AN1140

INTRODUCTIONUSB has become the standard method for devices tocommunicate with a PC. From general purposedevices, such as Flash drives and mice, to special pur-pose devices for specific applications, this popularstandard has almost totally replaced other serialcommunication protocols.

Under the USB standard, USB devices may notcommunicate directly with each other. They may onlycommunicate with a USB host which controls the buson which one or more devices communicate. The mostcommon USB host is a PC. With the introduction ofMicrochips microcontrollers with the USB On-The-Go(OTG) module, it is now possible for embeddedapplications to utilize the wide range of USB devices asa USB embedded host.

USB OVERVIEWThere are many excellent references on USB, includingthe USB 2.0 Specification itself, that provide detailedinformation on USB operation. This section is intendedonly to provide a brief definition of the terms referencedin this application note or required to understand Stackoperation.

USB Hosts and Peripheral DevicesA typical USB system consists of one host and one ormore peripheral devices, often referred to as simplydevices. Each device can communicate only with thehost; devices may not communicate directly with eachother. The host initiates all communication on the bus. Adevice may send data to the host only when the hostrequests it, and it must be able to receive the data thatthe host sends. A device normally uses a Type-Breceptacle or has a captive cable.

Most USB peripheral devices are divided intocategories, called classes. Each class has specialrequirements regarding its communication format. Thehost must be able to recognize a devices class andmeet the classs requirements or the host cannot com-municate with the device. Two example classes areHID (Human Interface Device), such as found on amouse, and Mass Storage, such as found on a Flashdrive. Client drivers provide application level supportfor classes. Some USB peripheral devices are vendor-specific and do not fall into one of the predefinedclasses. Client drivers must be specifically written forthese devices.

The number of devices that can attach to a host can beexpanded through the use of hubs. USB is a tiered starnetwork. Typically, a hub allows four or seven devicesto attach to a single port. A maximum of five hubs canbe chained together, creating up to five tiers. Amaximum of 127 devices (including the hubs) can beconnected on the bus.

A full USB host uses a Type-A receptacle, and must beable to communicate with any device. This support maybe provided via special drivers that must be installed onthe host prior to attaching the device. Hubs must besupported, and each port must be able to deliver aminimum of 100 mA.

Host vs. Embedded HostA USB embedded host differs from a USB host inseveral small but important aspects. A USB embeddedhost:

Supports only specific peripheral devices and/or classes of devices.

Supports only transfer types required by the supported devices.

Hub support is optional. Has relaxed power requirements.

These restrictions allow an embedded host to beimplemented on a device with fixed, limited memory.

Author: Kim OttenMicrochip Technology Inc.

USB Embedded Host Stack 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 1

AN1140

Host Mode OperationIn a USB system, the host controls all traffic on the bus.A device may only respond to requests from the host; itmay not initiate a data transfer. The USB OTG modulemay be used in either Host or Device mode. The exactmethod of operation differs between the two modes.

USB transfers can consist of multiple transactions, andtransactions can consist of multiple packets. Inaddition, a single transfer can contain multiple datastage transactions. Figure 1 shows the generic formatof a single USB transfer.

FIGURE 1: GENERIC TRANSFER STRUCTUREDS01140A-page 2 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140Control transfers often require all three transactions. Acontrol transfer that reads 8 data bytes has thestructure shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2: CONTROL TRANSFER STRUCTURE 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 3

AN1140Bulk, interrupt and isochronous transfers do not utilizethe SETUP token or the status transaction. With bulktransfers, a maximum of 64 bytes may be transferred in

a single data stage transaction. A bulk transfer that writes128 data bytes requires two data stage transactions, andhas the structure shown in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3: BULK TRANSFER STRUCTUREThe USB Embedded Host Stack interfaces with theUSB OTG module in Host mode at the packet level,with the exception that ACK packets are handled auto-matically by the module. When the embedded hostissues the bulk transfer shown in Figure 3, it must

explicitly issue commands to transfer the two OUT andtwo DATA0/1 packets. When the embedded hostissues the control transfer shown in Figure 2, it mustexplicitly issue commands to transmit all SETUP,DATA0/1, IN and OUT packets, for a total of 6 packets.DS01140A-page 4 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140USB EMBEDDED HOST

