingdom Wales GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 325 EF644125 64

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Carinthia Arnoldstein Populus tremula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 325 EF218751 UBCOCS239

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 325 FJ717497 JFA13107 Cortinarius vernus North America USA Washington Trout Lake mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 325 DQ102686 HLCFP542 Cortinarius helobius GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 325 AY286192 populationB

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Epipactis microphylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ039556 F16335 PK5346 Cortinarius sp. Telamonia North America Canada British Columbia

#2, Mt. Elphinstone

Provincial Park, Roberts

Creek

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ039557 F16336 SMI 302 Cortinarius laniger North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ717536 F17086 VMS10 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Strawberry Flats

under spruce GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ717535 F17108 VMS6 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Rhododendron Flats

under hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 AF325591 IB 19740251 Cortinarius laniger Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

193

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 326 AF325592 IB 19990511 Cortinarius laniger Asia Russia Sakha GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 EU525982 OSC 1064216 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 TRTC157325 QC0818 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 TRTC157672 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 TRTC157674 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 AY669666 TUB 011521 Cortinarius laniger Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 AY669696 TUB 011914 Cortinarius solis-occasus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ717576 SAT01-292-05 Cortinarius laniger North America USA Washington

Deer Park Road, Olympic

National Park

mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 326 FJ157146 SMI32 Cortinarius solis-occasus North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

Scattered in

Hemlock, pine-

feathermoss; 200 yr

old stand

(ICHmc2/01b)

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 AY669687 TUB 011922 Cortinarius umbilicatus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 EU529976

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden Lapland Abisko Salix polaris GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 327 dfmo4619 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 dfmo2233 Cortinarius umbilicatus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 dfmo2240 Cortinarius umbilicatus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 dfmo2241 Cortinarius umbilicatus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 dfmo2242 Cortinarius umbilicatus North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 327 CUU56032 JFA10314 Cortinarius umbilicatus North America USA Wyoming GenBank basidiocarp

194

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 327 EF619681 1S2.09.F04

Uncultured

Cortinarius

North America USA North Carolina Orange County

collected from Pinus

taeda dominant

forest

GenBank soil

Cortinarius BSG 327 DQ481722 SWUBC993

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 327 DQ377380 JLP3408

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina

Duke Forest, Orange

County

Pinus taeda GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 327 AY880948 ASH5051a

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA Oregon

Oregon Dunes National

Recreation Area, Siuslaw

National Forest

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 328 EU525964 OSC 1064097 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 FJ039709 F16488 PK4550 Cortinarius palaceus North America Canada British Columbia

Raspberry Cove, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 TRTC155754 TM02_106 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 TRTC155950 TM02_307 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 TRTC156005 TM02_362 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 TRTC156007 TM02_364 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 TRTC156013 TM02_371 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Joker's Hill, Newmarket Hemlock-Cedar forest ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 AY669678 TUB 011902 Cortinarius flexipes var. flabellus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 329 ALG07_161 Cortinarius sp. North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 330 DQ974715 src6 Cortinarius cf. flexipes North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 330 AY669670 TUB 01190 Cortinarius anthracinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

195

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 331 FJ039566 F16345 OC20 Cortinarius duracinus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata, garry

oak), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 331 AF389157 IB19960695 Cortinarius duracinus Europe Italy GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 331 AY669674 TUB 011517 Cortinarius duracinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 331 AY669675 TUB 011518 Cortinarius candelaris Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 331 AJ889943 TF-01-041 Cortinarius bovinus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Farum Noerreskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 332 EU821673 DAVFP29148 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Victoria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 332 AY083189 IB19980189 Cortinarius saturninus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 332 AY695793 PBM 156 (WTU) Cortinarius lucorum North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 332 AY695794 PBM 742 (WTU) Cortinarius lucorum North America USA Washington GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 332 TRTC52308 Cortinarius torvus North America ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 333 FJ039561 F16340 SMIA10 Cortinarius

sp. Telamonia

subsection bicolorati

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 334 AY656969 CORTIN09

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 335 AY040712 IB19850133 Cortinarius betuletorum GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 335 AF389158 IB19850350 Cortinarius raphanoides Europe Sweden GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 336 AY656930 CORTIN04

