USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING...
Transcript of USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING...
![Page 1: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES
Antonio Garrido
Universitat Politecnica de Valencia
Lluvia Morales
Universidad Tecnologica de la Mixteca
Ivan Serina
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
![Page 2: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Problem and motivation
• The myPtutor approach
– Overall architecture
– Definition of the course / Compilation of PDDL files / Solving the planning problem / Execution and monitoring / Adaptation
• Putting all together. Integration with Moodle
• Evaluation
• Conclusions
![Page 3: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Education is changing and now includes all forms of supported e-learning and e-teaching
Web full of interoperable digital resources (LOs)
– Insufficient to accommodate different styles and preferences – profile dependent
– Right selection & combination of LOs is essential to facilitate and enhance learning
We need a student-centered learning route (plan) tailored to the students’ needs
And we need to execute it!
Problem & Motivation
![Page 4: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Planning?
Generating a learning route resembles planning closely
E-learning AI planning
Students’ background/prefs Initial state
Learning goals to attain Top level goals
Profile-adapted LOs with prerequisites and outcomes
Actions with preconditions and effects
Ordering relations Causal link relations
Tailored learning route Solution plan
Manual and decision-making techniques
CBP that memorizes and adapts pre-stored plans
![Page 5: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mixed-initiative architecture for teachers and students
Steps:
• Define the course
• Compile the PDDL files
• Solve the planning problem
• Execute & monitor
• Adapt the plan
The myPTutor approach
![Page 6: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Definition of the course
Planning-oriented graphical tool with drag&drop of visual components
With precs/effects and extended with conj. + disj. + recom. requirements, cost and multi-objective metric
![Page 7: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compilation of PDDL files
Use a knowledge engineering method that extracts metadata information (LOM) in an automated polynomial process
The PDDL problem is extracted from the students’ e-portfolio (profile+background+goal)
![Page 8: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Solving the planning problem
Any PDDL planner can be used, but CBP seems more reasonable as the world is regular and problems tend to recur
CBP requirements:
• Plan library with sufficiently similar reuse candidates (high number of common init/goals) – mapping objects of the reuse vs. new instance
• Plan merging techniques – plan decomposition per (interrelated) goals and reuse of parts of the retrieved plans to complete the new one
• Used as a starting point for local search
• Built on top of OAKPLAN
![Page 9: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Solving the planning problem
After creating the plan (learning route), the teacher validates it and decides whether to introduce it in the case base
• The learning route stability is important (inertia is very appreciated)
The learning route is uploaded to the LMS (Moodle in our case) as a plan manifest
![Page 10: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Execution and monitoring
During execution two situations can happen:
• Flawed execution of an activity (effects don’t happen as expected – failed evaluation task)
• The student’s profile changes
New planning scenario is created
• Init state is now the current state
• Learning goals remain the same
• A validator (VAL) is used with the original domain, the new planning problem and the remaining part of the plan
• In case of flaws, the CBP is invoked to fix them!
![Page 11: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Adaptation - fixing the plan
Our plan adaptation consists in adapting the plan rather than planning from scratch
• Better to keep stability
• We use LPG-ADAPT, a local-search-based planner that incrementally modifies plan candidates
• But other dynamic adaptation systems can be used
• CBP is valid for plan revision: – Evaluation, which verifies the presence of failures
– Repair, when the failure is discovered; looking for a repair by using the plan library, or aborting the plan
![Page 12: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Integration with Moodle
Our approach is compatible with any LMS, but we use Moodle as a validation framework
We have implemented several extensions to allow a mixed-initiative mechanism for users and planning services
Teachers’ and students’ forms Gantt chart with the activities for students
![Page 13: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Evaluation From a qualitative point of view
• Teachers agree with the plans in terms of their form, size and adaptation to the students
• For students the experience was highly positive – feeling the course is specifically designed for them
From a quantitative point of view
• Test the effectiveness of our approach with merging techniques (OAKPLAN-merge) vs. plan generation
• Experiments: 100 problems; 9 configurations (with 10, 20...90 fictitious students) simulating changes in 10 variants per configuration (plus one extra variant for the 90-th configuration)
![Page 14: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Evaluation OAKPLAN (with and without merging techniques) vs. LPG and SGPLAN6
The case-base contains all the base problems and their solutions
Plan retrieval techniques are less useful when the changes are significant; but the benefits for this pay off in terms of stability
OAKPLAN (with and without merging techniques) with different case-bases
The case-base is initialised with the case-base problem (with 10 students) and updated after the corresponding variants are evaluated
Merging may increase the time where the case-base is not too informed
![Page 15: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conclusions
Planning technology must be introduced transparently to the user
Metadata extraction is very useful for knowledge engineering compilation, but it is not always fully specified
• Allow to map from e-learning models to PDDL models
Generating PDDL files is good for using standard planners, but CBP techniques show more appealing
• Better for adaptation, keeping good values of stability
• Better for teachers, who want to keep a plan library with their previous plans (and modifications)
![Page 16: USING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSESicaps12.icaps-conference.org/technicalprogram/presentations/Garrido.pdfUSING AI PLANNING TO ENHANCE E-LEARNING PROCESSES Antonio Garrido](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042021/5e782c27a782fa3f854cab32/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
THANK YOU!
QUESTIONS?