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p. 87 Atmosphere and Weather 8th Grade ISN

Objective: I will identify the components and

importance of the atmosphere.

Use words and illustrations to brainstorm

words associated with air or the atmosphere.

Glue the data table below. Get a pair of goggles.


Components & Importance of the Atmosphere

Atmosphere—The blanket of gases that surrounds Earth

Weather --is the daily condition of the Earth’s atmosphere in one place at one

time

deals with exact measurements

Composition

a. 78% Nitrogen

b. 21% Oxygen

1. Ozone—3 oxygen atoms

2. Released by plant photosynthesis

c. Carbon dioxide & other fuels

1. Burning fossil fuels increases CO2 in the air

d. Water vapor

1. varies greatly and it is an important weather factor.

e. particles

Importance of Earth’s atmosphere:

1. Traps energy from the sun and warms Earth

2. Heat allows water to be in liquid form

3. Protects living things from radiation

4. Prevents surface from being hit by most meteoroids.


Objective: I will identify layers of the

atmosphere.

Watch a video clip on the atmosphere. List

and describe a layer of the atmosphere.

Create a mnemonic to help you remember the

order of the layers of the atmosphere.


Layers of the Earth Foldable


Objective: I will identify properties of air.

Properties of Air mini-labs

Activity Observations

1. Balloon in flask

2. Balloon and straw in flask

Look at a barometer. Draw and label what it

looks like. Fill in the data chart for the rest of

the week. Air pressure

Date and Time inches of Hg millibars Weather conditions

1.

2.

3.


Three Properties of Air p 516-520 Discovery DVD viewing:

1. Mass (amount of matter)

2. Density—amount of mass in a given volume

1. Air is denser at lower altitudes

3. Air pressure—weight of volume of air pushing down.

1. Pushes in all directions

2. Air pressure is greater at lower altitudes

3. Measured with a barometer in units:

inches of mercury or millibars

Air pressure decreases as altitude increases.

As air pressure decreases, so does density.

Higher air pressure gives fair, dry weather

Lower pressure indicates cloudy, rainy weather


Objective: I will identify how heat is transferred in Earth’s atmosphere.

Watch the brainpop on heat and temperature. Record one fact from

each video.

1.

2.

Read pages 550-551 in your textbook. Illustrate and explain how

Earth’s atmosphere is heated.


Heat in the atmosphere p. 550

Temperature—average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a

substance.

Heat—transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one.

• Radiation -A way in which energy is transferred from place to place in the form of a wave. • Process by which energy travels across space.

• Convection - The movement heat by currents in liquids or gases. • The process of heat transfer through fluids by means of rising currents.

• Conduction - The transfer of heat energy through a substance or from one substance to another by direct contact

Convection currents—upward movement of warm air and downward movement

of cool air


Objective: I will identify what causes wind.

Record today’s weather. Be sure to include temperature, barometric

pressure, wind speed, and wind direction.

Draw a diagram labeling the global winds and their position on Earth.

Describe each wind.


Winds p 552-558

Wind—horizontal movement of air from area of high pressure to area of low pressure.

Caused by:

differences in air pressure due to the unequal heating of the Earth’s surface!

Winds form when the sinking, colder air moves in to fill in the gaps left by the

rising warmer air

Measured with: anemometer or wind meter (speed) and a wind vane (direction)

Types:

1. Local breezes

Sea breeze—wind comes in from sea to land during the day

Landbreeze—wind moves from land to sea @ night

2. Global winds

• Created by giant convection currents

1. Warm air rises from Equator 3. Cold air sinks from poles

2. Air moves to poles 4. Air moves to Equator

Coriolis Effect —Earth’s rotation deflects air from N-S to E-W

• In the N. Hemisphere, winds curve to the right

• In the S. Hemisphere, winds curve to the left


Objective: I will identify how moisture affects the atmosphere.

Record the weather. Include temperature, barometric

pressure, wind speed, and wind direction.

Date dry bulb temp wet bulb temp difference dew point relative humidity

Use a psychrometer to measure relative humidity. Illustrate it

below, label the parts, and describe how it is used to determine

relative humidity.


Moisture in the Atmosphere

Water cycle—movement of water between atmosphere & surface

Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff

Humidity-- amount of water molecules in the air

Warmer air holds more water molecules

Colder air holds less water molecules

Relative humidity --amount of water air is holding at a certain temperature compared

to what it could possibly hold at that temperature

It is measured by a percentage (%)

TOOL: PSYCHROMETER

CLOUD types


Objective: I will identify 4 types of fronts and how they form.

Use weather underground to report the weather. Use at least 6 pieces of

data.

Use page 583 in your textbook to draw and explain an

example of a stationary and an occluded front.


Types of Fronts Foldable


Objective: I will track and predict severe weather.

Watch video from jason .org. Record four

interesting facts about hurricanes.

1

2

3

4 What would you tell people who live along the coast

(or inland) where a hurricane is approaching?

What do you think cities should do before the storm to

help protect their citizens?


Hurricane Notes

Hurricane—tropical cyclone with winds over 119 km per hour or more.

Formation:

Tropical depression/disturbance Tropical Storm Hurricane

1. Low pressure area forms over warm ocean water (28 C or

higher)

2. Hot, humid air rises forming clouds.

3. Winds spiral inward around lowest pressure area; the lower

the pressure, the faster the winds blow Anatomy:

Eye --- quiet, clear, calm

Eyewall --- surrrounds eye; heavy wind and rain

Hurricanes destroyed by:

• High wind sheer

• Movement over cooler, less moist air

• Movement over land


Objective: I will identify factors that influence climate.

Discuss which location, A or B, is receiving direct or

indirect sunlight. Explain how this sunlight affects

Earth at each location.

Follow the directions to create your own imaginary continent.

Complete the chart when you are finished.

Earth in Space #4

R. Bryant 2008 WSMS – Based on “Science Starters” by T. Trimpe at http://sciencespot.net


Factors that influence climate p 614-621

Climate—the average, year-after-year conditions of temperature,

precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area.

Temperature Precipitation

Factors Factors

1. Latitude: tropical, temperate, polar 1. prevailing winds: winds that

2. Altitude: higher = cooler move over water will

3. Distance closer = makes temp less have more water vapor

from water extreme 2. Mt. ranges: rain falls on

4. Ocean either cools or warms areas windsward side of mountain; little

currents based upon temp of current rain falls on leeward side of mt.

3. Seasonal winds: monsoon winds

created when humid sea breeze

continuously blows inland over

long period of time.


Objective: I will identify factors that create storms.

Imagine a storm. Describe what you would see, hear, and feel.

Use in your textbook. Describe how tornadoes and blizzards form.


Bill Nye: Storms

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