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ117931 CFP1200 (S) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Ang Sabro

blueberry spruce

forest

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139999 CFP1438 (S) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Sweden Härjedalen Hede dry pine forest on GenBank basidiocarp holotype

196

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

sand

Cortinarius BSG 337 EU821677 DAVFP26155 Cortinarius camphoratus North America Canada British Columbia McBride GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 EU821671 DAVFP28804 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120758 EB18.9.1987 (O) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Femsjo spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 FJ717540 F17062 EH39 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Pacific Spirit Park, South

of Camosun Bog,

Vancouver

2nd growth hemlock

forest/ in duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120756 IK00-005 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Dalarna Idre spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ140002 IK01-010 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Uusimaa Tammisaari

dry pine heath on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139996 IK02-002 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Western Finland Konnevesi

pine and spruce

forest

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139997 IK04-001 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Uusimaa Vantaa

spruce-dominated

heath forest

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ140001 IK04-002 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Uusimaa Espoo

submesic spruce-

dominated coniferous

forest

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ140000 IK04-005 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Uusimaa Nurmijarvi

dry pine heath on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ140003 IK94-570 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Anjalankoski

spruce forest with

pines and few birches

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139998 IK95-1588 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Western Finland Orivesi

dry pine forest on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139992 TN02-766 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Oulu Oulanka

dry pine forest on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139993 TN02-769 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Oulu Oulanka

dry pine forest on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139994 TN02-795 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Oulu Oulanka dry pine forest on GenBank basidiocarp

197

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

sand

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ139995 TN02-960 (H) Cortinarius neofurvolaesus Europe Finland Oulu Kuusamo

dry pine forest on

sand

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ117929 TN03-372 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Gävleborg Bergsjo spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ117930 TN03-596 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Medelpad Havero

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120753 TN03-625 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Sweden Havero

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120757 TN04-152 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Finland Western Finland Ruovesi spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120754 TN04-550 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Finland Lapland Runteli

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 337 DQ120755 TN04-640 (H) Cortinarius anisatus Europe Finland Lapland Tornio

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139986 CFP517 Cortinarius furvolaesus Europe Sweden Uppland Uppsala-Nas

coniferous forest

(Pinus, Picea)"

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139987 CFP611 (S) Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Sweden Jamtland Hallesjo rich coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 EF530931 F16263 Cortinarius sordidemaculatus North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139991 IK04-003 (H) Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Finland Uusimaa Kirkkonummi spruce forest GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139988 IK98-1240 (H) Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Finland Lapland Tornio

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139985 IK98-1758 Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Finland Eastern Finland Kerimäki

dry pine heath with

young spruces

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139984 PC0088382 Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe France Haut-Doubs coniferous forest GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139990 TEB104-03 (H) Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Norway Hordaland Ulvik

young spruce forest

plantation

GenBank basidiocarp

198

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 338 DQ139989 TN03-597 (H) Cortinarius sordidemaculatus Europe Sweden Medelpad Havero

spruce forest on

calcareous ground

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 339 DQ365638 SD-13.3 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 340 FJ717499 F17033 AL6 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 341 AJ889942 TF-01-034 Cortinarius aprinus Europe Denmark

North East

Sjaelland

Farum Noerreskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 342 FJ039672 F16451 SMI A48 Cortinarius brunneus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 342 AY669691 TUB 011898 Cortinarius bovinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 343 FJ039671 F16450 SMI 203 Cortinarius cf. duracinus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 343 DQ139983 IB 86/172 Cortinarius cf. bovinus Europe Austria Tirol

mixed forest with

Picea and Fagus

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 344 EU563509 30C

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Mexico Guerrero Quercus crassifolia GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 345 FJ039555 F16334 OC30 Cortinarius scandens North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

lower part of mixed

forest (doug fir,

maple, thuja plicata)

in forest duff/moss

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 345 AJ889948 MC01-513 Cortinarius cf. iliopodius Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 345 ALG07_93 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 345 EU597029 UBCOGTR192

