User Guide HYSYS

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PRO/II 8.1

USER GUIDE


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License and Copyright Information

PRO/II 8.1

The software described in this guide is furnished under a written agreement and may beused only in accordance with the terms and conditions of the license agreement under

which you obtained it. The technical documentation is being delivered to you AS IS andInvensys Systems, Inc. makes no warranty as to its accuracy or use. Any use of thetechnical documentation or the information contained therein is at the risk of the user.Documentation may include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors.Invensys Systems, Inc. reserves the right to make changes without prior notice.

Copyright Notice © 2007 Invensys Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of thematerial protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, broadcasting, or byany information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from InvensysSystems, Inc.

Trademarks PRO/II and Invensys SIMSCI-ESSCOR are trademarks of Invensys plc, its

subsidiaries and affiliates.

AMSIM is a trademark of DBR Schlumberger Canada Limited.

Visual Fortran is a trademark of Intel Corporation.

RATEFRAC ® software is a trademark registered to Koch-Glitsch. This applies to all printed

and electronic documents.

BATCHFRAC ®

software is a trademark registered to Koch-Glitsch. This applies to allprinted and electronic documents.

Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Window 2003, Windows XP andMS-DOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Adobe, Acrobat, Exchange, and Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.

All other products may be trademarks of their respective companies.

U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND

The Software and accompanying written materials are provided with restricted rights.Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth insubparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data And Computer Software clause atDFARS 252.227-7013 or in subparagraphs (c) (1) and (2) of the Commercial ComputerSoftware-Restricted Rights clause at 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19, as applicable. TheContractor/Manufacturer is: Invensys Systems, Inc. (Invensys SIMSCI-ESSCOR) 26561

Rancho Parkway South, Suite 100, Lake Forest, CA 92630, USA.

Printed in the United States of America, March 2007


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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Using PRO/II ........................................................................................1

Before Starting PRO/II .....................................................................................1

Starting PRO/II..................................................................................................2

PRO/II Main Window Components .................................................................3

Using the Menus ..............................................................................................6

Using the Floating Palettes.............................................................................9

Using the Toolbar ............................................................................................9

Using the PRO/II Main Window.....................................................................14

Chapter 2 Simulation Basics ...........................................................................15

General Approach..........................................................................................15 Run the Process Simulation ........................................................................17

Analyze the Simulation Results...................................................................17

Building the Flowsheet .................................................................................17 Unit Operations............................................................................................17 Streams .......................................................................................................17

Required Data.................................................................................................18 Components ................................................................................................18 Thermodynamic Methods............................................................................18 Stream Information......................................................................................19 Unit Operations............................................................................................19 Miscellaneous Data .....................................................................................19

Default Data....................................................................................................20

Optional Data..................................................................................................21

Chapter 3 Managing PFD Files ........................................................................23

Opening a New Simulation ...........................................................................23

Opening an Existing Simulation...................................................................24

Saving the Current Simulation .....................................................................25

Closing a Simulation .....................................................................................26

Deleting a Simulation ....................................................................................27

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Copying a Simulation ....................................................................................28

Importing a PRO/II Keyword Input File........................................................30

Exporting Simulation Data to a PRO/II Keyword File.................................33

Export Data to Excel Using Spreadsheet Tools .........................................37

Copying Property Table Data to the Clipboard...........................................37

Copy/Paste Stream Data in an Excel Sheet ................................................38

Chapter 4 Building a Flowsheet ......................................................................39

Setting Simulation Preferences....................................................................39

Placing a Unit on the Flowsheet...................................................................49

Canceling Unit Placement.............................................................................51

Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................52 Connecting Streams When One Unit is Not Visible ....................................55

Changing the Flowsheet Layout ..................................................................56 Drawing Freehand Objects ...........................................................................58

Chapter 5 Manipulating Objects ......................................................................63

Selecting Objects or Groups of Objects .....................................................63 Selecting a Group of Objects ......................................................................64

Resizing an Object.........................................................................................65

Rearranging Objects or Groups of Objects ................................................66

Editing Text ....................................................................................................68

Chapter 6 Viewing Flowsheet Contents..........................................................69

Scrolling the PFD...........................................................................................69

Zooming..........................................................................................................69

Opening Multiple Viewport Windows ..........................................................70

Redraw the Simulation ..................................................................................71

Panning...........................................................................................................71

Moving the Bounding Box ............................................................................73

Chapter 7 Data Entry Windows.........................................................................75

Defining the Simulation.................................................................................75

Selecting Components..................................................................................77

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Modifying Component Properties ................................................................78

Selecting Thermodynamic Methods............................................................79

Selecting Assay Data ....................................................................................80

Specifying Reaction Data..............................................................................81

Specifying Procedure Data...........................................................................82

Specifying Multiple Simulations for Case Study........................................83

Setting the Problem Calculation Sequence ................................................84

Specifying Recycle Convergence................................................................85

Data Entry Windows for Unit Operations....................................................86 Grids and the X-Y Grid ................................................................................87

Chapter 8 Specifying Component, Thermodynamic and Stream Data........91

Component Data ............................................................................................91 Entering User-defined Components ............................................................93

PRO/II and TDM Integration ..........................................................................97

Assay Data......................................................................................................99 TBP Cutpoint Sets .....................................................................................100

Assay Characterization Options ................................................................101

Thermodynamic Data ..................................................................................102 Selecting Predefined Method Sets ............................................................103 User-added Thermodynamic Data ............................................................108 CAPE-OPEN Property Package................................................................109

Property Calculations..................................................................................109 Defining Transport Properties....................................................................109

Specifying Water Decant Options..............................................................111

Stream Data..................................................................................................116 Specifying Composition Defined Streams.................................................117 Specifying Stream Thermal Condition.......................................................118 Specifying Petroleum Assay Streams.......................................................118 Stream Thermal Conditions.......................................................................121

Specifying Recycle Streams.......................................................................121

Specifying Reference Streams..................................................................125 Refinery Inspection and User-defined Properties....................................129

Refinery Inspection Properties ..................................................................130 User-defined Special Properties................................................................130 Refinery Inspection Properties ..................................................................132 User-defined Special Properties................................................................132

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BVLE (Validating Equilibrium Data) ...........................................................137

Chapter 9 Unit Operations and Utility Modules ...........................................139

Calculator .....................................................................................................141 Sample Calculator Procedures..................................................................153

CAPE-OPEN..................................................................................................157

Column, Batch..............................................................................................161

Column, Distillation.....................................................................................162 Column Algorithm......................................................................................163 Reactions...................................................................................................164 Pressure Profile.........................................................................................166 Condensers ...............................................................................................167 Reboilers ...................................................................................................168 Flash Zones...............................................................................................169 Column Heat Leaks...................................................................................169 Pumparounds and Vapor Bypasses..........................................................170