Targeted Peripheral ListThe Targeted Peripheral List (TPL) is the list ofperipheral devices that the USB embedded hostsupports. Entries in the targeted peripheral list may

refer to specific products (using the VID and PID of theproduct), or may refer to a class of products (usingclass, subclass and protocol). For example, a TPL foran embedded host that supports USB Flash drives andMicrochips PICDEM FS USB demonstration wouldlook like Table 1:

TABLE 1: EMBEDDED HOST TPL

Dual Role Device or On-The-Go?A device can be a dual role device by supporting bothembedded host and USB device functionality via tworeceptacles. For example, a digital camera can act asa peripheral device when downloading pictures to aPC, and act as an embedded host when transferringpictures to a printer. The camera would determine itsrole as device or host depending on what cable wasattached. If a cable was attached to the Type-Areceptacle, the camera would act as a host. If a cablewas attached to the Type-B receptacle, the camerawould act as a device. The Type-A and Type-B recep-tacles must both operate concurrently unless they areonly accessible one at a time.

A USB On-The-Go device is a device that candynamically change its role from an embedded host toa peripheral device without changing cables. OTGdevices use a micro-AB receptacle. The initial configu-ration is determined by the cable orientation. If themicro-A plug of the cable is inserted, the device will

initially act as an embedded host. If the micro-B plug ofthe cable is inserted, the device will initially act as aperipheral device.

The choice of whether or not to utilize OTG depends onthe need for the two devices to dynamically switchmodes. In most cases, the host-peripheral role is con-stant for a pair of communicating devices. For example,the dual role digital camera described above wouldnever need to swap roles with the PC, or with theprinter, so it would not require OTG functionality.

There are also restrictions placed on the TargetedPeripheral List of an On-The-Go device. The TPL of theOTG device must list only specific devices; it may notlist supported classes. For example, an OTG devicecannot generically support USB Flash drives. An OTGdevice may support a non OTG peripheral, but it mustdo so by specifying the VID and PID of that device. ATPL for an OTG device that supports MicrochipsPICDEM FS USB demonstration would look likeTable 2:

TABLE 2: OTG TPL

Description Class Name Class Code Subclass Code Protocol

Flash Drive Mass Storage 0x08 0x06 0x50

Description Manufacturer Model VID PID

Full-Speed Demo Microchip PICDEM FS USB 0x04D8 0x000C

Description Manufacturer Model VID PID

Full-Speed Demo Microchip PICDEM FS USB 0x04D8 0x000C 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 5

AN1140USB EMBEDDED HOST STACKMicrochip provides a royalty-free USB Embedded HostStack for use with Microchip microcontrollers. ThisStack is designed to run on all Microchip devices thathave the USB OTG module. Stack operation can beconfigured through the use of various compile-timeoptions to optimize both speed and size for a particularapplication.

The Stack is state machine based, and utilizes bothinterrupts and a polling mechanism. Interrupts are usedfor all time critical operations, while the pollingmechanism is used to handle operations that are nottime critical. Both mechanisms must be used to ensurecorrect operation of the Stack. The Stack can also beconfigured to provide notification of some systemevents rather than using the polling mechanism.

Installing the StackUSB support packages are available from theMicrochip web site (http://www.microchip.com/usb).Download the desired installation package from theweb site and run the installation. Note that some USBdemos utilize libraries from other application notes. Theinstallations for those libraries will also be executed. Bydefault, the USB Host Stack files will be installed in thedirectory structure shown in Figure 4.

FIGURE 4: INSTALLATION DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

Local Hard Drive (C:)

Microchip Solutions

Microchip

Common

Include

USB

USB

Documents

USBConfig.exe

USB Data Logger

Project Files

USB Source Files

Generic MicrochipSource Files

USB Header Files

Generic MicrochipHeader Files

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Help+

Help Files

Client DriverDirectoriesDS01140A-page 6 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140

Stack ArchitectureThe USB Embedded Host Stack is modular, non-blocking and RTOS independent. The Stack consists oftwo main sections:

State machine for background processing, such as device enumeration

Interrupt handler for time critical processing to utilize the bus in an efficient manner

The state machine has the structure shown in Figure 5:

FIGURE 5: USB EMBEDDED HOST STATE MACHINE

DETACHEDSTATE

ATTACHEDSTATE

ADDRESSINGSTATE

RUNNINGSTATE

INIT

ValidationSuccessful

AddressAssigned

CONFIGURINGSTATEDevice

Configured

DeviceDeconfigured

DeattachInterrupt

DeattachInterrupt

DeattachInterrupt

DeattachInterrupt

AttachInterrupt

ValidationFailed 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 7

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When the device enters the running state, the Stackinforms the client driver of the newly enumerateddevice by calling the initialization event handler. Seethe Defining the Event Handlers section for moreinformation about this event handler. If the client driversuccessfully initializes, normal communication begins.

