Use of online spaced education to reinforce learning Kitt Shaffer, MD PhD Vice-Chair of Radiology...
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![Page 1: Use of online spaced education to reinforce learning Kitt Shaffer, MD PhD Vice-Chair of Radiology for Education Boston Medical Center.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a57e1550346545e8b580b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Use of online spaced education to reinforce learning
Kitt Shaffer, MD PhDVice-Chair of Radiology for Education
Boston Medical Center
![Page 2: Use of online spaced education to reinforce learning Kitt Shaffer, MD PhD Vice-Chair of Radiology for Education Boston Medical Center.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a57e1550346545e8b580b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
what is the spacing effect?
• information that is delivered multiple times, with some length of time in between repetitions, is retained better than information delivered once
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do we make use of the spacing effect in medical education?
• yes and no• for some courses, detailed information is
given in one large bolus (1st year Anatomy)• however, material may be revisited in later
courses (systems-based courses may review anatomy pertinent to each organ system in 2nd yr, clinical courses review anatomy in 3-4th yr)
• this is probably too LONG for real spacing effect to be seen
Custers EJ. Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2008;Feb 15.
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what is the research to support the spacing effect?
Kerfoot BP, DeWolf WC et al. Spaced education improves the retention of clinical knowledge by medical students: a randomized controlled trial. Med Educ 2007;41(1):23-31.
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what is the testing effect?
• material that is tested is retained• this is separate from the student and faculty
tendency to ‘teach to the test’, or the question ‘will this be on the test?’
• facts which a learner has had to RECALL for a test will be retained better than other facts
![Page 6: Use of online spaced education to reinforce learning Kitt Shaffer, MD PhD Vice-Chair of Radiology for Education Boston Medical Center.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a57e1550346545e8b580b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
what is the research to support the testing effect?
• college students were either quizzed weekly on material or given additional reading assignments
• quizzing led to significantly higher scores on final exam
• fill-in format quizzes led to higher scores than MCQ format quizzes
McDanier MA, Anderson JL et al, Testing the testing effect in the classroom. Eur J Cog Psych 19:494-513;2007.
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do we make use of the testing effect in medical education?
• yes and no• obviously, we test students on material• we may select what to test on based on non-
rational choices (what type of material lends itself to testing, what type of material is easy to formulate as an MCQ?)
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is there another way to make use of both the spacing and testing effects?• SpacedEd– a website that provides infrastructure to design
online courses that offer various testing formats as well as customizable spacing intervals
– use the website to enter questions and explanations
– invite learners to join course– select spacing interval, other parameters
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what do course participants see?
• emails in their inbox “Your SpacedEd questions for today…”
• upon opening email, link takes them to the website
• question is displayed, may include images, video, text, diagrams
• participant answers, gets feedback• same question is sent again after appropriate
spacing interval
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demonstration--user
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what does the course designer see?
• http://www.spaceded.com• tools available to set up a course on any topic– type in questions, explanations– upload image files, diagrams, movies– set parameters for participants• how often to repeat (spacing interval)
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demonstration--teacher
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Conclusions
• Repetition is key to retention for learners– even a single repetition at an appropriate interval
(2-6 weeks) can dramatically improve retention• Testing itself improves retention– effect is most pronounced for fill-in questions
• SpacedEd is a site that allows design of courses that take advantage of both the spacing effect and the testing effect– CT Anatomy review is in the top 15 courses on site