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 345 EU057095 ECUBC5

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 345 FJ152516 SLUBC26

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

199

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 346 AY669683 TUB 011903 Cortinarius flexipes Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 FJ717577 F17080 TO6 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia sand dunes GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 AY669621 TUB 011830 Cortinarius saniosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 AY669660 TUB 011907 Cortinarius junghuhnii Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102670 LY69_217 Cortinarius chrysomallus Europe France GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 347 EU326172 1050

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Rotmoos Glacier GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 347 EU498731 1478

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria

Kobresia

myosuroides

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 347 EU529977

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden Lapland Abisko Salix polaris GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 347 FJ717541

JMB10-15-2007-

05

Cortinarius saniosus North America USA Washington

Highland Park Way,

Seattle

Populus, Acer

macrophyllum

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102677 Moser1991_0288 Cortinarius saniosus North America USA GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 ALG06_69 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 EU597028 UBCOGTR602

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Campbell River GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102660 Orton4026 Cortinarius aureomarginatus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102684

Capilla1998-

0860

Cortinarius cf. saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102661 HLCFP967 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102662 HMCFP982 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102663 HMCFP447 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102664 HL000904 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

200

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102665 723FK Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102666 HMCFP1127 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102668 TB01_186 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102669 HL04_052 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102671 HMCFP739 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102672 HL00_158 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102673 HL01_710 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102674 EB020926 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102675 HL03_305 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102676 HL89_305 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102678 TB98_008 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102679 HL04_670 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102680 HLCFP612 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102681 HL99_902 Cortinarius saniosus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102652 EB870818 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102653 HM900724 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102654 EB020727 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102655 EB780814 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102656 EKB900822 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102657 EKB880921 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

201

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102658 KH408-78 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 347 DQ102659 HL01-001 Cortinarius sp. GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 348 AF325594 IB 19970396 Cortinarius humidicola Europe Switzerland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 349 EU821669 DAVFP28809 Cortinarius scandens North America Canada British Columbia Stillwater GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 349 FJ717582 F17054 EH31 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Manning Provincial Park,

Manning Park Lodge

under spruce in lawn GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 349 AY669693 TUB 011894 Cortinarius balaustinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 349 AY669692 TUB 011915 Cortinarius subbalaustinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 349 DQ481717 SWUBC978

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 349 DQ481773 SWUBC394

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 349 DQ481842 SWUBC954

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 350 FJ039707 F16486 PK4712 Cortinarius

Leprocybe sp. Cf.

gentilis?

North America Canada British Columbia Ikeda Cove GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 350 AY083182 IB19930140 Cortinarius helvelloides GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 350 AY669684 TUB 011904 Cortinarius helvelloides Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 351 AY748858 LIC7

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Germany Salix caprea GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 352 AY083188 IB19990305 Cortinarius keralensis Asia India Kerala

Wayanad District,

Ponkuzhy

under Hopea spp.

(Dipterocarpaceae),

Calophyllum sp.

(Clusiaceae),

Meiogyne sp.

(Annonaceae) and

Cansjera rheedii

(Opiliaceae)

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

202

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 353 FJ039673 F16452 SMI A15 Cortinarius cf. turibulosus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 354 FJ717528 F17040 EH16 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 354 FJ717584 F17049 EH26 Cortinarius sp North America Canada British Columbia

Lynn Valley Regional Park,

North Vancouver

old growth hemlock GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 354 TRTC157347 QC0840 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 354 EU222984 MR38 Fungal sp. North America USA Alaska Delta Junction

Picea mariana

dominated

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 354 EU223000 MR56 Fungal sp. North America USA Alaska Delta Junction

Picea mariana

dominated

GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 354 EU057110 ECUBC18

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 355 FJ717583 JFA13122 Cortinarius badiovinaceus North America USA Washington Barlow Pass

Tsuga heterophylla,

Abies amabilis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 356 AF389154 IB19920363 Cortinarius bulliardii Europe Austria GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 356 AY669662 TUB 011508 Cortinarius cinnabarinus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 356 AY669659 TUB 011899 Cortinarius bulliardii Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 357 FJ039678 F16457 OC28 Cortinarius californicus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest (Doug

fir, arbutus, acer,

thuja plicata, garry

oak), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 357 FJ039679 F16458 OC39 Cortinarius californicus North America Canada British Columbia Observatory Hill, Saanich

