Uses of Modeling A model is designed to represent reality in such a way that the modeler can do one...
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![Page 1: Uses of Modeling A model is designed to represent reality in such a way that the modeler can do one of several things: –Quickly estimate certain aspects.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae77b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Uses of Modeling A model is designed to represent reality in such a way that
the modeler can do one of several things:
– Quickly estimate certain aspects of a system (screening models, analytical solutions, ‘back of the envelope’ calculations)
– Determine the causes of an observed condition (flow direction, contamination, subsidence, flooding)
– Predict the effects of changes to a system (pumping, remediation, development, waste disposal)
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Types of Ground Water Flow Models
Analytical Models (Exp and ERF functions)– 1-D solution, Ogata and Banks (1961)
– 2-D solution, Wilson and Miller (1978)
– 3-D solutions, Domenico & Schwartz (1990)
Numerical Models (Solved over a grid - FDE)– Flow-only models in 3-D (MODFLOW)
– MODPATH - allows tracking of particles in 2-D placed in flow field produced from MODFLOW
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GROUNDWATER FLOW GENERAL EQUATION
MODFLOW is a modular 3-D finite-difference flow code developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to simulate saturated flow through a layered porous media. The PDE solved is for h(x,y,z,t):
– where Kxx, Kyy, and Kzz are defined as the hydraulic conductivity along the x, y, and z coordinate axis, h represents the potentiometric head, W is the volumetric flux per unit volume being pumped, Ss is the specific storage of the porous material and t is time.
t
hSW
z
hK
zy
hK
yx
hK
x szzyyxx
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Problem identification– Important elements to be modeled – Relations and interactions between them– Degree of accuracy
Conceptualization and development– Mathematical description– Type of model – Numerical method - computer code– Grid, boundary & initial conditions
Calibration– Estimate model parameters– Model outputs compared with actual outputs– Parameters adjusted until the values agree
Verification– Independent set of input data used – Results compared with measured outputs
MODEL PROCESS
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Starting New Model
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Marking Inactive cells
Importing a site map
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Assign Boundary
Constant Heads (East 2-3 m
West (0 m)
North & South inactive cells
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Assign Recharge
Start from GIS
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Importing Wells (Agricultural, Domestic and Observation
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Running the Model
Head output
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Model Calibration
Through Calibration, a revision for the recharge by changing the rate and running the model until Observed values almost equal to Calculated values
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Results: Head, Velocity, Drawdown, etc.