The USB bus operates with a 1 ms frame. Within thatframe, multiple messages can be sent. Therefore,interrupts are used to respond quickly enough toeffectively control USB traffic. The Stack uses two keyinterrupts:

Start-Of-Frame (SOF Interrupt) Generated by the USB OTG module when it is about to begin a new 1 ms frame.

Transaction Complete Interrupt Generated by the USB OTG module when the last requested transaction is complete.

Upon receiving these interrupts, the Interrupt ServiceRoutine (ISR) determines the next transaction, if any, tosend on the bus.

Configuring the StackThe USB Host Stack and its client drivers can be con-figured for a specific application by using the configura-tion tool, USBConfig.exe, located in the directorystructure shown in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 6, the Device Type and Ping-PongMode first need to be specified on the Main tab. Afterthe device type is specified, appropriate configurationparameters are enabled on other tabs to configure thehost/device and any required client drivers.

FIGURE 6: USB CONFIGURATION MAINDS01140A-page 8 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

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If embedded host, dual role or OTG is specified, Hostmode can be configured on the Host tab, as shown inFigure 7. The endpoint support can be tailored to con-serve program memory. The attach debounce intervalcan be increased from the USB specification value of100 ms to allow support of slower devices. The name

of the function in the main source file that serves as theapplication level event handler must be entered. Iftransfer events are going to be used, the appropriatecheckbox must be checked. See the Using TransferEvents section for more information about usingtransfer events.

FIGURE 7: USB CONFIGURATION HOST 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 9

AN1140

The TPL can be specified on the TPL tab, as shown inFigure 8. Either VID/PID or class specification can beused. See the Targeted Peripheral List section formore information about the TPL.

FIGURE 8: USB CONFIGURATION TPL

Application-specific class support can be configuredwith other tabs. Refer to the associated USB applica-tion notes for more information about the classes andtheir client drivers.

PIC24F Device RequirementsThe USB OTG module requires a 48 MHz clock. Sincethis is beyond the maximum CPU clock speed, there isa method to provide both the CPU and USB clocksfrom a single oscillator source.

The oscillator source must operate at a frequency that isa multiple of 4 MHz. This frequency is divided down to 4MHz by the USB PLL prescaler. The USB PLL prescalerdoes not automatically sense the incoming oscillator fre-quency. The user must manually set the PLL dividerappropriately to generate the required 4 MHz prescaleroutput, using the PLLDIV2:PLLDIV0 Configuration bits.This limits the choices for primary oscillator frequency toa total of 8 possibilities, shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3: VALID PRIMARY OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS FOR PIC24F USB OPERATION

Note: The tolerance of the FRC oscillator isgreater than the USB specification allows;therefore, FRC is not recommended.

Input Oscillator Frequency Clock Mode PLL Division (PLLDIV)

48 MHz ECPLL 12 (111)40 MHz ECPLL 10 (110)24 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL 6 (101)20 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL 5 (100)16 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL 4 (011)12 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL 3 (010)8 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL 2 (001)4 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL, XTPLL 1 (000)DS01140A-page 10 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140

The USB PLL output is used to drive an on-chip96 MHz PLL frequency multiplier, which drives twoclock branches. One branch uses a fixed divide-by-2frequency divider to generate the 48 MHz USB clock.The other branch uses a fixed divide-by-3 frequencydivider and a configurable PLL prescaler/divider(CLKDIV) to generate a range of systemclock frequencies. The available system clock optionsare listed in Table 4. Refer to the microcontroller datasheet for more information about oscillator modes.