Mixed forest(doug fir,

arbutus, garry oak,

maple), in forest duff

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 357 CCU56023 Is506 Cortinarius californicus North America USA California GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 358 EU569253 MHM200 Cortinarius sp. North America Mexico Guerrero GenBank basidiocarp

203

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 359 FJ717527 F17069 EH46 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia Saltspring Island under Douglas fir GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 360 FJ039677 F16456 SMI 313 Cortinarius cacaocolor North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 360 EU693241 TN02-848 (H) Cortinarius ionosmus Europe Finland GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 361 TRTC157673 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 361 TRTC157686 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 361 QC08114 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 362 FJ039683 F16462 SMIA24 Cortinarius viridipes North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 362 EF218758 UBCOCS734F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 363 EU525984 OSC 1064223 Cortinarius sp. North America USA Oregon

HJ Andrews Experimental

Forest

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 364 AY083190 IB19970431 Cortinarius urbicus GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 364 EF218750 UBCOCS717F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 365 FJ157064 F14962 Cortinarius pholideus North America GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 TRTC157671 Cortinarius pholideus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 AY669694 TUB 011520 Cortinarius pholideus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 AJ236072 KH5 Cortinarius pholideus Europe Norway Oslo GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 DQ097866 OUC97241 Cortinarius cf. paragaudis North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 FJ157122 SMI168 Cortinarius pholideus North America Canada British Columbia Hazelton

with paper birch in

ICHmc2 mature

stands

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 365 ALG07_30 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

204

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 365 ALG07_125 Cortinarius pholideus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 366 AJ534711 R27 Cortinarius sp. Europe Estonia Tartu Jaervselja Tilia cordata GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 DQ481682 SWUBC963

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 DQ481725 SWUBC428

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 DQ481796 SWUBC906

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 DQ481806 SWUBC395

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 DQ481860 SWUBC4

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 366 AY656968 CORTIN08

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA North Carolina Coweeta

Quercus rubra and/or

Q. prinus

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 367 AJ889969 MC01-514 Cortinarius cf. sertipes Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 367 DQ990866 31

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Italy GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 367 EF218746 UBCOCS392F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 368 EF218749 UBCOCS295F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 368 EF411087 L2AC4

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus wislizeni GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 369 FJ039708 F16487 PK4581 Cortinarius flexipes North America Canada British Columbia

Raspberry Cove, Moresby

Island

GenBank basidiocarp

205

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 369 DQ097874 OUC99166 Cortinarius junghuhnii North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 369 EU057109 ECUBC6

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 370 FJ039543 F16322 SMI 259 Cortinarius hemitrichus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 370 AJ889946 MC01-515 Cortinarius cf. decipiens Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 370 AJ889947 MC01-549 Cortinarius cf. decipiens Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 370 AM161515 dec-2.13.1-510

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov Fagus sylvatica GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 370 AM161517

dec-5.19.2a-

1011

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Denmark Sjaelland Lille Boegeskov Fagus sylvatica GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 370 DQ097870 OUC99106 Cortinarius hemitrichus North America Canada British Columbia

Interior Cedar

Hemlock

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 370 EF218763 UBCOCS585F

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Betula papyrifera GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 371 AY669673 TUB 011911 Cortinarius rubricosus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 371 EF644123 6D1

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Carinthia Arnoldstein Populus tremula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 371 EU326170 1045

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Rotmoos Glacier GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 371 AY839208 jj013

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 372 DQ974722 sm4d

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America USA California

Koch Natural Area,

University of California

Sierra Foothill Research

and Extension Center

(UCSFREC)

Quercus douglasii GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 373 FJ039560 F16339 SMI201C Cortinarius sp. Telamonia cf. North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

206

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

flos-paludis

Cortinarius BSG 373 EF644105 IB2004246 Cortinarius hemitrichus Europe Austria Populus tremula GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 373 TRTC157685 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 373 AY669680 TUB 011509 Cortinarius hemitrichus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 373 EU003181 dk98

