U.S.G. Action Plan on Children in Adversity Strategic framework for international assistance White...
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Transcript of U.S.G. Action Plan on Children in Adversity Strategic framework for international assistance White...
U.S.G. Action Plan onChildren in Adversity
Strategic framework for international assistance
White House LaunchDecember 2012
www.childreninadversity.org
Children in Adversity: who are they?
25%live in
extreme poverty
1.9 billion children in LMIC
Adversity: Serious deprivation or danger
Poor healthand nutrition
Lack ofstimulation-attachment(< 5 years)Living outside
of family care
Exposure to violence,exploitation, abuse
United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects 2010UNICEF State of the World’s Children 2012
FIRST YEAR
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Birth (Months) (Years)
Sensory Pathways(Vision, Hearing)
LanguageHigher Cognitive Function
Source: C.A. Nelson (2000)
Neural Circuits are Wired in a Bottom-Up Sequence
Early Experiences Leave Lasting Chemical “Signatures” on Genes
External Experience
Gene Regulatory Proteins
Epigenetic “Signature” Turns Gene On or Off
U.S.G. Framework forInternational Assistance
Promote Evidence-
BaseIntegrationStrengthen
Systems
Put Family Care First
Protect Children from Violence, Exploitation, Abuse, and
Neglect
Build Strong BeginningsPRINCIPAL
SUPPORTING
OBJECTIVES
1 3
4 5 6
2
6
“It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.”Frederick Douglass
Obj 1 - Build Strong Beginnings
7
The global burden
• 6.9 million children under the age of 5 worldwide die each year.
• More than 25 times that number -- over 200 million children -- survive, but do not reach their developmental potential.
• As a result, their countries have an estimated 20 percent loss in adult productivity.
Grantham McGregor, S. et al., (2007). Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet, 369:60-70
WHO and UNICEF. Care for Development.Obj 1 - Build Strong Beginnings
8
109
891
Expected to diebefore their5th birthday.
Expected to livepast their
5th birthday.
Approximately 1/3 are notexpected to reach their
developmental potential
Grantham-McGregor et al. Lancet. 2007January 6; 369(9555): 60–70
In Sub-Saharan Africa, for every 1000 children born in 2011…
Obj 1 - Build Strong Beginnings
9
Adversity impairs development
Obj 1 - Build Strong Beginnings
10
Jamaica Study
11
Sustained results
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
height weight
% i
ncr
ea
se o
f m
ea
nco
mp
are
d t
o c
on
tro
lgro
up
Supplementation
Maternal tutoring
Both
Source: Van der Gaag, J. School Performance and Physical Growth of Underprivileged Children: Results of the Bogotá Project at Seven Years. (1983). World Bank, Washington D.C.
Obj 1 - Build Strong Beginnings
12
“Any proposed programs should respect the primacy of the family.”
James J. Heckman, Nobel Laureate in Economics
Obj 2 - Put Family Care First
13
The global burden
Children outside of family care – have fallen off the statistical map.
Global estimates:• 17.8 million children have lost
both parents• 2-8 million children may be living
in institutional care• 1.1 million children are trafficked
for forced labor• 1.8 million children are victims of
sex trafficking or pornography• 300,000 children are associated
with armed forces or groups
All children count, but not all children are counted.
Obj 2 - Put Family Care First
14
Children are at high risk of growing up without a biological
parent, usually their father
Percentage of children under 5 living with their biological mother but w/o their biological father
Percentage of children under 5 living with their biological father but without their biological mother, and
Percentage of children under 5 living without both biological parents (x-axis)
Source: UNICEF. Inequities in Early Childhood Development: What the data say - Evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. February 2012. Figure 5, Page 9.
Note: This analysis included 40 countries.
Obj 2 - Put Family Care First
15
The effects of caregiving• Institutionalization can lead to serious developmental, cognitive,
emotional delays and challenges. Children placed in appropriate family care by age 2 recover
normative growth and development by age 8. Children removed from institutions after age 2 do not reach
normative ranges.
EEG level: Institutionalized children EEG level: Never-institutionalized children
• Placing children in protective family care results in better child outcomes and is significantly less expensive than institutional care.
Obj 2 - Put Family Care First
16
“Safety and security don’t just happen; they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most
vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear.”
Nelson MandelaObj 3 - Protect Children
17
The global burden• Between 133 million and 275 million children are
estimated to witness domestic violence annually.• 25-30% of children experience severe forms of
punishment.• 150 million girls and 73 million boys under 18 experienced
forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence in one year.
• 36 percent of girls and 29 percent of boys globally have been sexually abused.
• 115 million children are engaged in hazardous work; 5.5 million are in forced labor.
• 1.8 million children are victims of sex trafficking or pornography.
• An estimated 300,000 children are associated with armed forces or groups. Obj 3 - Protect Children
18
The lasting effects of adversity
CDC. Adverse Childhood Experiences.Obj 3 - Protect Children
APCA Roll OutThree core outcomes
In six priority countries, achieve significant reductions in the number of:
1. Children not meeting age-appropriate growth and developmental milestones
2. Children living outside of family care
3. Children who experience violence and exploitation
Results-based Approach
Public-Private PartnershipGlobal Alliance for Children
Mission: Mobilize public and private knowledge, commitment and resources at the global and country levels to support country-driven strategies and accountability around three core outcomes that will demonstrate significant, measurable and sustainable results for children in adversity, beginning in a select number of countries.
Inaugural meeting (February 2013):• 19 senior leaders and decision makers• 15 organizations• 11 nationalities• 4 regions
ExampleOutcomes for Cambodian Children
40% reduction in the number of children under the age of five with cognitive delays
70% reduction in the number of children living outside of family care
30% reduction in childhood violence and exploitation