AGE OF EXPLORATION

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  Note: these notes are very important! They are a grade,

and you will need them for your test and culminating project for the Explorers Unit.

Objectives

Competency Goals: 7.h.2.1 analyze the effects of social, economic, military and political conflict among nations, regions, and groups (e.g. war, genocide, imperialism and colonization).

Essential Question

How did exploration change world cultures?

Use a map and find out where Europe is located:

Instruments for measuring Altitude of Objects above the

Horizon Captain John Davis invented the Davis

quadrant, an improved back-staff, in 1594. Isaac Newton invented the reflecting

quadrant in 1699. John Hadley and Thomas Godfrey

independently developed the octant in 1730.

The first sextant was produced by John Bird in 1759.

Life on the Sea A sailors day was divided into four-hour work schedules

called watches. Duties included tending sails, maintaining the ship,

sweeping the deck, and filling leaks in the hull with “oakum,” fibers of the old rope covered with tar.

When not on watch, sailors could sleep, eat, or have entertainment.

Sleeping quarters were small, crowded spaces between decks, about three feet high with hammocks slung between beams. Candles and lanterns were prohibited. Sleeping quarters were opened to the air twice a day, except during storms. Sailors slept fully clothed in order to be able to respond immediately to any emergency.

Why Explore?

*Crusades and journeys of Marco Polo exposed Europeans to new technologies, products, and culture

Spices: nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger, pepper

Silk Opium: medical and “recreational” use

The Ottoman Empire

Europeans couldn’t travel across land because the Ottoman Empire would attack them.

The Portuguese

First to explore the western coast of Africa

Looked for a route around Africa to Asia

People Want Products

Cause of Exploration

Exploration and Hard Times Europeans had a hard time travelling

east because of the Ottoman Empire

Two Main Players in Early Exploration Portugal Spain

Africa to India

This established major trade route

Christopher Columbus

Italian man Looked west for route to Asia Was given money by King Ferdinand

and Queen Isabella from Spain. Discovered land in 1492, but it wasn’t

Asia.

Columbus Needed Money for Expedition

Columbus first presented his planned expedition in 1485 to John II, king of Portugal, but the king refused to finance it.

The king and queen of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, agreed to fund Columbus’ expedition in 1492.

Ferdinand Magellan Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became

the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of the Pacific.)

Food for the Journey

Magellan’s fleet began the expedition with: 213,800 lbs. of biscuits, 72,000 lbs. of salted beef, 57,000 lbs. of salted pork, 984 lbs. of cheese, 5,600 lbs. of beans, and 10,080 lbs. of chickpeas (garbanzo beans)

Prince Henry

Son of Portuguese King Dazzled by dreams of ocean exploration

and East Asia Established a navigation school

Not to be confused with

Ponce de Leon First to land on the mainland of North America Looking for “fountain of youth” Sailed for Spain Established St. Augustine, Florida

Vasco de Gama

First to sail around Africa to India (27,000 miles)

Obtained valuable goods from India

Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.

Coronado

Looking for fabled seven cities of gold Explored present-day Arizona and New

Mexico

Hernando Cortes

Explored MEXICO Conquered Aztec civilization

Hernando Cortes

Spanish Conquistador Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma Found gold Claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-1521) “Discovered” Tenochtitlan

Balboa

Spanish Explorer Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain First to cross the Isthmus of Panama

Not to be confused with

Pizzaro

Conquered the Incan Empire Sailed for Spain

Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci America was named after him Recruited by Spain

Check over all Funky Notes: You will use notes to study for test You will use notes to complete

Explorer’s Comic Strip Project

Study All Funky Notes when finished taking notes

Test Tuesday October 2nd 2012

How to prepare for test:

Study funky notes!!!!!!!!