TABLE 4: SYSTEM CLOCK OPTIONS DURING USB OPERATION

PIC32 RequirementsThe USB OTG module requires a 48 MHz clock. Thereare three methods for providing this clock:

Use the 8 MHz FRC internal oscillator Provide a 48 MHz oscillator on the OSC1/OSC2

pins Use the 96 MHz USB PLL from OSC1/OSC2

The USB PLL is enabled via the UPLLEN Configurationbit. The oscillator source on the OSC1/OSC2 pins mustoperate at a frequency that is a multiple of 4 MHz. Thisfrequency is divided down to 4 MHz by the USB PLLprescaler. The USB PLL prescaler does not automati-cally sense the incoming oscillator frequency. The usermust manually set the PLL divider appropriately to gen-erate the required 4 MHz output, using the UPLLIDIVConfiguration bits. The 96 MHz PLL output is then fedinto a fixed divide-by-2 frequency divider to generatethe 48 MHz USB clock. The system and peripheral busclocks are not affected by the use of the USB PLL.

Alternately, the FRC can be used when the USBmodule needs a clock source upon exit from Suspendmode. The FRC source is selected by setting theOSCCON bit.

Project RequirementsThe USB Embedded Host Stack stores informationabout the attached device in dynamic memory. Enoughheap space must be allocated for the USB peripheralsdevice descriptor, all configuration descriptors and64 bytes of overhead. Client drivers may haveadditional dynamic memory requirements. If there isnot enough dynamic memory to hold the deviceinformation, the device will fail to enumerate.

Heap size can be specified in the MPLAB IDE projectby selecting Project>Build Options>Project from theMPLAB IDE main menu. For 16-bit microcontrollers,select the MPLAB LINK30 tab, and enter a value in theheap size edit box. Then, click OK.

Using the StackMost applications will not interface directly with theUSB Embedded Host Stack. Instead, they will use aclient driver, which in turn will use the Host Stack. Someapplications have additional layers that interface withthe client driver. For example, the application describedby AN1145, Using a USB Flash Drive on an Embed-ded Host has five layers, including the applicationlayer, as shown by Figure 9.

FIGURE 9: USB FLASH DRIVE DATA LOGGER ARCHITECTURE

The information presented here is primarily intendedfor client driver developers.

MCU Clock Division(CPUDIV)

Microcontroller Clock Frequency

None (00) 32 MHz2 (01) 16 MHz4 (10) 8 MHz8 (11) 4 MHz

Note: Check the device-specific data sheet forother possible clocking options orrestrictions.

Note: Check the device-specific data sheet forother possible clocking options orrestrictions.

Note: For detailed information about the USBEmbedded Host Stack API, please refer tothe API documentation provided in the Helpdirectory and AN1141, USB EmbeddedHost Stack Programmer's Guide.

Application Layer

File System Support

SCSI Command Support

Mass Storage Client Driver

USB Host Driver 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 11

AN1140

Defining a TPLThe Targeted Peripheral List (TPL) must be defined sothe Stack knows what USB peripheral devices it cansupport. If the application is using USB OTG, the TPLmay consist only of specific VID and PID pairs for thesupported devices. If the application is using USBembedded host, then the TPL may consist of supportedclasses as well as specific VID and PID pairs.

The TPL can be defined using the configuration tool,USBConfig.exe, provided with the Stack. See theConfiguring the Stack section.

Defining the Event Handlers

CLIENT LEVEL EVENTSThe Stack requires two event handlers in the clientdriver. The first is the device initialization handler, whichis called during device enumeration, after the devicesconfiguration has been set. The device initializationhandler should be of the type defined by the typedef:

typedef BOOL (*USB_CLIENT_INIT) ( BYTEaddress, DWORD flags );This function performs device initialization specific to thedevices class. If initialization occurs with no error, thisroutine should return TRUE. If errors are encountered,this routine should return FALSE, and the device will notbe enumerated. Example 1 shows a sample initializationhandler.

EXAMPLE 1: INITIALIZATION HANDLERBOOL USBHostSampleInitialize( BYTE address, DWORD flags ){ // This handler supports one attached device. if (deviceHandle != 0) { return FALSE; // We cannot support this device. } deviceHandle = address;

// Initialize something based on flags. if (flags & 0x01) { // Do something } else { // Do something else } return TRUE; // Device successfully initialized}DS01140A-page 12 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140The second event handler is required to handle eventsthat occur during normal operation. This event handlershould be of the type defined by the typedef:

typedef BOOL (*USB_CLIENT_EVENT_HANDLER)( BYTE address, USB_EVENT event, void*data, DWORD size );

For example, one of the events that can occur isEVENT_DETACH. This occurs when a device hasdetached from the bus. In this case, the client driver willneed to update its status by doing operations, such asremoving the device from its list of attached devicesthat utilize the client driver. Example 2 shows a sampleevent handler.

