User PsychologyITKP103

Human Being and Information System

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ky/kurssit/itkp103/index.html

Sacha Helfenstein

sh@cc.jyu.fi

Lectures 28.10., 2.11., and 4.11.2005

Pertti Saariluoma (1 lecture)

• Foreword and Introduction– Human Being and Technology– The User: Psychological Perspective– Future of Human Technology

Sacha Helfenstein (3 lectures)

• User Psychology of the Individual– Sensation & Perception– Attention & Memory– Thinking & Learning– Emotion & Motivation

Hanna Parkkola (2+2 lectures)

• User in Context and Research– Social User– User Research– Leisure Environmet– Work Environment

Kimmo Wideroos (3 lectures)

• User Interface– Definition– Research & Development– World of Interfaces

Human Technology

Context

E.g., Social Psychology

HumanTechnol

ogy

UbiquitousComputing & Embeded Technology

Use and Interaction

„„Your product Your product or service is or service is useless if useless if humans do not humans do not understand it, understand it, cannot operate cannot operate it, or do not it, or do not want to use it.“want to use it.“

Objectives

• Learn principles of psychology that form the basis of user-centered design

• Become an informed observer of people, objects, and how they interact

Nielsen-Norman Group

www.nngroup.com

Donald A. Norman

Jakob Nielsen

Problem

"There are numerous guides on Web design but for the most part, these are based on designer's intuition and common sense - with little theoretical or experimental validation."

(Dalal et al, 1999)

Research Fields• From Man-Machine Interaction (MMI) to HCI, to

Human-Technology Interaction and Man-Machine-Man Interaction (MMMI)

• User Psychology vs. Psychology of Use• Consumer Psychology

• From Human Factors and Ergonomics, via Usability Analysis and Evaluation to User Experience Research

• Human(User)-Centered Design and User-friendly Computing

Applying Psychology in Design

– “Design is where the action is, not evaluation” (Newell & Card, 1985)

– Psychology can be “the mother of invention” (Landauer, 1987)

– “Psychologists often relegate themselves to the role of commentators on existing designs, but the alternative is to take the lead” (Draper, 1993)

Dimensions of PsychologyPsychology deals with human experience (i.e., mental processes) and behavior.

Thinking

Feeling

Acting

Mind

Body

Environment

Psychological Disciplines

• Cognitive Psychology– Sensation, Perception, and Motor Control– Learning, Memory, and Thinking– Emotion and Motivation

• Social Psychology

• Developmental Psychology

• Personality and Inter-individual Differences

• Applied Psychology

The Model Human Processor

• Perception system

• Cognition system

• Motor system(Card, Moran, & Newell, 1983)

Perception, Attention and Memory

• Classic cognitive research investigates the laws and limits of human information processing (i.e., knowledge construction), including the capacities and structures in retaining, storing, and retrieving information.

• It does not explicate the contents of the mind.

Stage Model of Memory

Sensory Storage

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

maintenance

organization/elaboration

Decay: 0.2-4s

Decay: 20-30s

7 (± 2 chunks)

Decay?

Interference?

Audible

Visual

Haptic

Information modality

Unprocessed information

Symbolic information chunks

Semantic and procedural information

Adapted from Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

Traffic Psychology ExampleCa. 1 sign / 20 m

Fixation time 300ms 500ms 750ms

Speed 50km/h 20% 35% 50%

Speed

100km/h 40% 70% 100%

Speed

150km/h 70% 100% 100%

Percentage of driving time used only to visually fixate traffic signs.

Where am I?

http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/self-efficacy.html#info

Guess how many links:

-> 295!