Initial Estimates .........................................................................................171 Performance Specifications.......................................................................173 Homotopy Options for Convergence on Specification ..............................175 Tray Hydraulics..........................................................................................176 Column RATEFRAC® Tray Options .........................................................176 Column RATEFRAC® Packing Options.....................................................177 RATEFRAC® Transport Calculation Methods ...........................................177 Tray Efficiencies ........................................................................................178 Side Columns ............................................................................................179 Print Options..............................................................................................179 Thermodynamic Systems..........................................................................180

Column, Liquid–Liquid Extraction.............................................................181 Column Algorithm......................................................................................182 Pressure Profile.........................................................................................183 Heaters and Coolers..................................................................................183 Initial Estimates .........................................................................................183 Performance Specifications.......................................................................184 Print Options..............................................................................................185 Thermodynamic Options ...........................................................................186

Column, Side................................................................................................187 Solution Methods.......................................................................................187

Compressor..................................................................................................191 Pressure, Work, or Head Specification .....................................................191

Controller......................................................................................................195

Crystallizer....................................................................................................199

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Cyclone.........................................................................................................203

Depressuring Unit........................................................................................211

Dissolver.......................................................................................................217

Excel Unit......................................................................................................219 Data Transfer Sheet ..................................................................................222

Expander.......................................................................................................225 Flash..............................................................................................................227

Flash With Solids .........................................................................................231

Flowsheet Optimizer....................................................................................233

Heat Exchanger, LNG..................................................................................239

Heat Exchanger, Rigorous..........................................................................241

Heat Exchanger Materials of Construction ...............................................246

Heat Exchanger, Simple..............................................................................251

Heating/Cooling Curves ..............................................................................255

Mixer..............................................................................................................259

Multivariable Controller...............................................................................261

Phase Envelope ...........................................................................................265

PIPEPHASE Unit Operation ........................................................................267

Pipe ...............................................................................................................271 Line/Fitting Data ........................................................................................273

Line Sizing Data ........................................................................................274 Polymer Reactor ..........................................................................................277

Procedure Data ............................................................................................279 Procedure Code ........................................................................................280

Pump.............................................................................................................287

Reaction Data...............................................................................................289

Reactor..........................................................................................................293

Conversion and Equilibrium Reactors ......................................................295

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ..............................................................295

Plug Flow Reactor .......................................................................................295

Boiling Pot Reactor .....................................................................................299

Gibbs Reactor ..............................................................................................300

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Unit Reaction Definitions............................................................................302

Reactor, Batch..............................................................................................307

Solid Separator ............................................................................................308

Splitter...........................................................................................................309

Stream Calculator ........................................................................................311

SPEC/VARY/DEFINE....................................................................................315

SPECifications .............................................................................................315

Specification.................................................................................................317

Parameter .....................................................................................................317

Specification.................................................................................................317

Parameter .....................................................................................................317

Parameter .....................................................................................................317

VARYs...........................................................................................................317 Specification.................................................................................................318

DEFINE..........................................................................................................319

User-added Unit Operations.......................................................................331 Customized UAS Data Entry Window.......................................................334 Modular User-Added Unit Operations .......................................................335

Modular User-Added Utilities .....................................................................336 Detailed Information .................................................................................336

Simsci Add-on Modules..............................................................................341 SIMSCI POLYMER CSTR Unit Operation ................................................341 SIMSCI COMPONENT PROPERTY REPORTER Unit Operation ...........342 SIMSCI BLEND Unit Operation.................................................................342 SIMSCI RESET Unit Operation.................................................................343 SIMSCI Profimatics Reactor Unit Operations ...........................................344

Valve..............................................................................................................345

Wiped Film Evaporator................................................................................346

Chapter 10 Running and Viewing a Flowsheet ............................................347

Using the Run Palette..................................................................................347

Checking the Simulation Status.................................................................349 Understanding the Unit Color Coding Cues..............................................350

Running the Simulation ..............................................................................351 To begin executing the simulation:............................................................351

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Stepping Through Simulation Execution...................................................351 Stopping Simulation Execution..................................................................352 Using Breakpoints .....................................................................................352

Viewing Results ...........................................................................................354

Running a Case Study.................................................................................357 Viewing Case Study Results .....................................................................359

Running Files in Batch Mode .....................................................................359

Revising the File Execution Sequence Order...........................................363 Creating an Execution File List..................................................................363 Executing the Batch List............................................................................363 Viewing Output Results .............................................................................364

Chapter 11 Printing and Plotting ....................................................................366

Defining Output Reports.............................................................................366

Generating a Report ....................................................................................373

Plotting..........................................................................................................374

Chapter 12 Customizing the PFD Workplace................................................379

Changing Unit Style.....................................................................................379 Changing the Unit Icon for a Single Unit ...................................................381 Changing Stream Style .............................................................................382 Displaying Stream Properties on Stream Labels ......................................385 Tooltip property list ....................................................................................389 Modifying Drawing Preferences ................................................................390 Specifying a Default Editor ........................................................................390

Changing the Default Font ........................................................................391

Index.......................................................................................................................i

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Chapter 1Using PRO/IIThis chapter describes how to start and exit PRO/II. In addition, it reviews some

basic Windows features as they appear in PRO/II and briefly describes how touse them.

Before Starting PRO/II

If you have not yet installed PRO/II on your system, see the PRO/II PC/LANInstallation Guide.

If you do not see a PRO/II icon in a SIMSCI group window or in yourProgram/SIMSCI Start menu, see the troubleshooting section in the PRO/II

PC/LAN Installation Guide.

Compatibility with Previous Versions

This release of PRO/II can read simulation files created by previous versions ofPRO/II. When you open a simulation file created by a previous version, the file isautomatically converted to the current version and a copy of the original file issaved under a different name. For example, if you open G3.prz that was createdby PRO/II version 6, the converted file will be saved as “G3.prz” and a copy ofthe original file will be saved as “G3_v60.prz”.

Note: Some keyword input files that were created manually may include featuresthat are not supported by the PRO/II graphical user interface. PRO/II issues awarning when this occurs. For flowsheet execution, all features will be preservedif you choose either the Read Only or Run Batch mode. In all cases, if yousubsequently export the problem, all supported features will be lost. Theexported file will not include any of the unsupported features. Later import of theexported file will reveal that the unsupported features are missing. It is always prudent to make copies of your original files and to work only on copies of theoriginal files.

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Starting PRO/II

To start PRO/II:

Double-click on the PRO/II icon or launch from the Start menu. ThePRO/II welcome window appears. This window contains information onopening files and on the color codes used in the program.

Figure 1-1: The PRO/II Welcome Window

Click OK to exit the window. The PRO/II main window will appear.

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Figure 1-2: The PRO/II Main Window

You can now open a new simulation file (select File/New), open an existing file(select File/Open), or import a keyword file (select File/Import). See Chapter 3,Managing PFD Files, for additional details.

PRO/II Main Window Components

Component Description

Control Menu Box Displays a menu with commands for sizing, movingand closing the active window.

Title Bar Identifies the application and the name of the openfile; can be used to move the entire window.

Minimize Button Reduces the application window to an icon.