EXAMPLE 2: EVENT HANDLERBOOL USBHostSampleEventHandler( BYTE address, USB_EVENT event, void *data, DWORD size ){ switch (event) { case EVENT_DETACH: deviceHandle = 0; return TRUE; break;

// More events handled here } return FALSE; // We did not handle the event}Several events are provided for OTG operations. Inaddition, the Stack can be configured to provide trans-fer events (EVENT_TRANSFER). Refer to the UsingTransfer Events section.See the API documentation in the Help directory for acomplete list of events.

The Stack requires a list of all initialization and eventhandlers for every supported client driver. This listcan be defined using the configuration tool,USBConfig.exe, provided with the Stack. See theConfiguring the Stack section. 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 13

AN1140

APPLICATION LEVEL EVENTSSome events are intended for the top level applicationrather than the client driver. The primary example ofthis type of event is EVENT_REQUEST_POWER. Thisevent is generated when a device requests power whilein the process of enumerating. If the application needsto monitor or control how much power is allocated tothe attached device, it must implement an application

event handler. This event handler must also be of thetype, USB_CLIENT_EVENT_HANDLER, shown above.The name of the event handler must be entered into theName of Application Event Handler field on the Hosttab of the configuration tool, USBConfig.exe (see theConfiguring the Stack section). Example 3 shows aminimum event handler for controlling power.

EXAMPLE 3: APPLICATION LEVEL EVENT HANDLER

If no event handler is implemented, the EmbeddedHost Stack will respond as if the event handler returnedTRUE.

Stack InitializationUSB embedded host operation is initialized by a singlefunction:

BYTE USBHostInit( void );This function initializes all internal variables for Stackoperation. It should only be called once during theapplications execution. The USB OTG module on themicrocontroller is not configured in this function.

The USB configuration tool will create a macro,USBInitialize(), to call all of the initializationroutines required by the USB host driver and thesupported client drivers.

Normal Stack OperationAfter initialization, USB OTG module configurationand USB embedded host operation are triggered by asingle function:

void USBHostTasks( void );

This function implements the state machine required toenumerate a device. It should be called at regularintervals to ensure timely enumeration.

The USB configuration tool will create a macro,USBTasks(), to call all of the task routines required bythe USB host driver and the supported client drivers.

Communicating with a Peripheral Device

Normal communication with a device is initiated by twofunctions:

BYTE USBHostRead( BYTE deviceAddress,BYTE endpoint, BYTE *data, DWORD size );BYTE USBHostWrite( BYTE deviceAddress,BYTE endpoint, BYTE *data, DWORD size );A return code of USB_SUCCESS (0x00) indicates thatthe operation was started successfully.

BOOL USB_ApplicationEventHandler( BYTE address, USB_EVENT event, void *data, DWORD size ){ switch( event ) { case EVENT_REQUEST_POWER: // data points to a byte that represents the amount // of power requested in mA, divided by two. if (*(BYTE*)data > 50) // We will allow up to 100mA { return FALSE; } break; } return TRUE; // Allow all other events to pass.}

Note: Applications should use theUSBInitialize() macro instead of thelower level function call.

Note: Applications should use the USBTasks()macro instead of the lower level functioncall.

Note: This section describes the routinesrequired for a client driver to communicatewith a peripheral device. Application levelcode will not call these functions; instead,they will utilize the appropriate routine(s)in the client driver(s).DS01140A-page 14 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140

After initiating communication, take care thatUSBTasks() (USBHostTasks() and any requiredclient tasks) are performed while waiting for the opera-tion to complete. The status of the operation can bedetermined by calling the function:

BOOL USBHostTransferIsComplete( BYTEdeviceAddress, BYTE endpoint, BYTE*errorCode, DWORD *byteCount );

If the function returns FALSE, the transfer is not com-plete, and the returned error code and byte count arenot valid. If the function returns TRUE, the returnederror code indicates the status of the operation, and thereturned byte count indicates how many bytes weretransferred.

A transfer of data from the host to the device might looklike Example 4.

