Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability NEORUG – May 14 th, 2008.
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Transcript of Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability NEORUG – May 14 th, 2008.
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Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability
NEORUG – May 14th, 2008
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Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability
© 2008 Cardinal Solutions Group
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AgendaIntroductionOverview of TraceabilityHow to create Test Cases from Use CasesSummaryReferencesQuestions
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Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability
© 2008 Cardinal Solutions Group
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AgendaIntroduction
Cardinal Solutions Fast FactsSpeaker Bio
Overview of TraceabilityHow to create Test Cases from Use CasesSummaryReferencesQuestions
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Use Cases to Test Cases Traceability
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Cardinal Solutions Fast Facts• Founded in 1996 (11 years) • Over 200 professionals• Offices in 3 cities
– Cincinnati– Columbus– Charlotte
• Client projects > 15 cities
• $30M Revenue
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Speaker Nilesh Prabhu, IBM Certified for Rational
Requirements Management with Use CasesPrincipal Consultant at Cardinal Solutions GroupProcess Engineer, Business Analyst : InsuranceTest Lead, Business Analyst : Pension Functional Lead, Test Designer : ManufacturingProgrammer, Tester : Financials
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Agenda Introduction Overview of Traceability
Definition Item Types Role The V Model Where RUP Fits
How to create Test Cases from Use Cases Summary References Questions
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What is Traceability? • "The degree to which a relationship can be established
between two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor-successor or master-subordinate relationship to one another; for example, the degree to which the requirements and design of a given software component match.” (IEEE 610.12-1990 ý3)
• A Technique used to provide relationship between Requirements, Design and Implementation of System in order to manage the effect of change and ensure the success of delivered system.
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Traceability Item• Any project element that needs to be explicitly traced from another textual or model item in order
to keep track of the dependencies between them.
• Example: – Business Rationale– Stakeholder Need– Feature– Use Case– Actor– Wireframes– Business Rules– Design, Development Component– Test Cases– Defects– User Training Guides– Glossary Term– Etc.
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Traceability Types• Vertical Traceability
– Defines relationship between different Project Items
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Traceability Types• Horizontal Traceability
– Defines relationship among similar Project Items
Use Cases
Information Requirements
Non Functional Requirements
Wire-frames
Info Reporting Requirements
Business Rules
Audit ControlRequirements
SecurityRequirements
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Role of Traceability• Coverage Analysis
– Verify that an implementation fulfills all requirements
• Everything that the customer requested was implemented
– Verify that the application does only what was requested
• Don't implement something that the customer never asked for
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Coverage Traceability View
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Role of Traceability• Change Impact Analysis
– Determine the impact of a proposed change:• For example, when some requirements change,
we want to know which test cases should be redone to test this change
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Change Impact Traceability View
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The V Model
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Where does the RUP fit in?
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Iterative Development Process
Business Modeling
RequirementsAnalysis &
DesignImplementation Test Deployment
Business Modeling
RequirementsAnalysis &
DesignImplementation Test Deployment
Business Modeling
RequirementsAnalysis &
DesignImplementation Test Deployment
Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Iteration 3
• Testing starts as early as Iteration 1 and continues thru the
remaining iterations.
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Agenda Introduction Overview of Traceability How to create Test Cases from Use Cases
Proposed Format of a Test CaseCore ProcessBenefits
Summary References Questions
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Proposed format of a Test CaseStep # Action/Execution Step Test Data Expected Result
1 Enter Date of Birth and Select Marital Status
Date of Birth: 05/12/1978Marital Status: Single
Calculate Age.