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Populus tremula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 373 dfmo0762 Cortinarius sp. D North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 374 EF420145 JFA 11950 Cortinarius savegrensis North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 375 EF420142 JFA 11941 Cortinarius carranzae North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 375 EF420143 JFA 12929 Cortinarius carranzae North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 375 EF420149 JFA 12929a Cortinarius carranzae North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 375 EF420148 JFA 12929b Cortinarius carranzae North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 375 EF420144 JFA 12929c Cortinarius carranzae North America Costa Rica

with Q. seemannii, Q.

copeyensis, Q.

costaricensis

GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 376 FJ039571 F16350 SMI 255 Cortinarius calopus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 376 FJ039572 F16351 SMI A39 Cortinarius calopus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 376 AY669668 TUB 011515 Cortinarius torvus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 376 AJ889977 TF01-035 Cortinarius torvus Europe Denmark North East Farum Noerreskov beech GenBank basidiocarp

207

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Sjaelland

Cortinarius BSG 376 dfmo1307 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 376 ALG07_118 Cortinarius traganus North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 377 dfmo1707 Cortinarius sp. North America USA North Carolina Duke Forest Loblolly Pine Forest Duke Forest basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 378 EF420141 JFA 11946 Cortinarius quercoamillatus North America Costa Rica

under Q. seemanii,

Q. copeyensis

GenBank basidiocarp holotype

Cortinarius BSG 379 EU837215 OSC 115135 Cortinarius barlowensis GenBank unknown

Cortinarius BSG 380 AF325590 IB 19950084 Cortinarius brunneus Europe Norway GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 TRTC157365 QC0858 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Quebec ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 TRTC157678 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 AF430287 IH-P17 Cortinarius brunneus Europe Germany Picea abies GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 ALG07_181 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 ALG07_51 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada Ontario Algonquin Provincial Park ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 380 AF430292 V30 Cortinarius brunneus Picea abies GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 381 FJ039680 F16459 SMI A41 Cortinarius

brunneus cf. var.

clarobrunneus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 381 FJ039681 F16460 SMI A44 Cortinarius

brunneus var.

brunneus

North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 381 FJ039682 F16461 SMI 261 Cortinarius brunneus group North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 381 FJ717543 F17031 AL4 Cortinarius sp. North America Canada British Columbia

Grouse Mountain, North

Vancouver

Duff, mixed conifers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 382 FJ157145 SMI17 Cortinarius

brunneus var.

clarobrunneus

North America Canada British Columbia

Date Creek Forest, near

Kispiox

Solitary in mesic-

submesic hemlock-

feathermoss, old

forest (ICHmc2)

GenBank basidiocarp

208

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 382 DQ481670 SWUBC30

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 382 DQ481676 SWUBC871

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 382 DQ481698 SWUBC863

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 383 QC08125 Cortinarius sp North America Canada Quebec Radisson ROM basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 383 EF218762 UBCOCS225

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia

Pseudotsuga

menziesii

GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 384 AY228359 F14291 Cortinarius cf. bovinus North America Canada British Columbia

Capilano Regional Park,

North Vancouver

Tsuga heterophylla GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 385 AY839207 jj148

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Sweden GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 386 DQ481758 SWUBC613

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 387 FJ039659 F16438 SMI 297 Cortinarius cf spilomeus North America Canada British Columbia Smithers GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 387 AY669654 TUB 011523 Cortinarius spilomeus Europe Germany GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 387 DQ481671 SWUBC741

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 387 DQ481678 SWUBC215

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 387 DQ481752 SWUBC747

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 FJ039632 F16411 PK4865 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia Windy Bay, Lyell Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 388 FJ039698 F16477 PK4939 Cortinarius azureus North America Canada British Columbia Huxley Island GenBank basidiocarp

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481690 SWUBC746 Uncultured North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