Maximize/RestoreButton

Enlarges a window to full screen or restores it to itsdefault size



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Using Border Handles

You can use the window border to change the size of the main window. Theborder works like a handle that you can grab with the cursor and drag to a newposition.

Using the Control Menu

In addition to the border handles, you can also

use the Control menu to Restore, Move, Size,

Minimize, or Maximize a window. Open the

Control menu by clicking the PRO/II icon at the

far left of the title bar or by pressing

.

Changing Window Position

You can change the position of the main window (or any pop-upwindow) by dragging the title bar.

Working with On-screen Color Coding Cues

PRO/II provides the standard visual cue (grayed out text and icons) for menuitems and toolbar buttons that are currently unavailable. In addition, PRO/II uses

colored borders liberally to indicate the current status of the simulation. You maycustomize the color coding by accessing the Set Colors window by selectingOptions/Colors… from the menu bar.

PRO/II On-Screen Color Codes

Color Significance

Red Required data Actions or data required of the user

Green Optional or default data

Blue Data supplied by user

Yellow Questionable data. A warning that the valuesupplied by user is outside the normal range.



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Color Significance

Gray Data field not available to user

Black Data entry not required

Using the Menus

The names of the PRO/II main menus appear on the menu bar. Use thesemenus to access most PRO/II operations.

Figure 1-3: File Menu

Figure 1-4: Edit Menu



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Figure 1-6: Output Menu

Figure 1-5: Input Menu

Figure 1-7: Tools Menu



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Figure 1-8: Draw Menu

Figure 1-10: Options Menu

Figure 1-9: View Menu

Figure 1-11: Window Menu

Figure 1-12: Help Menu



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Using the Floating Palettes

There are two floating palettes. The first contains the unit operations and streamsneeded to construct a flowsheet. The second contains controls used to run thesimulation. These palettes may be displayed or hidden by selectingView/Palettes from the menu bar.

Menu Item Description

View/Palettes/PFD Checking this option displays the PFD palettecontaining unit operations and streams (also knownas the Streams/Unit palette).

View/Palettes/Run Allows running the simulation and viewing results.This button is not initially visible on the tool bar.

Using the ToolbarToolbar buttons duplicate options available from the menus on the menu bar.Simply click a button to perform its function. Hovering the mouse cursor over abutton without clicking displays a tool tip that identifies the button. When PRO/IIis first installed, several groups of buttons are visible. Many others are available.

New, Open, Save, and Print Show or Hide PDF Palette Data Entry Window buttons (Input, Component Selection, etc.) Navigation Aids (Pan, Find Unit, Find Stream)

VLE Tool buttons Run/Results buttons Delete and View buttons Help button

Using the PFD Palette ButtonThis button is a toggle that hides or displays the floating PFD palette.

Button Menu Item Description

View/Palettes/PFD Displays or hides the PFD palette.



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Using the Data Entry Window Buttons

Each Data Entry Window button provides quick access to the main data entrywindow for the selected section of input.


Input/ProblemDescription

Describes the current simulation and relates itto a specific project.

Input/Units ofMeasure

Sets units of measure specific to thissimulation. Each new simulation extractsdefaults from the default Unit of Measure Set.

Input/ComponentSelection

Specifies the components and pseudocomponents for the current simulation.

Input/ComponentProperties

Supplies component properties.

Input/Thermo-dynamic Data

Selects thermodynamic methods for thecurrent simulation.

Input/AssayCharacterization

Modifies TBP cutpoints and characterizationoptions for generating pseudo componentsfrom Assay streams.

Input/ReactionData

Defines reactions and provides heat ofreaction, equilibrium, or kinetic data for

reaction sets.

Input/ProcedureData

Use this window to create or delete Procedureblocks in order to calculate kinetic reactionrates.

Input/CasestudyData

Allows users to perform studies on a basecase solution by altering parameters andrerunning.

Input/CalculationSequence

Specifies a user-defined calculationsequence.

Input/RecycleConvergence

Specifies user-defined recycle convergenceand acceleration options.



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-------- Runs the simulation

-------- Stops the simulation

Output/Data

Review WIndow

First, select any stream or unit on the

PFD. Pressing this button displays theresults of the selected PFD item.

-------- View Text Results Window. First, solvea simulation; then select any stream orunit on the PFD. Pressing this buttondisplays results for the selected itemsimilar to how they would appear in thecomplete output text report.

Output/GenerateText Report

Generates an output report for thesimulation problem.

-------- Select Active report allows choosingwhich pre-defined report is currentlyactive.

-------- Generates an output report suitable forviewing by using MicroSoft Excel.

Using Delete and View ButtonsPRO/II provides a Delete button and a set of View buttons on the toolbar thatfacilitate editing and viewing of the flowsheet. These buttons duplicate items

available on the Edit and View menus.


Edit/Delete or

Deletes the currently selected object(s) fromthe flowsheet.

Input/ToggleStream PropertyList

User can select a particular stream propertytable as the toggle stream property list.

View/Zoom/ZoomFull or

Displays the entire flowsheet in the PFDwindow.

View/Zoom/ZoomIn, Zoom Out

Zooms in or out of the flowsheet.

View/ Zoom/Zoom Area

Displays the selection rectangle used to selecta set of units, streams or objects on theflowsheet. The selected area fills the PFD.



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View/Zoom/Redrawor

Clears the PFD of any extraneous object byredrawing the flowsheet.

Using the Help ButtonThe What Is? Help button displays context-sensitive help.


What Is? Displays help for the object you point to.

Customizing the ToolbarButtons on the toolbar may be added, removed or rearranged by using the“Toolbar…” item on the View menu. Over 50 buttons are available.

Figure 1-13: Toolbar Customization from View menu

All items in the “Selected Items” list box from top to bottom appear in order left toright on the tool bar. Items in the “Available Items” list box do not appear on thetool bar.Use the Add, Add ALL, Delete, and Delete ALL buttons to move items betweenthe two list boxes as desired. To add an item to the tool bar,

Highlight an item in the “Available Items” list box. Use the Add button to move it to the “Selected Items” list box.

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Highlight an item in the “Selected Items” list box. Use the Delete button to move it to the “Available Items” list box.

To change the order of items on the tool bar,

Highlight an item in the “Selected Items” list box.

Use the Up, Down, Top, and Bottom buttons to change the position ofthe item in the list.

All changes take effect immediately after pressing OK.

Using the PRO/II Main Window

The PRO/II main window (PFD) is the main drawing board. You may place thefollowing objects on the PFD:

Unit operations from the PFD palette Stream connections Text Drawings Stream property tables

Use the PRO/II main window to see the contents of your simulation.You can choose to view the entire flowsheet or only a portion of it. You controlthe view using scroll bars, pan options, the zoom bar, or arrow keys.

Note: See Chapter 5, Manipulating Objects, for information about placing, selecting and changing the size of objects in the PFD.



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Chapter 2Simulation BasicsIn the previous chapter, you learned some of the basic window features of

PRO/II. In this chapter, you will learn simulation basics; that is, how to set upsimulation problems, solve them, and analyze the results.