EXAMPLE 4: SEND DATA TO A PERIPHERAL DEVICEerror = USBHostWrite( device, EP1, buffer, sizeof(buffer) );if (error){ // There was a problem}else{ while (!USBHostTransferIsComplete( device, EP1, &error, &count )) { USBHostTasks(); } if (error) { // There was a problem } else { // The data was transferred successfully }} 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 15

AN1140

Advanced Stack Use

USING TRANSFER EVENTSExample 4 shows a simple method of transferring data,but it has the disadvantage that execution is trapped ina loop while waiting for the transfer to complete. Oneway to avoid this is to utilize transfer events.

All client drivers must have an event handler, sincesome events must be supported for basic Stack opera-tion. Transfer events, however, are optional, since theymay not be needed for all applications and theyincrease required resources.

Transfer events operate differently than other events inthe system. The completion status of a USB transfer isdetermined in the USB ISR, when the transaction com-plete interrupt fires. However, the transfer event is notgenerated at this point. In order to utilize the busefficiently, USB interrupts must be as short as possibleto allow as many transactions as possible within oneUSB frame (1 ms). The client drivers event handlermay be rather large and require a great deal of time toexecute, and it may generate another event that mustbe handled by another layer of the application, resultingin a very long delay. Therefore, a transfer event queueis used. Transfer events (EVENT_TRANSFER) areenqueued in the ISR along with a structure of the type,HOST_TRANSFER_DATA, so the application can deter-mine what transfer completed and whether or not it wassuccessful. The function, USBHostTasks(),dequeues the transfer events and sends them to theclient drivers event handler.

In general, more program and data memory are requiredto support transfer events due to the transfer eventqueue. The code architecture is more sophisticated, andthis architecture is more difficult for a beginning Cprogrammer to design, develop, debug and maintain.However, transfer events allow the client driver to mini-mize or even eliminate a background task processingfunction, utilizing processing bandwidth more efficiently.

TERMINATING TRANSFERSThe Stack has the ability to automatically terminatetransfers that the device is failing to respond to bycounting the number of NAKs that the device sends. Ifthe application requires a different time-outmechanism, it can terminate a transfer manually bycalling the function:

void USBHostTerminateTransfer( BYTEdeviceAddress, BYTE endpoint );

ISSUING STANDARD DEVICE REQUESTSAll USB devices respond to certain requests from thehost. The application may issue USB standard devicerequests by calling the function:

BYTE USBHostDeviceRequest( BYTEdeviceAddress, BYTE bmRequestType, BYTEbRequest, WORD wValue, WORD wIndex, WORDwLength, BYTE *data, BYTE dataDirection);The Stack will then issue the requested control transferon Endpoint 0. Refer to the USB 2.0 Specification formore information about standard device requests.

CLEARING ENDPOINT ERRORSIf a transfer is unsuccessful because too many errorsoccurred, or because the device stalled the endpoint,the error must be cleared before another transfer canbe attempted. The error condition may be cleared bycalling the function:

BYTE USBHostClearEndpointErrors( BYTEdeviceAddress, BYTE endpoint );If a stall occurred, USBHostClearEndpointErrors()must be called, plus the stall condition on the devicemust be cleared. This is done by issuing a CLEARFEATURE device request (as described in the IssuingStandard Device Requests section) with theENDPOINT HALT feature selector and the endpointnumber that is currently stalled. Refer to the USB 2.0Specification for more information about the CLEARFEATURE device request.

ACCESSING THE DEVICE AND CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTORSDuring enumeration, the Stack obtains and storesthe device descriptor and the configurationdescriptors of the device. The client driver canaccess the device descriptor by using theUSBHostGetDeviceDescriptor() function. Thisfunction returns a pointer to the device descriptor.

BYTE * USBHostGetDeviceDescriptor( BYTEdeviceAddress );The client driver can also access the configurationdescriptor of the current configuration by using thefunction, USBHostGetCurrentConfiguration-Descriptor(). This function also returns a pointerto the descriptor.