209

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

ectomycorrhiza

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481694 SWUBC277

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481723 SWUBC500

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481732 SWUBC150

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481795 SWUBC742

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481836 SWUBC744

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481844 SWUBC280

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481846 SWUBC151

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481848 SWUBC275

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481849 SWUBC505

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481851 SWUBC283

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 388 DQ481863 SWUBC745

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481685 SWUBC735

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481687 SWUBC737

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481697 SWUBC276

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

210

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481712 SWUBC279

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481719 SWUBC734

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481731 SWUBC739

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481741 SWUBC736

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481766 SWUBC738

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481772 SWUBC281

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481775 SWUBC284

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481783 SWUBC748

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481784 SWUBC285

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481800 SWUBC740

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481814 SWUBC743

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481825 SWUBC282

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481830 SWUBC274

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 389 DQ481831 SWUBC278

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

211

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 390 EF644126 2Z5

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

Europe Austria Carinthia Arnoldstein Populus tremula GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481674 SWUBC508

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481691 SWUBC567

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481695 SWUBC293

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481702 SWUBC572

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481705 SWUBC134

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481711 SWUBC154

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481713 SWUBC559

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481721 SWUBC297

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481730 SWUBC573

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481737 SWUBC566

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481743 SWUBC926

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481747 SWUBC932

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481749 SWUBC571

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

212

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481754 SWUBC562

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481757 SWUBC503

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481759 SWUBC152

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481763 SWUBC295

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481765 SWUBC149

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481769 SWUBC288

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481774 SWUBC930

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481779 SWUBC12

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481780 SWUBC287

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481785 SWUBC286

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481788 SWUBC482

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481791 SWUBC502

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481805 SWUBC486

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481809 SWUBC560

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

213

Barcode Similarity

Group

GenBank

Number

Herbarium

Number

Collection

Number

Genus Species Continent Country Province/State Location Habitat

Location of

Sequence

Origin of

Sequence

Type

Specimens

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481817 SWUBC565

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481819 SWUBC935

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481826 SWUBC290

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481840 SWUBC483

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481855 SWUBC920

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 391 DQ481857 SWUBC561

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 392 DQ481684 SWUBC933

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

Cortinarius BSG 393 DQ481677 SWUBC137

Uncultured

ectomycorrhiza

North America Canada British Columbia Port Hardy Tsuga heterophylla GenBank root-tip

214

Appendix 3: List of all BSGs containing environmental sequences in the BSG database and the presence or absence of unidentified or identified vouchers in the same BSG.

BSG All Environmental Unidentified Voucher Identified Voucher

Cortinarius BSG 012 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 015 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 020 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 025 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 028 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 044 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 048 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 052 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 058 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 059 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 060 Yes- but misidentified/mislabeled.

Cortinarius BSG 061 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 076 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 090 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 093 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 101 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 102 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 103 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 104 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 105 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 106 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 113 Yes

215

BSG All Environmental Unidentified Voucher Identified Voucher

Cortinarius BSG 129 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 132 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 134 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 139 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 140 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 141 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 148 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 157 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 158 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 159 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 160 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 163 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 164 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 166 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 173 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 174 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 175 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 176 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 178 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 179 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 184 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 189 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 232 Yes

216

BSG All Environmental Unidentified Voucher Identified Voucher

Cortinarius BSG 261 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 266 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 269 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 280 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 282 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 285 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 286 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 288 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 291 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 292 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 293 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 294 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 297 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 298 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 299 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 300 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 301 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 303 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 305 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 306 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 307 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 308 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 309 Yes

217

BSG All Environmental Unidentified Voucher Identified Voucher

Cortinarius BSG 312 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 314 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 315 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 317 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 319 Yes- but misidentified/mislabeled.

Cortinarius BSG 320 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 321 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 322 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 324 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 325 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 327 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 334 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 336 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 339 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 344 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 345 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 347 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 349 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 351 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 354 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 362 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 364 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 366 Yes

218

BSG All Environmental Unidentified Voucher Identified Voucher

Cortinarius BSG 367 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 368 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 369 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 370 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 371 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 372 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 373 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 380 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 382 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 383 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 385 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 386 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 387 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 388 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 389 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 390 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 391 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 392 Yes

Cortinarius BSG 393 Yes