General Approach

This chapter provides a quick overview of the use of PRO/II for solvingengineering problems. A suggested basic approach is given as well as helpfulexplanations of the information flow in PRO/II. Sample data entry windows aregiven to illustrate data entry for PRO/II. Step-by-step examples are available inthe PRO/II Tutorial Guide. Online help is also available.

You have already learned that PRO/II gives you great flexibility and numerousoptions when supplying simulation data. For many items of data, default valuesare supplied. A color code informs you when data are required, supplied bydefault, out of normal ranges, or missing.

Note: You must supply data for all red-bordered fields or red-linked text(including data required) before running your simulation.

Problem data may be supplied in almost any order: PRO/II warns you whenrequired data are missing. However, it is still best to follow a logical path whensupplying simulation data. For example, some options such as streamcompositions are dependent upon the components selected. Some unitoperations, such as the flash drum, have features that are dependent on thethermodynamic data. For some other unit operations, performance specificationsbased on the components in the system are the preferred way to define theoperation.

For these reasons, the following approach is recommended whenbuilding a simulation flowsheet.

Draw the Flowsheet

Select the unit operations needed for the flowsheet calculations and positionthem on the PRO/II PFD main window.

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Connect the Unit Operations with Streams

The streams are the connectors for the process calculations, with informationpassed from one unit operation to another via the process streams.

Define the Components in Your System

It is best to order the components in volatility order, starting with the lightestcomponent. This makes it easy to analyze the separations which occur in unitoperations such as distillation. While not a necessity, for hydrocarbon/watersystems, defining water as the first component is also a good idea. This makes iteasy to see the break between the aqueous and nonaqueous phases. User-defined petroleum pseudocomponents and/or polymer components for which yousupply data should be entered next. Petroleum pseudocomponents generated byPRO/II from petroleum stream assay data will appear last in the component listsof the output reports.

Select the Thermodynamic and Transport Property Methods

For many problems, a system may be selected from the Most Commonly Usedthermodynamic methods. Guidelines for thermodynamic methods are provided inthe PRO/II online help, and in the PRO/II Reference Manual (both in online helpand in hardcopy forms). Further assistance is available through SIMSCI –ESSCOR Technical Support. Selecting a proper thermodynamic method is acritically important step in the solution of a simulation problem.

Supply Data for the Feed Streams and Recycle Streams

You must supply thermal conditions, flowrates, and compositions for all externalfeed streams to the flowsheet. It is usually desirable, although not necessary, toprovide estimated data for recycle streams to speed convergence of recyclecalculations.

Supply Operating Conditions for the Unit Operations

Double-click the icon for each unit operation to access the data entry windows.The color codes tell you what data you must supply and what data have defaultvalues. You may also use the online help to learn more about the calculationoptions, data entry items, etc., for each unit operation.

A quick review is also a good idea at this point. Do the thermodynamic methodssupport the unit operation calculations? Are transport properties required for anyof the unit operations?



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Run the Process Simulation

PRO/II lets you know, by color code, when sufficient information has beensupplied to perform the calculations. When all of the borders on the toolbar

icons have changed from red (indicating missing data) to green or blue, you areready to run your simulation. At this point, you may click the Run (right arrow)

icon on the toolbar or the Run button on the floating Run palette to begin theflowsheet calculations.

Analyze the Simulation Results

Use the many convenient report and plotting features of PRO/II to analyze thesimulation results. At this point, your training as an engineer should take charge.

Are the results reasonable? How do the results compare with the plant data?Can differences be reconciled? Are better data for the feedstocks needed? Arethe models adequate for the intended purposes?

Now that we have presented an overall plan for simulating a flowsheet, let’s lookat some of the individual steps in more detail.

Building the Flowsheet

Unit Operations

Use the floating PFD palette to begin building the flowsheet. The icons and

names for the unit operations appear as buttons on the PFD palette. To add aunit operation to the flowsheet, click the unit icon on the PFD palette and click-drop it at the desired location on the flowsheet.

Streams

Click the Streams button on the top of the floating PFD palette. The PFD is nowin stream mode and a small “S” is attached to the cursor. You will notice that allpossible exit ports for each unit operation are now marked. Required outlet portsare colored in red; green is used to mark optional ports. PRO/II adds each

stream to the flowsheet in an orthogonal manner, following a rectangular gridpattern.

As soon as a valid flowsheet has been built, i.e., all required inlet, outlet, andconnector streams have been added for all the process units, the red borderaround the Streams button on the PFD palette changes to blue.



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Required Data

Now that the flowsheet has been built, it’s time to supply the required data for thecalculations: the components and thermodynamic methods must be defined, inletfeed streams and, optionally, recycle streams must be supplied, and the

operating conditions for the unit operations must be specified.

Components

To define the components, select Input/Component Selection from the menu baror click on the benzene ring toolbar icon to open the Component Selection mainwindow. Note that this icon has a red border, indicating that components havenot yet been defined.

Library components for which the library access names are known may bedirectly typed into this window, where they are transferred to the List of SelectedComponents for the problem. A convenient search procedure is also providedwhich may be used by clicking Select From Lists… . Petroleum (PETRO)components are defined in the Petroleum Components window, which is reachedby clicking Petroleum…. Non-library components can be defined in the User-defined window which is reached by clicking User-defined….

Note that petroleum pseudocomponents defined by PRO/II from petroleumstream assay data do not appear in the Component Selection main window.

Thermodynamic Methods

Thermodynamic methods are defined in the Thermodynamic Data main windowwhich is reached by selecting Input/Thermodynamic Data fromthe menu bar or by clicking on the phase diagram icon. Note that this icon isinitially outlined in red, indicating that thermodynamic methods must be definedfor the problem.

For most problems, a predefined set of thermodynamic methods for calculatingK-values, enthalpies, entropies, and densities may be used. PRO/II offersnumerous Categories of method sets. After a category has been selected, youmay select a method set within that category as a Defined System for theproblem and modify it by clicking Modify… to access the ThermodynamicSystem-Modification window. Note that transport property calculations are not



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included in the predefined method sets. If they are required for the problem, youmust add them to the predefined thermodynamic method set in this window.

Stream Information

The identifiers for feed streams requiring input data are marked with red bordersindicating that information is missing. Stream information is supplied in the

Stream Data main data entry window which is reached by double-clicking astream identifier. The predefined stream identifier may also be changed in thiswindow.

Three types of information must be supplied in this window: the thermal conditionof the stream, the flowrate for the stream, and the composition of the stream. Forpetroleum assay streams, the assay data are provided instead of the compositiondata, and PRO/II defines the stream composition for you in terms of petroleumpseudocomponents.

Although optional, it is good practice to provide reasonable estimates for recycle

tear streams in order to accelerate convergence of problem recycle calculations.

