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BiosensorsAnthony Carr

Brett Gobe

Ben LaPierre

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What are biosensors?

Detectors based on selective molecularcomponents of plants or animals.

Modern Biosensors evolved from 2 different

disciplines Molecular Biology

Information Technology.

Offers a wide variety of applications. Medical

Environmental

Military / Law Enforcement

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Evolution of the Medical

Biosensor Mid 1950s - Leland C Clark invents an

electrode that measures dissolved oxygen in

the blood of patients undergoing surgery. He surrounded a platinum electrode and

reference electrode with a plastic membranepermeable to gases. The voltage differential

measured between the two gave the rate atwhich the oxygen was being diffused.

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Clark extended this electrode idea to include glucosesensors.

However these never made their way into routine patientcare. This was due to flaws in accuracy when clotsformed around the electrode.

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Required Characteristics

Sensitivity

Low detection limits

Cost Simplicity

Reliability

SpeedAccuracy

Precision

Utility

Field portability

Ruggedness Reproducibility

Ease of calibration

Stability Room for

improvement

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Biosensors

Combine a biological compound with atransducer

What is a transducer?

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Flow Injection Analysis(FIA)

What is FIA?

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Uses of Biosensors

Environmental Monitoring

Military

Law Enforcement

Medical

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Present Applications ofBiosensors

Medical Care (both clinical andlaboratory use)

The determination of food quality

The detection of environmentalpollutants

Industrial Process Control

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Applications (contd.)

Biosensors in process control will be able to measurematerials in the process flow of temperature, pressureand the acidity readings.

The development of biosensors in industry can

improve manufacturing techniques, which would allowfor a wider range of sensing molecules to beproduced at a cheaper rate.

In the field of medicine, tumor cells are used as a

biosensor to monitor chemotherapeutic drugsusceptibilities.

Biosensors also play a role in the manufacturing ofpharmaceuticals and replacement organs such as an

artificial pancreas for diabetics.

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It is found that biosensors are widely used inenvironmental testing by using a flow-

through system to monitor wastewater (aflow-through system includes instrumentsusing surface plasmon resonance).

These censors are not only restricted to the

use of molecules. Rather livingmicroorganisms such as bacteria can be usedto detect substances such as vitamin B12.

Conclusively, biosensors play a part in the

field of medicine, environmental quality, andindustry mainly by identifying material andthe degree of concentration present.

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QUESTIONS?