BYTE * USBHostGetCurrentConfiguration-Descriptor( BYTE deviceAddress )DS01140A-page 16 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

AN1140

GETTING STRING DESCRIPTORSA USB peripheral device may contain one or more stringdescriptors that describe items, such as the product, themanufacturer and the devices serial number. The indexof the desired string can be obtained by referencing theappropriate field in the device descriptor. Then, thedesired string can be obtained by calling the function:

BYTE USBHostGetStringDescriptor ( BYTEdeviceAddress, BYTE stringNumber, BYTE*stringDescriptor, BYTE stringLength )

Example 5 shows how to obtain an attached devicesserial number.

Refer to the USB 2.0 Specification for more informationabout the device descriptor and string descriptors.

EXAMPLE 5: RETRIEVING A DEVICES SERIAL NUMBERdeviceDescriptor = USBHostGetDeviceDescriptor( device );snIndex = deviceDescriptor[16]; //See Device Descriptor spec.

if (snIndex != 0){ if (!USBHostGetStringDescriptor( device, snIndex, buffer, 50 )) { while(!USBHostTransferIsComplete( device, 0, &error, &count )) { USBHostTasks(); } if (!error) { // Serial number is in buffer[] in UNICODE } }} 2008 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01140A-page 17

AN1140CONCLUSION The USB Embedded Host Stack for Microchips 16-bitand 32-bit microcontrollers provides a platform forsupporting various USB classes. With these solutions,applications can now utilize the wide variety of avail-able USB peripheral devices, including mass storageand human interface devices. The USB embeddedhost capability of the USB OTG module, available onselect 16-bit and 32-bit Microchip microcontrollers,opens a whole new world for embedded applications.

REFERENCES AN1141, USB Embedded Host Stack

Programmers Guide (http://www.microchip.com) AN1142, USB Mass Storage Class on an

Embedded Host (http://www.microchip.com) AN1143, USB Generic Client on an Embedded

Host (http://www.microchip.com) AN1144, USB HID Class on an Embedded Host

(http://www.microchip.com) AN1145, Using a USB Flash Drive on an

Embedded Host (http://www.microchip.com) Universal Serial Bus web site (http://www.usb.org) Microchip Technology Inc. web site

(http://www.microchip.com)DS01140A-page 18 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.

There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breachknowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner ou

of in

rned

er canle.

mitteay b

workInformation contained in this publication regarding deviceapplications and the like is provided only for your convenienceand may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility toensure that your application meets with your specifications.MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS ORWARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OROTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liabilityarising from this information and its use. Use of Microchipdevices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely atthe buyers risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify andhold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are

Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft

Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is conce

Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturmean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakab

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are comproducts. Attempts to break Microchips code protection feature mallow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

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the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our tside the operating specifications contained in Microchips Data tellectual property.

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Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Companys quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchips quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

DS01140A-page 20 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.

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WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE

01/02/08

IntroductionUSB OverviewUSB Hosts and Peripheral DevicesHost vs. Embedded HostHost Mode OperationFIGURE 1: Generic Transfer StructureFIGURE 2: Control Transfer StructureFIGURE 3: Bulk Transfer Structure

USB Embedded HostTargeted Peripheral ListTABLE 1: Embedded Host TPL

Dual Role Device or On-The-Go?TABLE 2: OTG TPL

USB Embedded Host StackInstalling the StackFIGURE 4: Installation Directory Structure

Stack ArchitectureFIGURE 5: USB Embedded Host State Machine

Configuring the StackFIGURE 6: USB Configuration - MainFIGURE 7: USB Configuration - HostFIGURE 8: USB Configuration - TPL

PIC24F Device RequirementsTABLE 3: Valid Primary Oscillator Configurations for PIC24F USB OperationTABLE 4: System Clock Options During USB Operation

PIC32 RequirementsProject RequirementsUsing the StackFIGURE 9: USB Flash Drive Data Logger Architecture

Defining a TPLDefining the Event HandlersClient Level EventsEXAMPLE 1: Initialization HandlerEXAMPLE 2: Event Handler

Application Level EventsEXAMPLE 3: Application Level Event Handler

Stack InitializationNormal Stack OperationCommunicating with a Peripheral DeviceEXAMPLE 4: Send Data to a Peripheral Device

Advanced Stack UseUsing Transfer EventsTerminating TransfersIssuing Standard Device RequestsClearing Endpoint ErrorsAccessing the Device and Configuration DescriptorsGetting String DescriptorsEXAMPLE 5: Retrieving a Devices Serial Number

ConclusionReferencesWorldwide Sales and Service

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