Unit Operations

Unit operation identifiers for which data entries are needed are marked with redborders. To enter information for a unit operation, double-click its icon to retrievethe Unit data entry window. Various input options and numeric values aresupplied via this parent window and its child windows. Required information isalways bordered in red; data entry fields for items with supplied defaults arealways bordered in green. After you have supplied information in a data entry

field, the border color changes to blue. Information you have supplied which liesoutside the normal range for the field is marked with a yellow border.

You may also change the default unit identifier in this window and furnish alonger, more descriptive name for the unit operation. Notice that when you returnto the flowsheet, the unit identifier on the PFD has a black instead of red border,signifying that all data entry requirements are satisfied. If the border is still red,you must return to the data entry window for that unit operation and supply themissing data.

Miscellaneous Data

All data entries in this category are optional. PRO/II provides default entries. Insome cases, global values may be used to supply the defaults, as explained inChapter 4, Building a Flowsheet .



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Miscellaneous data categories include problem descriptive information, thecalculation sequence, recycle convergence options, flowsheet tolerances, andthe scaling of product streams.

Problem descriptive information is optional; however, it can be beneficial todocument a simulation model for future users. This information includes a projectname, problem name, user name, date, site, and problem description. This

information is supplied in the Problem Descriptive Information window, which isaccessed by clicking the toolbar icon with the printed page icon or byselecting Input/Problem Description from the menu bar.

For most problems, the calculation order determined by PRO/II is satisfactory. To

supply your own sequence, click the toolbar icon with the two connectedflowsheet blocks or select the Input/Calculation Sequence from the menu bar .

Definitions of recycle loops are automatic. To define your own loops, or to use

acceleration techniques, click the toolbar icon with the flowsheet loop icon toenter the Problem Recycle Convergence and Acceleration Options window orselect the Input/Recycle Convergence from the menu bar.

Flowsheet tolerances are used for convergence of unit operation specificationsand may be changed in the Default Unit Specification Tolerances window, whichis reached by choosing Input/Flowsheet Tolerances from the menu bar.

All flowsheet results may be scaled so that a desired flow is obtained for aproduct stream. To use the scaling feature, select the Output/ReportFormat/Miscellaneous Dat a. Click Product StreamScaling… on the

Miscellaneous Report Options window to access the Scale Stream Flowratewindow.

Default Data

To simplify data input, PRO/II supplies default options and values whereverpractical. Default values supplied by PRO/II are printed in black in a data entryfield with a green border, or in the case of linked text, in green. For example, thedefault number of iterations for a column unit operation using the IO method issupplied as 15. Entries which you must always supply are indicated with a color

red because they have no default values.

While you do not need to replace a default entry to satisfy the input requirementfor PRO/II, default data should be inspected carefully to ascertain that they meetyour requirements. When you replace a default value, the border color for thedata entry field changes to blue, indicating that you have supplied this value. For



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linked-text strings, the color of the linked text is also changed to blue, indicatingthat you have replaced the default value.

Optional Data

Optional data, which are displayed in black, are data or options not specificallynecessary for the unit operations to proceed. For example, the Description entryis optional for all unit operations. A reboiler is optional for the Column unitoperation, since the calculation requirements may also be satisfied by a vaporfeed to the bottom tray of the column.

Data options which do not apply to a particular combination of input data appearin the color gray, and are not available for data entry. For example, when thekettle reboiler option is selected for a column reboiler, the data entry fields for athermosiphon reboiler are colored gray.



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Chapter 3Managing PFD FilesThis chapter describes how to open, save, close, delete and copy simulation

files. In addition, this chapter outlines how to import a PRO/II keyword input file orexport a flowsheet.

Opening a New Simulation

When you start PRO/II, the program does not automatically bring up a new,untitled simulation.

Note: If you want PRO/II always to open with a new simulation, select

Options/New File on Startup from the menu bar.

To open a new simulation:

Choose File/New. . . from the menu bar. PRO/II clears the main windowfor a new simulation and opens the initial viewport window, View 1.

Figure 3-1: PRO/II Main Window

Chapter 3 Managing PFD Files 23


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Opening an Existing Simulation

You can open any previously saved simulation for modification, viewing orprinting. PRO/II opens the flowsheet file and its supporting PRO/II database files.

To open an existing simulation:

Choose File/Open... from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the OpenSimulation window.

Figure 3-2: Open Simulation Window

Type or select the name of the simulation file. Click Open or press . PRO/II displays the simulation in the PFD

main window.

Note: PRO/II 7.x provides a file converter for import of PRO/II 4.x files with theexception of Add-On Module files.



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Saving the Current Simulation

Before you close a simulation, you should save it. You may also want to save thesimulation periodically while creating it.

To save the current simulation:

Choose File/Save from the menu bar. If you have not previously savedthis simulation, PRO/II displays the Save As window.

Note: PRO/II 5.x automatically compresses the three PRO/II databasefiles (*.pr1, *.pr2, *.pr3) and the simulation flow diagram file (*.sfd) into asingle *.prz file. Beside reducing the size of stored files, PRO/II filecompression assures that a complete set of files for each simulation hasbeen saved.

Figure 3-3: Save As Dialog

Type a name for this simulation. Click Save or press .

Note: The PRO/II Autosave functionality automatically creates a backup file atuser-specified intervals from which recovery can be made. If you close or exit thesimulation without saving, this backup file is deleted. Select Options/SimulationDefaults/Autosave… from the menu bar to access the Autosave Options window.



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Saving a Simulation to Another Name

You can save a simulation to another name. Changes you made to thesimulation since the last save are saved as part of the simulation, under its newname.

Note: If you’ve made changes to a simulation and don’t want to alter the original

simulation, but do want to keep the changes, use Save As.

To save the current simulation to another file name:

Choose File/Save As... from the menu bar.

PRO/II prompts you for a new file name.

Type a name for the simulation.

Click Save or press .

PRO/II appends a .PRZ extension to the filename.

Closing a Simulation

You should save a simulation before closing it, although PRO/II will prompt you

to save changes for an existing simulation.

To close a simulation:

Choose File/Close from the menu bar.

If you close a simulation without first saving the simulation files, you lose anychanges you made to the simulation since the last save.



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Deleting a Simulation

You can delete any simulation except the current (active) simulation at any time.

To delete a simulation file:

Choose File/Delete... from the menu bar. PRO/II displays a list of existingPRO/II simulation files.

Figure 3-4: List of Files

Type or select the name of the file you want to delete. (You may notdelete the current simulation.)

Click Open or press . PRO/II deletes all files associated with thissimulation.



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Copying a Simulation

You can copy all files associated with a simulation (one flowsheet and threedatabase files) to a target simulation you name. You can copy to new or existingfile. If you copy to an existing file, PRO/II verifies if you want to overwrite theexisting file.

To copy a simulation file:

Choose File/Copy... from the menu bar. This opens the dialog illustratedin Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5: Copying Files

Select the name of the file you want to copy from the file selector. (Youmay not copy the current simulation.)

Enter a name for the copy (target).

Click Open or press .

PRO/II copies all files associated with the simulation.