2 Select Gender Male
3 Enter Phone Number 614 999 1234Prompt Primary or secondary
4 Click Submit N/ADisplay confirmation number.
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Test Case Creation Process• Identify all Scenarios from Use Cases
– Activity Diagrams are basis for Scenario generation
– Review alternate flows of a Use Case
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Test Case Creation Process
Scenario 1 Basic Flow
Scenario 2 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 1
Scenario 3 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 1 Alternate Flow 2
Scenario 4 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 3
Scenario 5 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 3 Alternate Flow 1
Scenario 6 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 3 Alternate Flow 1 Alternate Flow 2
Scenario 7 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 4
Scenario 8 Basic Flow Alternate Flow 3 Alternate Flow 4
• Document All Scenarios
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Test Case Creation Process• Create a new requirement type as
“Scenarios”
• Trace Identified Scenarios to Use Case
Business Need
Feature 1
Feature 2
Use Case 1
Use Case 2
Use Case 3
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 8
.
.
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Test Case Creation Process• Review individual Use Case / Scenario
step to identify variables
• Ex. Steps from Manage Personal Information Use Case is:
• Customer enters Date of Birth, • Customer selects Marital Status
• Variables are: Date of Birth and Marital Status
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Test Case Creation Process• Identify and document significantly different
options for each Use Case step• Date of Birth
1. Regular: MM/DD/YYYY2. Empty: 3. Min Allowed: 01/01/19014. Min Allowed – 1 Day5. Max Allowed:12/31/99996. Max Allowed + 1 Day7. Logically invalid: MM > 12, DD > 31 & YYYY > 9999
• Marital Status1. Single 2. Married3. Separated 4. Divorced
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Test Case Creation Process• Select options that should be tested
• Date of Birth: Regular, empty, 12/31/1900, 12/31/9999, Logically invalid (13/32/2008)
• Marital Status: Each status once
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Test Case Creation Process• Combine options to be tested into Test Cases
Date of Birth Marital Status Gender Phone No Submit
R
E
Min-1
Max+1
I
S
M
SP
D
M
F
R
E
I
TC1
TC2
TC 3
TC4
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Test Case MatrixStep Variable or
SelectionTC1 TC 2 TC 3 TC 4
1 Date of Birth Regular Regular Regular Regular
2 Marital Status Single Married Separated Divorced
3 Gender Male Male Female Female
4 Phone No Regular Regular Regular Invalid
5 Submit Same Same Same Same
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Test Case Creation Process• Assign values to variables Per Test Case Step Variable or
SelectionValue Expected
Results
Actual
Results
1 Date of Birth 03/29/1976 Calculate Age
2 Marital Status Married Prompt for spouse details
3 Gender Male -
4 Phone No 614 555 3289 Prompt for
primary or secondary
5 Submit Same Display Confirmation Number
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Traceability Matrix View from Requisite Pro
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Traceability Tree View from Requisite Pro
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Benefits of Tracing to Test Cases• Test Cases are derived in more automatic way
• Better test coverage
• Easier to monitor testing progress
• Work load balance between testers
• Easier regression testing
• Contribution to early discovery of missing requirements
• Understand the impact of change
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Summary• Traceability establishes relationships between
various project items• Use cases drive scenarios which drive test
cases• “Step” in a Use Case corresponds to “Step” in a
test case • Right project items are addressed in right phase• Reduce effort required for impact analysis due to
a change request
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References• Dean Leffingwell and Don Widrig : Managing Software
Requirements: A Unified Approach. Addison-Wesley 1999
• Peter Zielczynski : Requirements Management using IBM Rational Requisite Pro
• Jim Heumann : “Using Use Cases to create Test Cases.” The Rational Edge, June 2001
• Rational Unified Process. IBM Rational Software Corporation, 2001.
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Questions
Q&A
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© 2008 Cardinal Solutions Group
Contact Information
Consulting: Training:[email protected] [email protected]
Cincinnati Office8044 Montgomery RdSuite 420 Cincinnati, OH 45236
Toll Free: 888-503-2218Phone: 513-984-6700 Fax: 513-792-2835
Charlotte Office525 N. Tyron. St.Suite 1700 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: 704-331-6567Fax: 704-331-3950
www.cardinalsolutions.com
Columbus Office401 N. Front. St.Suite 210 Columbus, OH 43215
Toll Free: 866-806-3486Phone: 614-545-3860Fax: 614-545-3872