Note: There may be as many as 17 separate files associated with a singlesimulation problem. These are described in Table 3-1.



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Table 3-1: PRO/II Simulation Files

File Extension Description

*.pr1, *.pr2, *.pr3 PRO/II database files

*.sfd Graphics file

*.prz Compressed files containing *.pr1,*.pr2, *.pr3 and *.sfd files

*.out Main output file

*.ot1 Component, calculation sequence,recycle loops/streams output data

*.ot3 Equipment/streams output data

*.sr1 Input source listing

*.ix3 Output index

*.hs2 Calculation history

*.inp Keyword input file

*.plt Plots saved in the plot display window

*.txt Stream property table or plot (saved in ASCII format)

*.csv Stream property table or plot (saved intabular format)

*.clp Graphics saved in Clipboard format

*.prc Temporary procedure file created andremoved by PRO/II. Only remains ifthere is an abnormal termination.



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Importing a PRO/II Keyword Input File

You can import an existing PRO/II keyword input file into the PRO/II graphicaluser interface and then execute the simulation problem just as if you had enteredthe problem using the PFD graphical main window. PRO/II automaticallyconverts the specified keyword input file into a flowsheet and displays it in thePFD window.

Note: In the previous versions, PFD layout was retained within the *.prz file. Inthe current version, *.sfd file will be generated, when a simulation (PFD) is savedand exported. After the generation of *.sfd file, users can restore the PFD layoutusing *.inp file.

To import a PRO/II keyword input file:

Choosing File/Import from the menu bar.

PRO/II displays a list of existing keyword input files.

Figure 3-6: List of Files

Type or select the name of the keyword file that you want to import. Click Open or press .

PRO/II converts the selected keyword input file into a flowsheet and displays it inthe PFD main window automatically.



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Keyword Features without PRO/II GUI support

The RESTART feature is not supported by the graphical user interface in thisversion of PRO/II. You will not be allowed to import keyword files that contain thisfeature.

If a RESTART keyword is detected upon import, you will be reminded that onlythe “Run Batch” feature of PRO/II may be used with these keyword input files.See Chapter 10, Running and Viewing a Flowsheet, for information on runningkeyword files in “Batch” mode.

Keyword Features Imported in “Run-Only” Mode

Certain keyword features are not fully supported by the graphical user interfaceof PRO/II. However, if one of these unsupported features is detected, you will beallowed to import the keyword file, however the GUI interface will operate in the“Run-Only” mode. Such unsupported keywords include:

BVLE Data Stream Report Writer Hydrate Unit Operation HEXTRAN Property Data Generator.

If you attempt to import a keyword input file that contains PRO/II programfeatures not supported by the graphical user interface, the unsupported featureswill be automatically listed in a status window. You have the option to save ordelete the unsupported features. If you choose to save the unsupported features,PRO/II will run the file in Run-Only Mode.

In “Run-Only” mode, you can:

• Review and modify the PFD graphic image. You may move unitoperation icons and streams around to improve the appearance of yourPFD.

• Add drawing elements to the PFD.• Add stream property tables to the PFD.• Have access to all the capabilities on the Run palette (perform all

interactive execution functions available on the Run palette for bothsupported/unsupported units, review the calculated results on the PFD

for all streams and supported/unsupported units, generate output reportsfor all features, generate plots for supported features only).

• Export the flowsheet and stream property table information to otherWindows applications.

• Edit the keyword file, reimport, and rerun (without leaving PRO/II).• Use the stream flash icon.



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In “Run-Only” mode, you cannot:

• View simulation data with the data entry windows. This includesComponent and Thermodynamic data. Double-clicking on a unitoperation or stream will cause a short warning message to be displayed.

• Perform any input mode functions, including changing the calculationsequence. All buttons and menu options that access simulation data willbe disabled.

• Perform any of the following functions: adding/deleting units,adding/deleting streams, and reconnecting streams.

• Export the PRO/II keyword input file.

If you import a keyword file containing unsupported features, one or moremessages dialogs appear. These describe the problems and provide options forremedial action. The following display is typical:

Figure 3-7: Typical Unsupported Features Warning Window

After responding to each unsupported feature dialog, the message windowdisplays messages similar to the following:

** MESSAGE ** A single STREAM that FEEDS MORE THANONE UNIT operation is NOT SUPPORTED byPROVISION. Referencing streams may be used instead.

** MESSAGE ** Duplicate stream 8 feeding X1 is renamed to8_R1 and is referenced to the first instance of 8.

Figure 3-8: Flowsheet Status Window for Unsupported Features

Removing all unsupported features in the dialog boxes allows PRO/II to start

normally. However, leaving even one unsupported feature present results inPRO/II operating in “Run-Only” mode. The Title bar of the main PFD windowreveals this condition, as illustrated in Figure 3-9.



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Figure 3-9: PRO/II in “Run-only” Mode

Click Run on the Run palette.

Once the flowsheet solves, you may double-click a unit or stream to view theresults.

Exporting Simulation Data to a PRO/II Keyword File

Exporting the current PRO/II simulation flowsheet to a keyword input file is

simple, as follows:

Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export window which lists the data export options. Refer to Figure 3-10.

Figure 3-10: Available Data Export Options



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Note: In the current version, a *.sfd file is generated when the simulation(PFD) is saved and exported. After generation of the *.sfd file, users canrestore the PFD layout using the (exported) *.inp file.

Choose the Simulation Data to Keyword File option. Click OK .

PRO/II converts the current simulation flowsheet data into a PRO/II keywordinput file in ASCII format. The name of the keyword file will be YYY.INP, whereYYY.PR1 is the name of the simulation flowsheet PRO/II database file.

Exporting Simulation Data to a Keyword File

This selection opens a special Save As dialog window that allows exporting theinput data of the simulation to an ".inp" keyword input file.

Navigate to the destination drive and directory of choice using the SaveIn: field.

Enter the name of the output file in the File Name: field. Press the Save button to complete the operation.

The exported keyword file then may be imported into any compatible version ofthe PRO/II program to rerun the simulation, even on another computer. Keywordfiles also are a very compact way to archive the data. Note that the keyword filecontains all the appropriate data sections (General, Thermodynamics, etc.).

In v6.0 and later, the "Simulation Data to Keyword File" option is expanded toinclude check boxes to control exporting stream and column solution data to thekeyword file.

If output data exists, even if the solution is unconverged, the two "Include" checkboxes are enabled (See figure 3-10). If the Run command was never executed,or not executed since the last time "Restore Input Data" was performed, thesecheckboxes are disabled.

Test for Convergence

When the user selects either or both of the "Include" check boxes (Figure 3-10),upon "OK" the first thing PRO/II does is test for convergence. If the solution is in

an unconverged state, PRO/II displays a message box to warn the user that thedata being written to the keyword file is unconverged.

Clicking "Yes" continues to the file name selection common dialog. "No" returnsthe user to the Export window.



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Note: Beginning with PRO/II version 5.5, exported flowsheets write all unitoperations in the flowsheet to the keyword file. Previously, for keyword input filesthat include a User-Defined Sequence List, only unit operations listed in theSequence List were exported.

This change was necessary to support the new Included/ Excluded functionality.PRO/II now generates a SEQUENCE statement with a list of Available Unit

Operations that excludes unit operations marked Excluded at the time of export. Additionally in these instances, PRO/II writes a warning into the keyword fileadvising that the list of unit operations and the SEQUENCE statement do notmatch. These files may cause input processing problems if read into earlierversions of PRO/II (i.e., versions prior to 5.5).

Exporting the Flowsheet Drawing to the Clipboard

You can export part or all of the flowsheet drawing to the Clipboard. You canthen paste this drawing into other Windows applications.

To export the entire flowsheet drawing to the Clipboard:

Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export window (Figure 3-10).

Choose the Flowsheet Drawing option. Click OK .

To export one page of the flowsheet to the Clipboard:

Select the page to export by clicking on its edge on the PFD.

Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Expor twindow (Figure 3-10).

Choose the Selected Page of Flowsheet Drawing option. Click OK .

Exporting Stream or Unit Operation Property Table Data

You can export the information in a stream property table or a unit operationproperty table to an ASCII file. The file subsequently may be imported intospreadsheet and word processing applications.

To export data from a stream or unit operation property table:

Select the property table to export (select it on the PFD). Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10).



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Choose the Stream / Unit Op Property Table option. Click OK . The Export File Filter window will appear (see Figure 3-11). Enter a name for the Output Fil e. Select the desired file format (tab-delimited or comma-delimited) from the

Save File as Type drop-down list box. Click OK.

Figure 3-11: Export File Filter Window

PRO/II then generates the ASCII file. To import this file into your spreadsheet orword processing program, follow the instructions included with that application.

Exporting the PFD to an AutoCAD or PostScript FileYou can export your flowsheet drawing as an AutoCAD .DXF or EncapsulatedPostScript (.EPS) file:

Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Exportwindow (Figure 3-10).

Choose one of the following options Flowsheet to AutoCAD .DXF Flowsheet to AutoCAD DesignXML

Flowsheet to Post-Script Click OK . The Save As window appears. Enter a name for the .DXF or .EPS file. Click Save to export the data to the file.



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Exporting Tag Data to a File

All tagged data in the simulation can be exported to a plain text (ASCII)file for later use in other applications.

Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Exportwindow (Figure 3-10).

Choose Tag data to file

Click OK . The Save As window appears. Enter a name for the *.RAW file. Click Save to export the data to the file.

Export Data to Excel Using Spreadsheet Tools

Spreadsheet tools are Excel template files and macros that can read informationin the PRO/II simulation database to generate reports or perform additional on-the-spot calculations. They can also update data in the simulation database itself

using data from an Excel spreadsheet.

They offer functionality similar to the export functions described earlier, butexport data directly to Microsoft Excel instead of to a disk file. EachTools/Spreadsheet menu item can be used to start a spreadsheet tool.

From the Tools menu, choose Spreadsheet . The list of currently installedtools will appear in a side menu.

Click the desired tool to export data and automatically launch Excel.

Note: Microsoft Excel must be installed on your system to use these tools.

Additionally, since these tools use macros to export the data, macros must beenabled in Excel. If Excel displays a security dialog, choose “Enable macros”.

PRO/II comes pre-installed with some default spreadsheet tools. They can beused to create tables of stream properties, component flowrates, or distillationreports. They also can generate property tables and other reports for a limitednumber of supported unit operations.

Copying Property Table Data to the Clipboard



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You can copy the information in a stream or unit operation property table to theclipboard. This table can then be pasted into any other Windows application.

To copy a property table to the Clipboard:

Select the stream or unit operation property table on the PFD. Choose Edit/Copy from the menu bar.

Copy/Paste Stream Data in an Excel Sheet

Use this option to copy and paste the stream data to and from an Excel sheet.This will enable the user to enter and analyze the data with much ease.Thefeature has been implemented to all dialog boxes, where the data is representedin XY grid. XY grid has the following properties:

• The grid origin is numbered 0.0.

• The X and Y axis divide the grid into 4 quadrants.• Display any grid variable as a distinct value per cell or smoothly varying.• No duplicate values are allowed.

Note: Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X can be used a shortcut to COPY, PASTE and CUTrespectively.



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Chapter 4Building a FlowsheetThis chapter describes how to construct a flowsheet. It begins by describing the

various defaults that may apply to your simulation on a global, simulation, or unitlevel. This chapter also includes instructions for placing unit operations,connecting units, and drawing objects that enhance the presentation of yourflowsheet without affecting calculations.

Setting Simulation Preferences

PRO/II enables you to set global defaults for problem descriptions information,units of measure and thermodynamic systems. These global defaults apply to allsimulations unless you specifically override them either for a particular simulation

or unit operation.

On a simulation level, you can set problem-specific input and output units ofmeasure defaults. Simulation level settings override global defaults. In addition,you can change units of measure settings for a specific unit. This settingoverrides both simulation and global defaults.

Setting Problem Description Global Defaults

The Problem Description Information (Project Identifier, Problem Identifier, User

Name, Dat e, Sit e) appears on each page of a results printout as a heading andthe Problem Description itself appears on the first page. All simulations use theglobal problem descriptive information unless you override the defaults for aparticular simulation.

To set problem description global defaults:

Choose Options/Simulation Defaults from the menu bar. Choose Problem Description. The Global Default for Problem Descriptive

Information window appears.

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Figure 4-1: Global Default for Problem Descriptive Information

Complete the window. Click OK .

Overriding the Global Default Problem Description

Before laying down your flowsheet, you may want to update the problemdescription for the current simulation. PRO/II uses the global defaults for allsimulations, unless you specifically override the data for a particular simulation.

To override the global default problem definition:

Click Problem Description or choose Input/Problem Description fromthe menu bar. The Problem Descriptive Information window appears.

You can enter up to ten problem description lines (80 characters each), that willappear on the first page of a results printout.

Setting Units of Measure Global Defaults

By default, PRO/II uses the English units of measure set for all input data and foroutput reports. These defaults apply to all new simulations. You can override thedefault set for either input data or output reports (or both) for all new simulations.PRO/II maintains a library of units of measure sets that you can select from andadd to.



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To set the units of measure for the current simulation:

Click Input Units of Measure or choose Input/Units of Measure fromthe menu bar. The Default Units of Measure for Problem Data Inputwindow appears.

Figure 4-3: Default Units of Measure for Problem Data Input Window

Select different dimensional units for data input for each individualcategory or choose Initialize from UOM Library... to automatically fill inthe defaults from another set.

Click Standard Vapor Conditions... to enter the Problem Standard VaporCondition window. The default temperature and pressure basis areshown in the data entry fields and may be replaced or the standard vaporvolume per mole may be replaced, not both. PRO/II default values are:

Temperature Pressure Vapor Volume

English 60 °F 14.696 psia 379.48 ft3

/lbmol

Metric 0°C 1.0332 kg/cm2

22.414 m3 /kgmol

SI 273.15 K 101.32 kpa 22.414 m3 /kgmol



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The current atmospheric pressure (Pressure Gauge Basi s) is shown in a dataentry field and may be replaced with another value as desired. The PRO/IIdefault value is 14.696 psia or the metric equivalent.

Click TVP and RVP Conditions... to select the Problem TVP and RVPConditions window. The temperature for true vapor pressurespecifications may be replaced in this window. The PRO/II default for

TVP calculations is 10 °F. The calculation method for Reid vaporpressure may be selected in a drop-down list box on this window.Choices are:

API Naphtha (the default) API Crude ASTM D323-73 ASTM D323-82 ASTM D4593-91 ASTM D5191-91 ASTM D323-94

Click OK .

Units of Measure Library

A library of dimensional unit sets which may be used for data entry or reportwriting is maintained with this feature. To add a new set to the library or to edit anexisting set:

Select Options/Units of Measure List from the menu bar.

The Units of Measure Library window appears and may be used to create, copy,edit, rename, and delete dimensional unit sets. The Units of Measure Set Nameand Description list box contains the names of the dimensional unit sets currentlyin the library. The program provides three initial dimensional unit sets: English(the default), Metric, and SI.

To create a new set:

Click Create... on the Units of Measure Library window to get the CreateUnits of Measure Set window.



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Figure 4-4: Units of Measure Library

Supply a name for the new set in the data entry field provided, and selectthe basis for the set with the appropriate radio button: English, Metric, orSI.

Figure 4-5: Create Units of Measure Set Window

Click OK to continue.

The units for the standard dimensional unit sets in PRO/II are assigned to thenew set and the edit feature may be used to customize the set.

Note: An alternate way to create a new set is to highlight an existing set in theUnits of Measure Set Name and Description list box and click Copy on the Units



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of Measure Library window. The name for the new set is then entered in theCopy Units of Measure Set window. The Edit feature may be used to customizethe set.

To delete, rename or edit a set:

Select the set in the Units of Measure Set Name and Description list box.

Click the Delete, Rename, or Edit button on the Units of Measure Librarywindow.

Editing the Dimensional Unit Sets for Output Reports

A dimensional unit set for output reports may be edited in two places in PRO/II:

1. Library sets are edited with the Edit... feature in the Units of Measure Librarywindow.

2. The set being used for the current problem is edited in the Default Units of

Measure of the Problem Output Report which is accessible from the PFD mainwindow by:

Selecting the Output menu on the menu bar. Selecting the Report Format from the Output menu. Selecting Units of Measure from the Report Format menu.Editing of the

dimensional items is identical for these two windows.

The dimensional unit set for the output report is initialized from the global set, aspreviously explained. However, a different set may be chosen from the units ofmeasure library while in the Default Units of Measure for Problem Output Report

window. To use a different dimensional unit set:

Click nitialize from UOM Library... The Initialize Units of Measure fromUOM Library window appears.

Select the desired set from the drop-down list box. Click OK to continue. This set now becomes the output report set. The

newly selected output report set may be edited in this window as desired.The edited set is saved with the problem.

The Print Option for output reports may also be selected using the OutputReport(s) to be Printed drop-down list box where options are:

One Output Report in Input Units (the default): When this option is selected,an output report based on the units of measure used for the problem data inputwill be generated. The currently specified input units of measure will be displayedfor informational purposes, but they cannot be changed. With this option, the



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output units of measure can only be changed by selecting the Units of Measureoption from the Input menu.

One Output Report in Output Units: When this option is selected, an outputreport based on the output units of measure specified will be generated. Thecurrently specified output units of measure will be displayed, and they can bechanged if desired.

Two Output Reports, one in Input Units, one in Output Units:When this option is selected, two output reports will be generated, one each,based on the input and specified output units of measure will be generated. Thecurrently specified output units of measure will be displayed, and they can bechanged if desired.

For the second and third cases discussed above, the displayed output units ofmeasure set can be copied from the specified input units, or initialized from oneof the units of measure sets stored in the units of measure library.

To copy the input units of measure set to be used for the output report, orto reset the explicitly specified output units to the previously specifiedinput units:

Click Copy from Input UOM on the Default Units of Measure for ProblemOutput Report window.


To initialize the output units of measure set from a units of measure setstored in the units of measure library:

Click Initialize from UOM Library... on the Default Units of Measure forProblem Output Report window.


If the results of a previously executed simulation must be printed in a different setof dimensional units, it is only necessary to select the required units through thisfeature and generate a new report. The entire simulation need not be executedfrom the start just to obtain the output results in a different set of dimensionalunits.



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Setting Thermodynamic System Global Defaults

To set the thermodynamic system global defaults:

Choose Simulation Defaults from the Options menu. Choose Thermodynamic System. The Global Default Thermodynamic

System window appears.

Figure 4-6: Global Default Thermodynamic System Window

Complete the window. Click OK .

Note: This global default will not become effective until the next time File/New isselected.

Setting General Drawing Defaults

PRO/II allows you to change the appearance of your workplace through theGeneral Drawing Defaults window. You can set the snap and move tolerances,zoom and pan increments, the PFD palette icon, icon fill, unit snapping, and

delete confirmation. The defaults, shown below in Figure 4-7, are appropriate formost scenarios and you may never need to make changes in this window.



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To make changes to the general drawing defaults:

Choose Options/Drawing Defaults/General... from the menu bar.

Figure 4-7: General Drawing Defaults Window

Changing Delete Confirmation

By default, PRO/II prompts you to confirm each delete operation. You may wantto change this default setting.

To turn delete confirmation off:

Within the General Drawing Defaults window, uncheck Confirm Deletesto turn the option off.

Setting Global Flowsheet Tolerances

Use this option to identify the acceptable margins of error and criteria forsatisfying certain numerical methods. Some flowsheet tolerances, such as thetolerance for flash calculations, are internal and are not user-definable. Thedefault flowsheet tolerances are satisfactory for most problems.



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Selecting a Unit from the PFD Palette

To select a unit icon and place it on your flowsheet:

Choose the icon from the PFD palette (see Chapter 9 for unitdescriptions).

Position the cursor where you want the unit icon to appear and click theleft mouse button.

Figure 4-9: Placing a Unit

Snapping

When connecting two units with a stream PRO/II will adjust or “snap” the uniticon positions to straighten the connecting stream. By default, units you add to ormove in the PFD main window snap to an invisible grid. You can turn gridsnapping off.

To turn grid snapping off:

Choose Drawing Defaults from the Options menu. Select General .

Select Unit Snapping. The disappears from the Unit Snapping checkbox.



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Placing Multiple Unit Icons

You can place a series of unit icons in succession.

To place more than one unit at a time:

Select the desired unit from the floating PFD palette. Press , and while holding down , click on the PFD main

window to place the icon. While still holding down click on the PF

User Guide HYSYS

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